<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">本试验旨在研究饲粮及饮水中添加复合有机酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道内容物pH、血清生化指标、营养物质表观消化率以及空肠黏膜中分泌型免疫球蛋白A（SIgA）含量的影响。试验选取21日龄、体重为（6.0±1.0） kg的健康"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪120头,随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,每组5个重复,每个重复6头。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素组,在基础饲粮中添加0.05%的弗吉尼亚霉素预混料（弗吉尼亚霉素含量为50%）;Ⅲ组为有机酸化剂组,在基础饲粮中添加0.2%的复合有机酸B,且在饮水中添加0.1%的复合有机酸A;Ⅳ组为有机酸化剂组,在基础饲粮中添加0.2%的复合有机酸B和0.3%的复合有机酸C。试验期为21～35日龄（断奶后前2周）。结果表明:1)与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,Ⅲ组的平均日采食量（ADFI）显著提高（P&lt;0.05）;Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的料重比有一定程度的降低,但差异不显著（P&gt;0.05）;4组间的腹泻率和死亡率无显著差异（P&gt;0.05）。2)与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组胃、十二指肠肠道内容物pH显著降低（P&lt;0.05）,空肠、回肠、结肠肠道内容物pH虽无显著差异（P&gt;0.05）,但有降低的趋势。3)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组仔猪肠道对饲粮中粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗蛋白质表观消化率较Ⅰ组虽无显著的差异（P&gt;0.05）,但有一定程度的提高。4)Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清中碱性磷酸酶活性较Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著降低（P&lt;0.05）;与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅲ组血清谷丙转氨酶活性也显著降低（P&lt;0.05）;Ⅲ组血清总蛋白含量较Ⅰ、Ⅱ组有一定程度的提高（P&gt;0.05）;Ⅳ组血清谷草转氨酶活性、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量较Ⅰ、Ⅱ组有降低的趋势（P&gt;0.05）。5)Ⅲ、Ⅳ组空肠黏膜中SIgA含量与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比显著提高（P&lt;0.05）。综上所述,在断奶仔猪的饮水和饲粮中组合或单独添加复合有机酸都可以提高断奶仔猪的生长性能和改善仔猪肠道健康状况。</span>

牛至油是从天然植物牛至中提取而来的一种挥发油,具有抗炎、抗氧化等作用,是一种良好的抗生素的替代物.文章主要从牛至油的理化性质及成分、生理功能及作用机理,以及其在猪、禽生产中的应用进展进行论述,为牛至油的进一步开发利用提供参考.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation with Clostridium butyric on growth performance,fecal micro-organism and blood biochemical parameters of piglets during nursery period. 224 healthy (PIC) weaned piglets at 30~32 days of age [the average body weight (8.5+0.50)kg] were selected and divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 14 piglets per replicate.The control group was fed with no anti-feed diet .The experimental group were replaced with 0 %,50 %,100 % antibiotics (kanamycin 75 mg/kg + baccatin 40 mg/kg + kitasamycin 50 mg/kg) respectively.The results showed that:(1)There was no significant difference in growth performance among the groups(P＞0.05),but the diarrhea rate decreased linearly ((P=0.04).(2)There was no significant difference between total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB)(P＞0.05),but the serum urea nitrogen had a significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of serum urine nitrogen in the 50% substitution group were 51.19% and 51.19% higher than those in the control group and 100% group respectively (P<0.05).(3)There were significant differences in fecal microbial flora structure among the three groups (P<0.05).The Salmonella decreased in the 100% substitution group compared with the non-resistant group 79.11%(P<0.01).The number of Escherichia coli in the non-resistant group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.01). (4)The Salmonella and Clostridium perfringens in 50% and 100% replacement groups,the Escherichia coli in 100% replacement group decreased continuously,and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01).Using compound probiotics instead of 50% antibiotics could effectively reduce the feed to meat ratio,but may increase the kidney burden.In conclusion,Clostridium butyrate combined with probiotics could be used to replace antibiotics in large-scale pig production,and 100% was a better alternative.

试验旨在探究包被乳酸菌与腐植酸钠对保育猪饲粮高浓度氧化锌的替代效果.选择胎次相同、体重为(9.1±0.5)kg的健康PIC系小猪180头,随机分成高锌对照组(3000 mg/kg氧化锌)、包被乳酸菌替代组(100 mg/kg氧化锌+0.1%包被乳酸菌)、腐植酸钠替代组(100 mg/kg氧化锌+0.4%腐植酸钠),每组4个重复,每个重复15头.结果表明:1)高锌对照组比包被乳酸菌替代组末均重、平均日采食量与平均日增重分别高出4.7%、14.08%及7.2%,但无显著差异(P>0.05).高锌对照组平均日增重及平均日采食量分别比腐植酸钠替代组高出92.4%和29%,存在显著差异(P<0.05).2)包被乳酸菌替代组腹泻频率比高锌对照组、腐植酸钠替代组分别低30.6%、83.9%.从腹泻指数可以看出,腐植酸钠替代组腹泻最为严重,包被乳酸菌替代组次之,高锌对照组腹泻程度较轻.综上所述,在饲料中添加0.4%的腐植酸钠不能替代氧化锌,但0.1%包被乳酸菌能有效替代部分氧化锌.

霉菌毒素（mycotoxins）主要是指霉菌在其所在饲料中产生的有毒代谢产物。引起饲料霉变的原因有很多，除了受霉菌毒素的污染外，饲料原料水分偏高，环境潮湿及虫鼠活动等都会引起饲料霉变。不同的霉菌毒素对动物的危害机理及其症状不一，在此，介绍其防治方式，为饲料安全提升提供参考。

This study was conducted to explore nutrition values and in vitro gas production characteristics of Arundo donax in different growth periods.Whole plant,leave and stem of Arundo donax in different growth periods (75,90,105,120 and 135 d) were determine for nutrient contents by conventional analysis methods;fermentation fluid pH,dry matter disappearance rate (DMD),neutral detergent fiber disappearance rate (NDFD) and acid detergent fiber disappearance rate (ADFD),as well as gas production (GP) and GP dynamic parameters of Arundo donax were determined after fermented for 72 h by an in vitro GP method.The results showed as follows: 1) with the extension of growth period,in whole plant of Arundo donax,crude protein content was gradually decreased,and neutral detergent fiber (NDF),acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents showed up-down-up of wave shape changes,but overall is on rise;nutrient contents in leave and stem were in great change.2) With the extension of growth period,DMD,NDFD and ADFD were decreased,there were no significant differences between 75 and 90 d (P>0.05),and the two periods were significantly higher than 105 and 120 d (P<0.05 or P<0.01).3) With the extension of growth period,maximum GP showed decreasing tendency,there was no significant difference between 75 and 90 d (P>0.05),and the two periods were significantly lower than the other periods (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and 105,120 and 135 d were 40.22%,50.98% and 51.53% lower than 90 d,respectively;GP rate showed similar tendency.In conclusion,Arundo donax using as a forage grass should be cut before 90 d.

本试验旨在探讨不同剂量复方中草药添加剂对围产期奶牛的生产性能及生殖激素等指标的影响.按照预产期、胎次和泌乳量相近的原则,选取24头围产前期荷斯坦奶牛,将其随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复1头).Ⅱ组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组每头分别在基础饲粮中添加100、200、300 g/d的复方中草药制剂,从产前21 d到产后21 d连续添加,正式期42 d.结果表明:(1)复方中草药添加剂可显著提高奶牛的干物质采食量(P＜0.05).而产前7d至分娩,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组的干物质采食量分别比Ⅱ组高9％、20％、7％(P＜0.05),且Ⅲ组比Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别高出9％和11.6％,差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05).(2)复方中草药添加剂组围产期奶牛的日产奶量和乳成分有显著提高(P＜0.05).并且Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组奶牛的日平均产奶量较Ⅱ组分别提高了5％和6％(P＜0.05),但Ⅲ组、ⅣV组无显著差异;各处理组的干物质含量分别提高0.46％、0.48％、0.53％(P＜0.05),乳糖含量分别提高0.02％、0.08％、0.12％(P＜0.05);Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组奶牛乳蛋白率分别提高0.08％、0.07％(P＜0.05).(3)复方中草药对奶牛血清中E2、FSH、LH含量具有一定的调控作用,能缓解由E2剧烈变化引起的生理应激.由此可见,中草药复方添加剂能有效提高围产期奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量及乳品质,且能调节生殖激素,稳定产后生殖机能恢复.且每头以200 g/d剂量添加效果最佳.

研究旨在对宁乡猪和杜长大杂种猪的生长性能、胴体性状和肉质性状进行评估.选取体重、胎次、日龄相近的宁乡猪和杜长大分为两组,每组24头,分为4个重复,每个重复6头,在同一饲养标准下饲养.结果表明:1)杜长大的日增重是宁乡猪的1.5倍,差异极显著(P<0.01);料重比杜长大比宁乡猪低27.25%,差异显著(P<0.05).2)杜长大的屠宰率、瘦肉率、眼肌面积、胴体斜长和胴体直长等分别比宁乡猪高5.31%、67.99%、248.36%、19.74%、20.23%;宁乡猪的脂肪率和腹脂率分别为40.43%、2.87%,杜长大分别为17.53%、0.49%,杜长大比宁乡猪分别低56.64%、82.93%,均差异极显著(P<0.01);宁乡猪背膘厚、皮厚高于杜长大,差异不显著(P>0.05).3)宁乡猪的大理石纹评分和在24 h的肉色红度极显著大于杜长大(P<0.01);宁乡猪的pH1和pH2均大于杜长大,两猪种的熟肉率、失水率、肉色亮度和pH均差异不显著(P>0.05).综上所述,杜长大杂种猪的生长性能和胴体性状较好,宁乡猪肉质较好,这主要是脂肪沉积能力决定的.

二丁酰环腺苷酸作为环腺苷酸衍生物,它极性小,有亲脂性,可通过细胞膜在细胞内发挥作用;它克服环腺苷酸很难通过细胞膜在细胞内发挥作用只能以注射使用的缺陷,对动物生长有明显促进作用,并可明显改善动物的胴体组成和肉品质,是一种有良好应用前景的动物生长调节剂.

二丁酰环腺苷酸(Dibutyryl Cyclic adenosine monophosphate,dbcAMP)作为一种生长调节荆,极性小,有亲脂性,可通过细胞膜在细胞内发挥作用.它可以通过调控动物体内蛋白和脂类,促进动物生长,改善动物的胴体组成和肉品质,具有良好的应用前景.本文综述了dbcAMP通路、对蛋白和脂类代谢的调控作用,以及对育肥猪胴体的影响.

褐色脂肪组织作为一种"燃烧脂肪",外观呈褐色,细胞内含有大量的脂肪小滴及高浓度的线粒体,细胞间含有丰富的毛细血管和大量的交感神经纤维末梢,组成了一个完整的产热系统.它在一定的条件下,可以通过细胞内脂肪酸的非耦联氧化磷酸化分解将人体内多余的脂肪"燃烧"产生热量,可有效的减少脂肪的沉积.目前褐色脂肪已成为人们研究的热点之一,主要集中褐色脂肪与减肥(即白色脂肪与褐色脂肪之间的转化),从而它作为治疗肥胖和相关疾病的一种潜在方法. 本文主要对褐色脂肪的产热功能进行概述.

在满足动物不同日龄阶段的营养和能量需要的基础下,通过调整饲料配方中饲料原料的比重,以降低成本已然成为控制动物饲养成本的关键手段.本探讨了利用WPS中的“线性规划”功能制作最佳饲料配方的方法.

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a compound additive on the production performance of high producing dairy cows. A total of 40 high producing dairy cows with similar age, weight and calving date were divided into 4 groups randomly(n=10)and were assigned to one of the four diets: basal diet or basal diet supplemented with 0.5%,0.8% or 1.0% compound additive, the feeding trial lasted for 45 days, including 10 days of pre-experiment. Feed intake, milk yields, milk compositions (fat, protein, and lactose and s somatic cell count were measured. The results showed that dietary supplementation of the compound additive had no effect on the milk composition, but it could signiifcantly improve the milk yield of dairy cows. With cost considering, the ratio of 0.5% had better effects.

试验旨在研究复合添加剂对围产期奶牛生产性能的影响.试验按照年龄、胎次、体重、产犊时间接近的的原则,选择健康的围产前期中国荷斯坦奶牛16头,随机分为两组,分别为对照组和试验组.试验组奶牛每天按照精料量的1.O％添加复合添加剂,对照组不添加;试验期40 d,包括10 d预试期.结果表明:在奶牛产后的第10天,试验组奶牛产奶量比对照组高7.18 kg(P＜O.05);在产后的第15天,试验组奶牛泌乳量比对照组高7.75 kg(P＜O.05);试验组乳糖率和去脂干物质分别比对照组提高了0.31个百分点和0.59个百分点(P＜0.05),其他乳成分二者间均无显著差异(P＞0.05).研究显示,在围产期奶牛日粮中添加此种复合添加剂可以提高围产期奶牛的生产性能.

姜黄素是从姜科植物中提取的一种天然的黄色酸性多酚类活性物质,是姜黄发挥作用的最主要的活性成份. 近年来,姜黄素涉及的研究领域越发广泛,已成为国内外研究的热点之一. 作为一种多效的天然活性物质,姜黄素已逐步取代抗生素在畜禽生产过程中发挥重要作用. 而本文主要从姜黄素的理化性质、免疫学功能以及在畜禽生产中的应用等方面进行综述.

Chitosan oligosaccharide is a product of chitosan obtained by deacetylation of chitin degradation, so far it is the only alkaline amino oligosaccharide in natural saccharide, with the charictaristics of safety, nontoxicity,good water solubility, multi-function and high biological activity. Antioxidant function and antioxidant action mechanism, and the influence factor of antioxidant function chitosam oligosaccharide in animal body were reviewed in this article.

为了建立一种制作流程简单、材料廉价易得、标本质量优良的野生哺乳动物剥制标本制作方法,本研究以野猪、狗獾、黄麂为试验对象,以尸体解剖下刀口、皮质处理方法、骨架制作方法为研究内容,以制作程序、制作成本和标本质量为指标,确立一种野生哺乳动物剥制标本简易制作的方法.对照组标本历时25 d,成本为103元/只,标本质量良好;实验组标本制作历时15 d,平均成本为52元/只,标本无变型、无异味、色泽和状态自然,与对照组标本质量无显著差异.相对于现有的野生哺乳动物剥制标本制作方法,本研究确立的方法可以简化标本制作流程,减少制作费用,保障标本质量,具有推广应用价值.