To clarify the comprehensive impact of Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) on ecosystem services (ES), this study constructs TDR scenario simulations using Guangxi, China as the study area. First, we identified two types of TDR transfer mechanisms—urban-rural and regional—based on Chinese policies that implicitly reflect the TDR concept. Second, TDR sending and receiving areas were delineated according to urban-rural relationships and objective indicators such as the ratio of developed area to total area in each city. Third, a top-down allocation method was employed to determine the quantity of Land Development Rights (LDR) transferred. Finally, the PLUS model was used to simulate land use under the TDR scenario. For comparison, four scenarios were constructed: the Baseline Scenario (BS), Development Scenario (DS), Protection Scenario (PS), and TDR Scenario (TDR). On this basis, the InVEST model was used to estimate three ES functions—Soil Conservation (SC), Habitat Quality (HQ), and Carbon Storage (C)—while a spatial analytical geometry model was applied to measure ES coordination deviation (CDD) and the degree of comprehensive transformation (CTD). The results show that: (1) TDR flexibly reallocates construction land through spatial transfer, meeting development needs while protecting agricultural and ecological spaces, thereby effectively reducing losses in SC, HQ, and C. (2) Taking 2020 as the baseline, compared with other scenarios, TDR improves ES coordination by 0.09%, with CTD decreasing by only 0.10%. Compared with the BS, TDR increases CTD by 0.255% while reducing coordination by only 0.197%, indicating the best overall ES performance. This study demonstrates the positive effects of TDR on ES protection and provides new insights for coordinating land development and ecological conservation in regional spatial planning.

Market-based instruments and land-use management are key mechanisms for emission reduction, directly influencing regional carbon storage and constituting critical considerations for achieving the “dual-carbon” goals. Previous studies have primarily assessed the response of regional carbon storage to land-use management, while largely overlooking the role of market-based instruments. As an integration of market mechanisms and land-use management, whether Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) can effectively improve regional carbon storage remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the impact of TDR on regional carbon storage. This study employs the PLUS model to simulate four land-use scenarios in Guangxi for 2030: Baseline Scenario (BS), Development Scenario (DS), Protection Scenario (PS), and TDR scenarios (TDR). On this basis, the InVEST model is used to quantify carbon storage under each scenario. Through scenario comparison, the impact of TDR on regional carbon storage is identified. The results indicate that TDR improves regional carbon storage by optimizing land-use structure and reallocating development rights across zones. With a total carbon storage of 3269,444.5 × 10⁴t, the TDR represents an optimal solution that balances regional development and ecological protection, aligning with China’s territorial spatial governance and green low-carbon development policies. Therefore, this study provides an effective pathway for promoting low-carbon land use.

Introduction Ecosystem service (ES) supply-demand relationship, directly affects human well-being and has become a critical aspect of ecological civilization construction. However, previous studies have focused more on ES supply-demand relationship at a single scale, neglecting the scale sensitivity of ecosystems. Therefore, this study employs Guangxi as a case study.Methods A multi-scale analysis framework was constructed, embedding municipal, county, and grid scales. The InVEST and RUSLE models were comprehensively applied to evaluate the supply-demand relationships and matching patterns of key ESs, including food production, carbon sequestration, soil conservation, habitat quality, and water yield. A geographically weighted regression model was utilized to analyse the scale dependency and spatial non-stationarity of influencing factors.Results (1) the matching patterns of ES supply and demand in Guangxi exhibit significant scale dependency. The city level presents an "overall surplus with structural deficits" characteristic; the county level reveals localised imbalances masked by municipal averages; while the grid scale further identifies micro-deficit patches within continuous spatial patterns. (2) Spatial correlation patterns between ES supply and demand undergo systematic evolution with increasing scale resolution. Municipal scale predominantly exhibit low-supply-low-demand agglomeration, while county scale show positive agglomeration for food and soil conservation services alongside negative correlations for water production services. Grid scales highlight localised mismatches between soil conservation and habitat quality. (3) Driving mechanisms demonstrate pronounced spatial heterogeneity and scale sensitivity. Factors such as forest cover and precipitation generally exert positive influences, yet their effect intensity and directionality vary spatially. As the scale becomes finer, the dominant factors shift from natural baseline conditions to human activity factors. At the county scale, a dual-track driving mechanism emerges where "natural factors dominate supply services while human factors dominate demand services." At the grid scale, the influence of human activities further intensifies.Discussion This study reveals the transmission patterns of ES supply-demand relationships and the scale effects of driving mechanisms from a multi-scale perspective, providing scientific basis for differentiated and precise ecological restoration and spatial governance optimized for national territorial space.

Background:Under the "three-child" policy, the importance of childcare for infants and toddlers aged 0-3 has been emphasized. However, the implementation of universal childcare policies still faces problems such as supply-demand mismatches, uneven resource distribution, and insufficient supervision, which constrain families' childcare capabilities. Research objective:Drawing on Amartya Sen's capability approach and taking Guangxi as the research area, this study analyses the dilemmas and challenges in the implementation of universal childcare policies, explores their impact on families' economic, social, and informational capabilities, and proposes corresponding optimisation paths. Research methods:The current implementation of universal childcare in Guangxi was systematically examined through a mixed-methods approach, combining questionnaire surveys with in-depth interviews. Findings:The results show that the policy has improved families' childcare capabilities to some extent. However, its effectiveness has not been fully realized due to irrational resource allocation, limited service capacity of childcare institutions, insufficient family capabilities, and imperfect mechanisms of collaborative governance. Conclusion:Based on these findings, this paper proposes high-quality development paths including more precise financial subsidies, diversification of childcare supply, and strengthening of collaborative governance systems. These measures aim to enhance families' childcare freedom and promote the goal of ensuring that every child has access to care.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are a central issue in the conflict between economic development and environmental protection. Optimizing land use to balance development and conservation plays a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions. The transfer of development rights (TDR), as an emerging market-based policy tool, can effectively achieve a “win-win” situation between development and conservation. However, its empirical impact on carbon emission reduction remains insufficiently explored. This study focuses on the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China. It constructs four scenarios—nature, development, protection, and TDR—using the PLUS model. These scenarios are combined with 2030 projections of energy consumption and socio-economic development generated by a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and evaluated using the carbon emission factor method. The results indicate that both urban–rural and cross-regional transfers of construction land rights positively contribute to reducing carbon emissions, and their combination yields the most significant benefits. The TDR scenario can protect the ecological environment while effectively controlling the scale of construction space. With a carbon emission level of 77.9 million tonnes, it serves as a rational choice for regional land use. This study contributes to advancing both the theory and practice of low-carbon land use and plays a significant role in optimizing land resource allocation and reducing carbon emissions.

The Regional Integrated Energy System (RIES) integrates advanced energy devices and various forms of energy, encompassing the entire process of energy production and consumption. It plays a crucial role in promoting the transformation of the energy structure and achieving the "dual carbon" goals. However, existing research on RIES faces several challenges, including low willingness for cooperative game dynamics among various Integrated Energy Systems (IES) in a multi-source context, and a lack of driving mechanisms for carbon emission offsets and trading, particularly when considering the economic viability of green certificates. To address these issues, this study proposes a multi-agent reference dependence-based framework for energy bargaining, along with a "carbon-determined certificates" green certificates allocation - transaction strategy. This approach aims to enhance the coupling of the energy-carbon-green certificate market within RIES, thereby improving its lowcarbon and economic performance. The results indicate that the introduction of the trading framework increased the total thermal energy exchange among IESs by approximately 224 kWh, enhancing the enthusiasm for cooperative gaming. Compared to a baseline scenario without strategies, the total economic costs for IESs decreased by 7.31 %, and carbon emissions were reduced by 4.49 %. Under the combined influence of the strategies and framework, the carbon emissions offset using green certificates for IES2 and IES3 increased by 501.72 kg and 323.38 kg, respectively, while energy purchase costs decreased by 3.96 % and 4.84 %. This study contributes to enhancing the low-carbon and economic performance of RIES by exploring carbon trading and green certificate trading mechanisms.

The traditional sustainable livelihood framework assumes that livelihood capital has a “complementary” effect, and that combining capitals improves the adaptability of farmers. However, this framework disregards the possibility that the “substitution” effect in the conversion of livelihood capital increases the vulnerability of farmers' livelihoods. The difference between the two lies in whether livelihood capitals are mutually exclusive or mutually reinforcing, which can result in an increased adaptive capacity for farmers. In this study, structural equation modeling and fuzzy set qualitative comparison analysis were combined. Coastal villages in Shankou Town, Guangxi, China, were analyzed in a case study to identify the incentive and restrictive livelihood capitals affecting the improvement of farmers' adaptive capacity. Moreover, the “complementary” and “substitution” effects of incentive and restrictive livelihood capitals were explored. The results indicate the existence of a “complementary” effect among incentive livelihood capitals (i.e., material, social, human, and natural capitals), which improves farmers' adaptability. Moreover, material and social capital exert a strong “complementary” effect on other capitals. Psychological and financial capital, as limiting livelihood capitals that obstruct the improvement of farmers’ adaptability, can replace both human and natural capital. When providing livelihood compensation for farmers in vulnerable areas, material and social capital with a strong “complementary” effect compensation should be prioritized, while capital with a “substitution” effect should only be compensated selectively. The priorities for policymakers are also determined to ensure both livelihood compensation and the optimal allocation of limited funds. Moreover, a reference is provided to improve the adaptive capacity of farmers in vulnerable areas.

分析欠发达地区土地流转行为的影响因素,揭示其影响机理,可为加快欠发达地区土地流转,完善流转政策提供有益参考.文章基于技术接受模型理论,利用山西省欠发达地区5307份农户样本,应用结构方程模型揭示农户土地流转行为的影响机理.结果表明:1)感知有用性和感知易用性对农户土地流转行为产生正向影响,感知有用性的作用效应强于感知易用性,其中经济感知有用性的作用效应最强.2)家庭环境、社会环境及土地环境通过影响农户土地流转感知而间接影响其土地流转行为.3)农户土地流转行为的决策路径为:外部环境因素→感知有用性→ 土地流转行为;外部环境因素→ 感知易用性→土地流转行为;外部环境→感知易用性→感知有用性→土地流转行为.由此可见,基于特定环境所形成的感知有用性和感知易用性会对土地流转行为产生显著影响.因此推动土地流转,应当立足当地实际,重点提增土地流转的经济效益,提升流转交易的便捷度.

以山西省107个县域为研究单元,基于全排列多边形综合图示法计算土地多功能利用水平值,采用空间解析几何模型测度土地多功能耦合度、协调性、综合发展程度,并以轨迹分析法进行分区,探究2005-2020年土地多功能综合发展程度及区域协调发展情况,厘清县域土地多功能利用水平综合情况.结果表明:(1)山西省土地多功能利用水平时空演化阶段特征明显,2005-2020年生产功能优势区由点状分布逐步扩散、联结,呈现集聚态势,且随着能矿经济衰退和经济转型,导致2020年集聚度较2010年明显降低;生活功能与生产功能空间格局基本一致,呈现分区集聚、南强于北的特征;生态功能相对稳定,与生产、生活功能鲜明互补.(2)土地多功能空间协调偏离度与耦合度空间分布有异但格局特征趋同;而综合发展程度与耦合度空间分异均呈阶段性变化.(3)生产与生活功能的耦合度、综合发展程度总体提升,但提升幅度小,整体水平低;生态功能微弱恢复,整体水平趋于中等;协调偏离度整体较优,但存在低水平协调.

For a long time, the research on the cultivated land abandonment behavior of farmers, caused by natural constraints such as coastal ecological environment vulnerability and frequent extreme climates, has received extensive attention. However, few scholars pay attention to the impact of psychological construction of farmers’ environmental risk perception on abandoned farming behavior, especially the use of psychological distance (PD) to quantify this abstract psychological process. Taking Shankou Town, Guangxi, China as an example, this study combines the PD in the field of sociology with the construal level theory to build a PD framework for coastal farmers. A structural equation model was used to explore the influence mechanism of the social, temporal, hypothetical, and spatial distances on farmers’ cultivated land abandonment behavior. We found that coastal land abandonment is affected by social trust and the probability of extreme weather, although the risk preference under the ‘discount rate’ is not significantly affected. At the same time, the closer the spatial distance between the residence and the coastline, the higher the abandonment of cultivated land, although with a different impact. In addition, population mobility and human-sea connection were found to play a mediating role in the effect of psychological distance on cultivated land abandonment. We confirmed that the direction of the effects of the four types of psychological distance on land abandonment behavior is not consistent. This study is helpful to understand the cultivated land abandonment behavior of farmers in coastal zone, and tries to provide reference for coastal zone planting planning.

为探究生产—生活—生态（"三生"）功能协调情况,基于综合评价模型和力学平衡模型,选用2005年、2010年和2018年土地利用类型和统计数据,测度山西省"三生"功能时空演变及协同/权衡关系特征。结果表明:（1）2005—2018年"三生"功能时空分异特征明显,生产功能为下降态势,呈现出"平原高,山区低"的分布格局;生活功能持续上升,空间分布与生产功能相似;生态功能呈上升状态,但需注意恶化倾向,空间格局稳定。（2）研究期间,"三生"功能协同性显著提升且趋势合理,空间分布与生产、生活功能趋同。（3）依据"三生"功能协调度偏离情况,划分功能主导区和提升区,明确各县域功能特征。研究结果可为国土空间规划提供依据。

探究生产-生活-生态("三生")功能耦合协调关系可为国土空间规划和区域协调发展提供依据,本研究利用耦合协调度模型、空间相关性分析和Tobit模型,选用2005、2010、2018年土地利用类型和统计数据分析山西省县域"三生"功能耦合协调度时空演化特征及相关影响因素.结果表明:(1)2005—2018年山西省县域耦合协调度水平显著提升,耦合协调变化由不合理转向合理.(2)2005—2018年山西省县域"三生"功能耦合协调度水平地域分异特征明显,整体呈现出"东西低,中部高;平原高,山地低"的空间分布格局.(3)山西省县域"三生"功能耦合协调度存在显著的空间相关性,高水平县域在平原区小规模集聚,低水平县域在山地区大范围集中.(4)山西省县域"三生"功能耦合协调度时空分异是国家宏观管制、社会经济因素、自然资源禀赋和自然地理条件综合作用的结果.

[目的]探究山西省不同县域"三生"功能时空动态演化特征并分析其影响因素,为国土空间规划提供依据.[方法]基于山西省107个县2005,2010,2018年土地利用类型和统计数据,采用综合指数模型、动态度和空间计量模型分析其"三生"功能时空演化过程及影响因素.[结果]①2005-2018年山西省"三生"功能空间分异明显,生产、生活功能格局特征趋同,呈现出"平原高,山区低"的分布格局;生态功能分布特征与生产生活相反,空间格局稳定;"三生"综合功能提升明显,表现为"南高北低,中部高东西低"的局面.②2005-2018年生产和生态功能水平缓慢变化,呈现出先上升后下降波动变化趋势;生活功能处于快速提升阶段,提升明显;"三生"综合功能持续提高,但提升缓慢."三生"功能协调性提高,但功能单一化程度较高.③"三生"功能时空分异是自然地理环境、自然资源禀赋及社会经济因素综合作用的结果,"三生"功能受制于自然地理条件,自然资源禀赋是"三生"功能的基础和保障,社会经济因素则是"三生"功能的主要驱动力.[结论]山西省各县域需要在自然地理条件约束和经济社会转型发展背景下,促进"三生"功能各自提升与彼此协调,需要在明确各自主体功能定位的基础上,因地制宜,合理发展,依托自身区域优势与资源禀赋,构建起利益联结机制,推动山西省整体协调可持续发展.

为确保新时期耕地资源数量、质量、生态"三位一体"的可持续发展和国家对耕地资源的统筹管理,基于多源多尺度数据,采用聚类分析方法和GIS的空间分析功能,从宏观尺度上将山西省划分为13个耕地质量类型区,并以微观视角从地形、土壤和生态3个维度构建各类型区的评价指标体系,以探究耕地自然质量空间分布特征.结果表明,从耕地自然质量类型区来看,受土层厚度和土壤侵蚀强度等因素影响,晋南盆地区、忻定太盆地区和晋东南盆地丘陵区整体质量要好于其他区,且将生态指标融入评价体系,可以增强结果的科学性;从空间格局来看,山西省耕地自然质量等别基本符合正态分布,1～6等地占耕地总面积的77.07％,主要分布在盆地区,是重要的生产粮基地,其中,5～6等地分布面积最广,占耕地总面积的41.92％;7～10等地主要分布于多山地区,耕地自然质量差,是重要的提升潜力区.耕地自然质量空间分异受多因素综合影响,今后应因地制宜,加强土地整治工作,以确保粮食生态安全.

为探究芋头水溶性多糖的免疫活性功能,本文用DEAE-52纤维素阴离子交换柱层析对由水提醇沉的方法得到芋头水溶性粗多糖进行分离纯化,并利用Sephadex G-200凝胶柱层析、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和傅里叶红外光谱分析其组成结构.再通过CCK-8试剂法、中性红吞噬实验、Griess法和酶联免疫吸附法测定其对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖活性、吞噬能力以及分泌NO和细胞因子能力的影响.结果 表明,得到的两种芋头水溶性多糖TPS1和TPS2纯度分别为87.4％和81.5％.TPS1主要成分为含有甘露糖的α型中性多糖,TPS2主要成分为含有硫酸基团的β型吡喃酸性多糖.细胞实验表明TPS1和TPS2在25～400 μg/mL浓度范围内对RAW264.7无毒害作用.其中,TPS1能够显著提高该细胞的中性红吞噬能力(P＜0.05),吞噬指数最大可达到空白对照组的2.07倍;TPS2则具有更强的促进NO、细胞因子分泌的作用.TPS1和TPS2作用下的NO分泌量分别为空白对照组的3.07倍和4.57倍,TNF-α的分泌量为空白对照组的3.04倍和3.76倍,IL-1β的分泌量为空白对照组的1.37和1.54倍.以上结果表明,TPS1和TPS2均具有免疫调节的功能,有望进一步开发作为免疫调节剂添加到食品中.

[目的]探究黄土丘陵区土地利用方式变化前后土壤养分及生态化学计量比的变化特征,为该区农业生产以及生态恢复工作提供科学依据.[方法]选取山西省永和县岔口小流域因生态工程的实施而改变土地利用方式的坡改梯地(梯田)、退耕还林地(林地)、地埂核桃园地(园地)3种样地为研究对象,以现有坡耕地为对照,利用时空互代法,比较不同土地利用方式变化前后0-20 cm,20 40 cm土壤C,N,P,K含量以及生态化学计量比的差异.[结果]①流域各种生态恢复措施实施后,土壤C,N元素含量明显增加,梯田、林地、园地0-40 cm土壤有机C含量分别是坡耕地的1.38,2.44和1.09倍,全N含量分别是坡耕地的1.76,2.66,1.68倍.P,K元素增加量不明显,林地相比其他2种土地利用方式对C.N元素的固持更加明显;②通过分析土壤养分化学计量比的关系,发现流域土壤的限制性元素为C,N元素;③流域土壤养分及计量比之间存在着稳定的耦合关系,C-N之间的耦合关系最为显著且在各元素和生态化学计量比稳定方面发挥着重要作用.[结论]流域3种土地利用方式有效地改变了土壤全量养分含量和元素的生态化学计量比,有利于流域的生态保护和植被修复.

采用物性测定仪、色差计和扫描电镜等对腐竹物理性质进行测定.以腐竹得率、食用品质等作为综合性评价指标,研究其原料组分与品质之间的相互联系,优化腐竹生产工艺条件.结果表明:当豆浆质量分数6％、pH 8.0、揭膜温度90 ℃、蛋白质与脂肪质量比3∶1、蛋白质与总糖质量比4∶1时,所得腐竹得率最高,为43.13％,拉伸强度为12.46 g/mm2,延伸率为9.85％;且当豆浆中11S与7S蛋白质量比为4∶1时,腐竹食用品质最好;与传统生产工艺相比,得率和拉伸强度分别提高了10.11％和74.02％,以综合因素(得率、机械性能和色泽等)进行评分,优化腐竹比传统企业生产工艺的腐竹评分高17.7％.