BackgroundCognitive decline is a chronic condition which is characterized by a loss of the ability to remember, learn, and pay attention to complex tasks. Many older people are now suffering from cognitive decline, which decreases life quality and leads to disability. This study aimed to identify the risk and protective factors for cognitive decline of the older people from daily life and establish a predictive model using logistic regression.MethodsWe investigated 3,790 older people with health examination and questionnaires which included information associated with physical condition, lifestyle factors, and cognitive status. Single-factor comparison, principal component analysis with a Manova-Wilk test, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression were performed to filter the risk and protective factors regarding cognitive decline of older individuals. Then a predictive model using logistic regression was established based on the most significant protective and risk factors.ResultsWe found a significant separation along the coordinate axis between people with normal and declined cognition by principal component analysis, as confirmed by the Manover-Wilk test. Single-factor comparison, multiple linear regression and logistic regression implied that gender, age, hypertension level, height, dietary habit, physical-exercise duration, physical-exercise history, and smoking history could be closely linked with cognitive decline. We also observed significant differences in height, physical exercise duration, physical-exercise years, and smoking years between the male and female of the participants. ROCs of the predictive model by logistic regression were plotted, with AUC values of 0.683 and 0.682, respectively, for the training and testing sets. Although an effective predictive model is thought to have AUC over 0.7, we still believe that the present model is acceptable because the value is close to the threshold.ConclusionThe protective factors of cognitive decline for older people were male gender, height, keeping moderate exercising, and nicotine stimulation, and the risk factors included age, female gender, vegetarianism and hypertension. Except for the genetic factor, differences in lifestyle, such as smoking and exercise habits, may contribute to the observed differences in cognitive function between genders. The significant results could be utilized in the practice for the early intervention of cognitive decline in aged people.

Estimation of chronological age is particularly informative in forensic contexts. Assessment of DNA methylation status allows for the prediction of age, though the accuracy may vary across models. In this study, we started with a carefully designed discovery cohort with more elderly subjects than other age categories, to diminish the effect of epigenetic drifting. We applied multiplexing and massive parallel sequencing of targeted DNA methylation, which let us to construct a model comprising 25 CpG sites with substantially improved accuracy (MAE = 2.279, R = 0.920). This model is further validated by an independent cohort (MAE = 2.204, 82.7% success (±5 years)). Remarkably, in a multi-center test using trace blood samples from forensic caseworks, the correct predictions (±5 years) are 91.7%. The nature of our analytical pipeline can easily be scaled up with low cost. Taken together, we propose a new age-prediction model featuring accuracy, sensitivity, high-throughput, and low cost. This model can be readily applied in both classic and newly emergent forensic contexts that require age estimation.

Background It has been reported that the cognitive responses to physical activity (PA) in postmenopausal women vary by parity status, and women with higher parity show a significant association between PA and cognitive function. However, the potential pathways mediating the relationship between PA and cognitive function in women with higher parity remain unclear. The objective of this study was to examine this association in Chinese cohort and further investigate the mediating pathways. Methods A total of 2296 postmenopausal women were enrolled from the Baoshan District, from April to December 2020. All participant details were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaires, including personal information, medical history, lifestyle body mass index (BMI), cognitive function, nutritional status, and. In this cross-sectional study, generalized linear regression models and the chain-mediation analysis were used to examine the relationship between PA and cognitive function and the mediating pathways. Results There was a significant relationship between PA and cognitive function in the high-parity group (≥ three births). In the fully adjusted generalized linear regression model, PA was significantly associated with cognitive function [β: 0.795, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.251–1.340, P < 0.05]. The chain-mediation analysis showed that depression and nutritional status were two significant mediators, contributing 37.96% of the indirect effect of the overall effect. Conclusions Our findings suggest that PA is beneficial for women at a higher risk of cognitive decline, especially those with more than two births, and these benefits are mediated by depression and nutritional status.

Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the host health in the aging process. However, the mechanisms for how gut microbiota triggers cellular senescence and the consequent impact on human aging remain enigmatic. Here we show that phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), a metabolite linked to gut microbiota, drives host cellular senescence. Our findings indicate that the gut microbiota alters with age, which leads to increased production of phenylacetic acid (PAA) and its downstream metabolite PAGln in older individuals. The PAGln-induced senescent phenotype was verified in both cellular models and mouse models. Further experiments revealed that PAGln induces mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage via adrenoreceptor (ADR)-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Blockade of ADRs as well as senolytics therapy impede PAGln-induced cellular senescence in vivo, implying potential anti-aging therapies. This combined evidence reveals that PAGln, a naturally occurring metabolite of human gut microbiota, mechanistically accelerates host cellular senescence.

Background With the increase of the aging population,age-related health problems have garnered increasing attention.Compared to physiologic diseases with significant clinical symptoms,the mental health issues of the elderly are often overlooked.The underlying depressive states and high incidence of chronic diseases collectively contribute to a decline in quality of life in old age.Moreover,metabolic diseases,more prevalent in the elderly,significantly impact brain health,potentially leading to neurological damage and cognitive decline.Objective This study aims to investigate the relationship between depression,cognitive status,and nutritional and metabolic status among elderly individuals in the community.Methods We selected 3 767 elderly individuals who participated in physical examinations at the Youyi Street Community Health Service Center in Baoshan District,Shanghai.The demographic data on sex,age,BMI and waist-to-hip ratio were collected.The evaluations included the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS),Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA),and Activities of Daily Living Scale(ADL).Metabolic syndrome-related diseases and the 10-year cardiovascular disease risk were assessed using clinical metabolic indicators,and Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations among these indicators.Results This research showed that significant differences were found in age,MNA,MMSE scores,the proportion of people at high risk of cardiovascular disease and the 10-year cardiovascular disease risk grade among the different groups(P<0.05).Correlation analysis indicated that the GDS score was negatively correlated with the total MMSE score and its sub-item scores,except for the repetition ability score.MNA and ADL were positively correlated with the total MMSE score(P<0.05).Additionally,GLU and HbA1c levels were negatively correlated with immediate recall ability in the MMSE(P<0.05).Conclusion Our findings suggest that depression in the elderly is associated with cognitive decline,while better nutritional status is linked to improved cognitive performance.Focusing on and improving metabolic health in the elderly may enhance their mental state and overall mental health.

Estimation of chronological age is particularly informative in forensic contexts. Assessment of DNA methylation status allows for the prediction of age, though the accuracy and ease of manipulation may vary across different models. In this study, we started with a carefully designed discovery cohort recruiting more elderly subjects than other age categories, to diminish the effect of epigenetic drifting. We analyzed DNA methylation from a single genomic region of ELOV2, which was sufficient to construct an age-prediction model comprising 15 CpG sites. This model is further validated by an independent cohort as well as a multi-center test using trace dried bloodstains. The nature of our analytical pipeline, when combined the assessment of a single genomic locus with high-throughput sequencing, can easily be scaled up with low cost. Taken together, we propose a new age-prediction model featuring accuracy, ease of manipulation, high-throughput, and low cost. This model can be readily applied in both classic and newly emergent forensic contexts that require age estimation. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

前列腺癌是男性常见的恶性肿瘤之一,具有较高的发病率和致死率.前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)在前列腺癌筛查中意义重大.随着前列腺癌诊疗研究的深入,各类生物标志物不断被发现,在前列腺癌诊疗全过程发挥着重要作用.使用血液或尿液样本的前列腺健康指数(PHI)、4K评分、PCA3、精选MDx、外泌体智能积分等指标可以有效辅助前列腺的筛查和诊断.血液循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)、循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)可用于前列腺癌的风险分层和治疗药物选择、治疗反应监测,以及临床试验替代终点.使用前列腺癌组织样本的基因组前列腺积分、Prolaris积分等可用于前列腺癌的风险分层.文章就基于血液、尿液和其他类型样本的各类前列腺癌生物标志物的临床应用进行综述.

Objective:To develop a list of basic and expanded medical laboratory tests in community health service centers in Shanghai.Methods:The status quo of human and equipment resource allocation, the test items and quality control currently performed, the perspectives of various stakeholders, the capacity building of community clinical laboratory in community health service centers in Shanghai were investigated by quantitative survey and qualitative interview; and the rating scores of each test item were assessed by expert consultation using Delphi method. The expert focus discussion was conducted, and each test item was rated and classified. Finally a list of the basic tests and expanded tests in clinical laboratories of community health service center was developed.Results:A total of 247 questionnaires were distributed and 192 (77.7%) were answered. A list of 94 laboratory test items was screened out based on the questionnaire survey of the laboratories of the community health centers. Thirty one experts in the relevant areas were invited to rate the test items, the average authority coefficient of experts was 0.90, with which the weighted average of the expert ratings was made. There were 45 (47.9%) items scored 7 or higher, 38 (40.4%) scored between 5 and 7, and 11 (11.7%) scored less than 5. Based on the results of the expert focus discussion, 48 items were recommended as the basic tests and 46 items as the extended tests.Conclusion:In this study a list of tests recommended to clinical laboratories in Shanghai community health service centers has been developed, which contains 48 basic tests and 46 extended tests.

Background: The kidney is an important organ for maintaining homeostasis. Kidney-specific senescence plays an important role in aging; however, the mechanism underlying this process is still unclear. We conducted an analysis of renal function impairment in a group of healthy volunteers with a wide range of ages. The aims of this study were to investigate the age profile of kidney-specific aging, the characteristics of symbiotic microorganisms in urine and the aging mechanism related to these microorganisms.Methods: A total of 3342 adults aged 20–104 years were included in the study. Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and glomerular filtration rate were evaluated by blood biochemical analysis to determine the typical age range of abrupt renal function change. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA of urinary microbiota was performed on members of the cohort in the age range of transition to declining renal function, and comparative analysis was performed.Findings: A decline in renal functional beginning at 50–65 years of age was evident. Urinary microbiota 16S rDNA sequencing was performed on 74 subjects from a distribution based on quartiles of renal function. Analysis of the sequencing results revealed significant differences between the flora in males and females, and significant changes in urinary flora with renal aging. Correlation analysis combined with clinical indicators revealed that the dominant microbiota in female subjects in the quartile of poorest renal function was closely associated with altered electrolyte metabolism, inflammatory activation and positive balance of energy metabolism during renal aging. In particular, our analysis suggests that Streptococcus plays an important role.Interpretation: The age at which early impairment of renal function occurs was confirmed and a multidimensional analysis revealed that changes in urinary commensal bacteria, especially Streptococcus, are closely associated with renal aging. This work provides a better understanding of the importance of microbiological studies in chronic kidney disease and reveals potential indicators for early detection of chronic kidney disease.Funding Information: This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2018YFC2000500/03) and Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (21ZR1409200). Dr. C Zhao is supported by outstanding talent from Fudan University (2015).Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: All participants agreed to take part in this study and signed an informed consent form. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (ethics committee approval letter No. 2020-C017).

Purpose Recent studies have focused on whether kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) might serve as a marker of acute kidney tubular injury. Our study analyzed the levels of KIM-1 in the healthy population of different ages to explore the correlation between KIM-1 and age. Moreover, we constructed a model to predict kidney age. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China, between April 2020 and December 2020. KIM-1 and other kidney biomarkers were measured in 176 healthy individuals ranging from 26 to 91 years old. Statistical correlated analyses for urinary KIM-1, creatinine (uCREA), potassium (K), sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl), plasmic renin, angiotensin-2 (AngII) and aldosterone (ALD), and serum microalbuminuria (MALB), β2-microglobulin (B2MG), cystatin C (CYSC), urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), and glucose (GLU) were performed to assess the correlation between age and kidney biomarkers. All variables were selected as independent variables for the prediction of age by multiple linear regression. Results KIM-1 positively correlated with age in kidney healthy people (r = 0.41, p < 0.05), whether among females (r = 0.51, p < 0.05) or males (r = 0.27, p < 0.05). It was much related to K (r = 0.34), B2MG (r = 0.28), and CL (r = 0.23). The predicted model was constructed with eGFR, Cl, ALD, CYSC, KIM-1, BUN, GLU and AngII, reaching an adjusted R2 of 69.5% and a standard error of the estimated 7.84 years. Conclusion The level of urinary KIM-1 increases with age in healthy people. The model constructed by KIM-1 and the other 7 biomarkers can predict kidney age in healthy people.

本研究旨在建立对肠道主要共生菌的快速定量方法.根据细菌16S rRNA基因的保守序列并参考相关研究,设计针对总肠道菌群的通用引物和探针,以及针对双歧杆菌属、肠球菌属和肠杆菌科的特异性引物和探针,采用引物设计工具(Primer-BLAST)以及聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增以验证引物和探针的特异性.通过分子克隆技术,构建各目标菌属目的基因的重组质粒作为qPCR检测的标准模板,选择标准模板进行重复性实验,并计算组内和组间重复变异系数.用所建立的方法对不同年龄段的临床粪便标本进行3类细菌的检测,并初步分析这些菌群与增龄的关系.结果显示,引物和探针具有较高的特异性;各目的细菌标准曲线在一定范围内线性关系良好,总菌群或各目标菌属的线性范围分别为:总菌群2.9×103～2.9×1012copies/μL、双歧杆菌3.1×102～3.1×109 copies/μL、肠球菌5.9×102～5.9×109 copies/μL、肠杆菌6.3×102～6.3×109 copies/μL,决定系数R2≥0.995;检测的最低拷贝数为总菌群7.5×102 copies/μL、双歧杆菌46 copies/μL、肠球菌37 copies/μL、肠杆菌51 copies/μL;重复性实验变异系数在1.32％以下,具有良好的可重复性.对不同年龄段临床粪便标本检测的结果显示,肠球菌和肠杆菌含量随增龄呈增长趋势,且老年组含量显著高于青年组,但在高龄老年人中未发现肠球菌数量增加.双歧杆菌含量随增龄减少,且各组间差异显著,在高龄老年人中也未观察到双歧杆菌显著减少.结果提示,本研究建立了一种可供临床推广的菌群绝对定量方法,能够同时检测3类细菌和菌群总量,对于菌群定量研究具有实际意义.

目的 研究社区居家养老老年人抑郁状况及其与认知障碍的关系.方法 本研究于2020年4月9日-6月15日间,选取842例上海某社区健康体检老年人为研究对象,用老年抑郁量表(GDS)评估其抑郁状态,用简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评估其认知功能.结果 分析发现,抑郁组的MMSE得分下降(P=0.005),表明抑郁与认知功能障碍之间存在相关性.进一步分析MMSE量表中各个分项的情况,发现对认知功能影响较大的三个方项分别是延迟回忆、视空间知觉和书写能力,抑郁组和正常组在MMSE量表中上述三个方面的得分差异率分别为30％、21％和16％.结论 在社区居家养老老年人健康体检中常规设置心理健康量表检查,有利于早期发现认知功能障碍患者,可为必要的早期健康教育和指导提供依据.

呼吸道病毒感染是呼吸道常见疾病的主要原因之一.本文旨在总结与探讨呼吸道病毒样本检测前处理质量控制的要素,为临床呼吸道病毒样本检测前处理方案提供参考与指导.本文主要回顾了呼吸道病毒临床检测前处理质量控制环节的要点,包括4个主要方面:标本的类型、采集、运输和储存.根据分析得出了各类型标本、拭子材料的适用条件以及呼吸道病毒样本采集、运输和储存的要求,其中以鼻咽拭子标本为重点标本类型.目前在呼吸道病毒样本检测标本类型选择中,鼻咽拭子为最佳样本类型,也可进行多个类型标本联合使用,例如:鼻咽拭子和口咽拭子、唾液标本、痰标本可以提高检测的灵敏度和准确度,考虑到临床实际情况,具有一定价值.并且本文也阐述了新标本类型投入临床检测的可能性.

目的探讨基于晨尿的估算24 h尿钠排泄水平（estimated 24 h urinary natriuresis,e24UNa）在心血管疾病风险评估中的价值。方法自上海市宝山区友谊社区经抽样选取4 035名中老年人,采集基础的流行病学资料并对空腹血清样本及晨尿样本进行检测,采用Kawasaki公式计算e24UNa。分析e24UNa与心血管疾病风险相关临床参数、检测指标的相关性,基于10年Framingham风险积分计算不同风险人群的e24UNa水平。结果观察队列e24UNa均值为9 879 mg/d;根据e24UNa排泄水平分为高（≥12 699 mg/d）、中（10 636～12 699 mg/d）、低（≤10636 mg/d）3组:男性比例分别为31.74%、47.87%和59.78%,腰围分别为（85.66±10.07）、（88.13±9.23）和（90.14±9.40）cm,臀围分别为（95.57±7.33）、（97.41±7.09）和（98.72±6.69）cm,体质指数分别为（24.38±3.46）、（25.25±3.34）和（25.73±3.30）kg/m~2,吸烟率分别为4.75%、8.09%和8.31%,空腹血糖分别为（5.60±1.67）、（5.62±1.50）和（5.78±1.68）mmol/L,胆固醇分别为（5.53±1.17）、（5.37±1.22）和（5.34±1.18）mmol/L、性激素结合球蛋白分别为（71.06±34.98）、（62.55±29.92）和（59.95±27.55）nmol/L;以上指标的组间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。随着Framingham风险积分升高（＜10%、10%～20%、20～30%和＞30%）,e24UNa水平升高[（9 239.87±2 140.720）、（9 622.46±2 193.57）、（9 878.15±2 217.14）和（10 322.30±2 365.33）mg/d)]（P＜0.001）。结论基于晨尿获得的e24UNa较血钠、随机点尿钠更宜用于指导心血管疾病膳食限钠预防措施的实验室监测指标。

目的:运用前瞻性巢式病例对照研究的方法探索预测心血管终点事件发生的危险因素.方法:收集上海市宝山区友谊街道社区共计5 792名居民(去除信息不全等不合格样本)的流行病学资料.将发生心血管终点事件的患者纳入病例组,并运用巢式病例对照研究的方式匹配未发生心血管终点事件的对照组.采取其血清标本进行相关生化、免疫项目的检测,并分析其与心血管终点事件发生的相关性.结果:病例组空腹葡萄糖(GLU)水平高于对照组(P＜0.05).Logistic分析显示,GLU、铁蛋白、C反应蛋白(CRP)是预测心血管终点事件发生的影响因素(P＜0.05),其中GLU是心血管终点事件发生的独立危险因素(OR=1.284,95％CI 1.128～1.460,P=0.000).结论:GLU是心血管终点事件发生的独立危险因素,可作为其预测指标;监测CRP和铁蛋白也有利于对心血管疾病的预测和管理.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of cardiovascular disease in Shanghai Baoshan District Youyi Community elderly people,to compare the difference of 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease through different cardiovascular disease risk assessment systems. Methods A total of 1 983 cases of over 60-year old were enrolled from Shanghai Baoshan District Youyi Community. The baseline data were collected,and fasting venous blood samples were collected to determine total cholesterol(TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The baseline data from the derivation cohort of each cardiovascular disease risk score [Framingham risk score,ischemic cerebral vascular disease(ICVD) risk assessment model,Reynold's risk score,SCORE risk score(Spain),SCORE risk score(Finland) and QRISK2 risk score] were compared with the baseline data of elderly people from Shanghai Baoshan District Youyi Community. Framingham risk score,Reynold's risk score and SCORE risk scores and Chinese Adult Dyslipidemia Prevention Guideline(2016 revised edition) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) risk algorithm were used to calculate the difference of 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease among elderly people in Shanghai Baoshan District Youyi Community. Results Among the 1 983 elderly people,there were 32(1.61%) cases with cerebrovascular diseases and 56(2.82%) cases with heart diseases. There was difference between the baseline of Youyi Community elderly people and the baseline of derivation cohort. The risk rates of Framingham risk score and Reynold's risk score in predicting 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease were 28.73% and 13.95%, respectively. The risk rates of SCORE risk scores for high risk region and low risk region were 7.29% and 4.14%,respectively. According to related guidelines,the risk rates of Framingham, Reynold's and SCORE(high risk region) risk score were stratified,and there were 11.29% cases in the same risk group and other 88.71% cases with difference in the stratification of risk groups. Conclusions The elderly people in Shanghai Baoshan District Youyi Community have high risk of cardiovascular disease. There exists difference among Framingham,Reynold's and SCORE risk scores in predicting 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease.

Objective To explore the correlation between sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in community elderly population.Methods In 2014,1916 elderly people (796 males,and 1 120 females) were selected from Baoshan District Friendship Community,Shanghai.We collected basic epidemiological data and fasting venous blood samples to carry out the detection of biomarkers,and then calculated their ten-year Framingham risk score.In this study,obesity,systolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,lipid concentration,and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were considered as CVD risk factors;Framingham risk score was considered as a CVD event prediction risk score.We analyzed the correlations of these factors with SHBG.Results SHBG mean values in the population with a history of CVD were lower than those without a history of CVD (P＜0.001).The correlation coefficient between male SHBG and waist circumference,hip circumference,BMI,systolic pressure,cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,apolipoprotein A,high sensitive C-reactive protein were-0.312,-0.307,-0.266,-0.113,0.155,-0.277,0.510,0.394 and-0.130,respectively (P＜0.01).The correlation coefficient between female SHBG and waist circumference,hip circumference,BMI,fasting glucose,cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,apolipoprotein A,high-sensitive C-reactive protein were-0.236,-0.248,-0.168,-0.183,0.135,-0.264,0.445,0.358 and-0.295,respectively (P＜0.001).The decrease of SHBG level was consistent with the increase of Framingham score (κ =0.062,P＜0.001).Elevated level of SHBG would reduce the risk of CVD in ten years (P＜0.01).Conclusions There was a negative correlation between baseline SHBG level and CVD risk factors,positive correlation between baseline SHBG level and CVD protection factors in community elderly population;lower SHBG level indicated higher risk of developing CVD events.

In this paper,the author analyzed the quality situation of staff in community health service center using simple blood glucose meter for detection of blood glucose,and to give quality control management,to improve the accuracy of the determination results of blood glucose meter.In the community health service center,quality management of POCT blood glucose meter must be unified deployment,using a blood glucose meter staff must be given standardized training,to establish effective quality assurance system of norms and management,and we should implement it in the management before,during and after the POCT analysis,to ensure the quality of monitoring in the area of population.

Objective In order to provide the epidemiological data for clinical diagnosis , to analyze the distribution of urinary albumin ( Alb ) and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR ) in one-community elderly residents of Shanghai and the related risk factors .Methods A total of 1 154 residents were randomly enrolled from Youyi Community, Baoshan District.All of them were ≥60 years old.Fasting blood and first morning urine samples were collected to measure and calculate urinary Alb/creatinine (Cr) ratio(ACR) and eGFR by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration ( CKD-EPI) equation.ACR≥30 mg/mgCr and eGFR≤60 mL/( min· 1.73 m2 ) were used as the cut-off points to define albuminuria and impaired glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) . The prevalence and relationships between risk factors and disease were analyzed .The eGFR was calculated according to modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation.Difference between the results of CKD-EPI equation and MDRD equation were also&nbsp;compared.Results Overall, 13.43%of the residents had albuminuria , and 29.98%of the residents existed impaired GFR.The abnormal rates of ACR and eGFR CKD-EPI increased with sex, age, prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus , prevalence rate of hypertension showed statistical significance between normal group and albuminuria group ( for sex:P<0.05;for the others:P<0.001).In impaired GFR group, all factors showed no statistical significances except age (P<0.001) and hypertension ( P =0.006) compared with normal group ( P >0.05).Compared with CKD-EPI equation, MDRD equation may get a higher abnormal rate of eGFR .MDRD equation may overestimate the abnormal rate and underestimate the eGFR levels of healthy subjects , especially in the elderly group and ACR normal group .CKD-EPI equation was relatively more accurate .Conclusions The prevalence of increasing ACR and abnormal eGFR is high among the elderly residents .Therefore, these individuals need to pay more attention to kidney disease , diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other risk factors .Clinicians should be aware of the differences of eGFR on the basis of different equations among different populations .