The present review expounds the advancements in the application and mechanisms of flavonoids in gouty arthritis, highlighting their significance in managing the disease. Gouty arthritis is among the most common and severe inflammatory diseases, caused by hyperuricemia and the deposition of sodium urate crystals in the joints and surrounding tissues, posing a serious threat to human life and health. Flavonoids, extracted from various herbs, have attracted significant attention due to their efficacy in improving gouty arthritis. The present study systematically reviews the in vivo studies and in vitro animal studies on flavonoids from herbal medicines for the treatment of gouty arthritis that have been previously published in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases between 2000 and 2023. The review of the literature indicated that flavonoids can improve gouty arthritis through multiple mechanisms. These include lowering xanthine oxidase activity, inhibiting uric acid (UA) synthesis, regulating UA transporters to promote UA excretion, reducing the inflammatory response and improving oxidative stress. These mechanisms predominantly involve regulating the NOD‑like receptor 3 inflammasome, the Toll‑like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathway, and the levels of UA transporter proteins, namely recombinant urate transporter 1, glucose transporter 9, organic anion transporter (OAT)1 and OAT3. Various flavonoids used in traditional Chinese medicine hold therapeutic promise for gouty arthritis and are anticipated to pave the way for novel pharmaceuticals and clinical applications.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: An essential factor related to the acute alcoholic liver injury is damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Yajieshaba (YJSB) is a commonly used formulation of Dai people in China and pro-tects the liver.Aim of the study: This study investigated whether YJSB can prevent acute alcoholic liver injury by regulating the intestinal mucosal barrier.Materials and methods: The mice received 0.39 g/kg, 1.17 g/kg, and 3.51 g/kg dose YJSB for 7 days, a mouse model of acute alcoholic liver injury was established by a single instillation of 56% alcohol. Plasma biochemical markers were analyzed, liver injury was identified by histopathology, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), nuclear factor-k-gene binding (NF-& kappa;B), hepatic inflammatory factors, oxidative stress factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was analyzed. The morphological changes of intestinal histology were observed by H & E staining, and the ultrastructure of ileal cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence and Western blot was used to determine the expression levels of transporters and enzymes involved in Claudin 1, Occludin and zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) homeostasis in the liver and intestine.Results: The findings showed that YJSB reduced the levels of aspartate aminotr ansferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bile acid (TBA), both of which are indicators of liver function and had a protective effect against liver injury. In the liver homogenate, YJSB reduced the level of LPS, NF-& kappa;B, tumor necrosis factor-& alpha; (TNF-& alpha;), interleukin-1 & beta; (IL-1 & beta;) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), decreased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT) and ROS. The results of hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that YJSB reduced the degree of damage to intestinal tissue and intracellular organelles, implying that YJSB can reduce the "attack factor" that causes intestinal barrier damage, increase the "defense factor" that protects the intestinal barrier. The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis showed that YJSB could increase the expression of claudin 1, occludin, and ZO-1 proteins, suggesting that the mechanism of action of YJSB against acute alcohol liver injury involves the upregulation of the expression of the intestinal barrier-related proteins and the repair of the damaged intestinal barrier.Conclusions: YJSB can block LPS, oxidative stress factors, and other harmful substances in the blood and protect the liver resisting acute alcoholic liver injury.

本文主要从傣医肝脏的生理功能、病理变化,肝病的病因病机、治则治法以及治疗方药等方面进行整理及阐述.傣医肝病是因多种内、外因导致体内四塔五蕴功能失调,水、血运行不畅,引起肝脏生理功能失常的病变.傣医治疗肝病治则上以调平四塔五蕴,未病先解、先解后治,通利三盘为要;治法上以内治法为主,外治法为辅;用药上善用解药方药,辨塔论治用方,并多用入土塔类药物.

Yajieshaba (YJSB), a traditional Dai medicine formula containing botanical drugs, is commonly employed in Yunnan due to its significant therapeutic effects on liver protection. Consequently, to determine the efficacy of YJSB and the mechanism of action of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway against liver fibrosis. We wanted to see if YJSB could treat CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by regulating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. YJSB significantly improved liver function biochemical indices, liver fibrosis quadruple, hydroxyproline (Hyp), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels. The staining results demonstrated that the degree of liver fibrosis was significantly reduced. YJSB reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver, exhibiting antioxidant effects; meanwhile, it regulated the expression of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway protein, increased the expression of NAD(P)H: Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1), Glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and Glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) expression in the liver decreased while Nrf2 expression increased. Fluorescence immunoassay studies demonstrated that YJSB promoted the trans-nuclearization of Nrf2. YJSB possesses anti-liver fibrosis pharmacological effects that improve liver function and effectively counteract CCl4-induced liver fibrosis damage. The mechanism of action might be related to the regulation of protein expression of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, increasing the ability of the body to resist oxidative stress and reduce oxidative stress injury.

傣医依托于独特的区位优势及丰富的自然资源,创造出独特系统的理论体系及实践经验,在防治肝病方面历史悠久、经验丰富又独具特色.文章从百种药食两用植物中筛选出具有防治肝病的傣药,并进行整理、总结,以期为肝病的预防、治疗及药食两用植物资源的开发提供思路与参考.

在两千多年的历史长河中,傣医外治法依托于傣医学完整的理论体系和丰富的实践经验,形成了别具一格的治疗方法,成为傣医治疗疾病的重要手段,是傣医学优势和特色之一,可谓独树一帜.本文就傣医外治法的理论、治则、分类、特点等特色作一探析.

傣医外治法是傣医最具特色的治疗方法,是傣族先民在长期与疾病作斗争的实践中历经千载不断发展而来,具有传统性、区域性、民族性特点.其形成经历4个阶段:远古时期的萌芽阶段、原始社会时期的成长积累阶段、中世纪以后的总结成形阶段及发展升华阶段.历经千载,傣医外治种类由少到多,外治方药由单味药到复方药,外治剂型由单一到多样,外治应用由经验升华到理论,逐步形成系统的傣医外治理论体系.

傣医外治法植根于傣族传统文化中,其产生、形成和发展受到傣族习俗、生产模式、生活方式、地理环境及气候特征的影响.文章从宗教、贝叶、雨林、酒四方面进行梳理,阐明傣族传统文化对傣医外治法发展的影响,得出傣族传统文化丰富、推动傣医外治法的发展.

目的:初步观察化血胆对急性心肌缺血保护作用.方法:采用pit尾静脉注射方法制备大鼠急性心肌缺血模型.将SD大鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组、模型组、硝酸异山梨醇酯组、复方丹参滴丸组、化血胆组.各组均在连续灌胃15d后造模,测定大鼠15、30 s,1、3、5、10、20 min心电图,腹主动脉采血,制备血清测定AST、CK、LDH、SOD、MDA含量.结果:化血胆具有抗心肌缺血的作用.J点位移与模型组比较(P＜0.01),化血胆可明显降低血清心肌酶AST、CK、LDH和MDA的含量,提高血清SOD活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:化血胆具有抗心肌缺血的作用,可能与抗氧化有关,具体作用机制还待进一步研究.

心脑血管疾病仍是我国居民首要死因,传统医药在防治心脑血管疾病方面具有独特优势,郑进教授长期从事中医药民族医药临床研究.文章总结郑进教授融汇中医药、民族医药治疗心脑血管疾病的学术思想及临床辨治经验,以期为心脑血管疾病诊疗研究提供新视野.

通过搜集傣医解“食物毒”单方、验方57首,应用统计软件SPSS17.0,采用频数分析法,分析傣医解“食物毒”的方药及配伍规律.发现傣医解“食物毒”方药用药以解药类药物为主;药性凉,药味苦;多入风塔,擅治疗消化系统病症;配伍以复方为主,遵循寒热并用,调平“四塔”原则.得出傣医解“食物毒”的方药具有独特的用药特色及规律.

目的 基于统计学频数分析法及聚类分析法,分析傣医解“食物毒”的用药经验.方法 收集解“食物毒”相关单方、验方57首,115味药物,并对其进行频数和聚类分析.结果 使用频次最高的前3位为麻汉(巴豆)、管底(三叶蔓荆)、蒿修顿(红雀珊瑚)、文尚海(百样解);解“食物毒”方药的主要主治类别为误食毒物和食物中毒,其治疗范围主要为消化系统类,主治症状以腹泻、呕吐、腹痛3种症状为主.对48味傣药通过聚类分析可分为7类,主要主治误食毒物和食物中毒.结论 傣医对解“食物毒”的遣方用药的规律分析可为解“食物毒”的临床诊断、治疗和研究提供有用的参考.

Dai medicine has a long history of thousands of years to prevent and treat heart disease.To Dai medicine,the concept of heart disease includes not only organic heart diseases such as heart disease,but also mental disorders,such as mental consciousness and mental abnormality.In this paper,we mainly have collected the relevant theories and prescriptions of Dai medicine for organic heart disease,the Dai medicine in treatment of heart disease is under the guidance of'Four tards and five Skandhas' 'Yajie theory'and'San Pan theory'.Drug used characteristics in Dai medicine are detoxification first,dredges the channels and collaterals,activates blood circulation and facilitates qi.Spicy is the main point.By combing the research progress of Dai medicine in the prevention and treatment of heart disease,we hope it will enrich and perfect the disease prevention and cure system of Dai medicine,and lay a theoretical foundation for further study.

傣医“雅解”理论是傣医理论体系的特色理论,解“食物毒”是“雅解”理论的重要组成部分.通过对解“食物毒”的概念、分类、病因病机、治疗原则及方法进行系统阐述,对于丰富和发展特色“雅解”理论及解“食物毒”内涵具有重要意义,并为临床运用提供理论依据.

近几年,中医及西医对心肌缺血再灌注损伤研究较多,民族医药防治的研究报道较少.文章从藏、蒙、维、傣医药理论、方药应用、研究进展对其进行概述,以期为民族医药防治心肌缺血再灌注损伤有所启发.