Lateral branching is an important agronomic trait in horticulture plants. The aim of this project was to reveal the genetic mechanism, map the gene localization, and predict candidate genes of watermelon lateral branching. An F2 segregating population was derived from a cross between the multibranched maternal inbred line M6 and the branchless paternal inbred line N7. Two DNA pools were constructed using 20 multibranched plants and 20 branchless plants from the F2 population. Whole-genome resequencing was performed for the DNA pools (25×) and the parents (30×) to identify the genomic region associated with lateral branching. Candidate genes were predicted based on the gene annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses; then, quantitative validation of these genes was performed. The results showed that the clean reads of four samples yielded 64,295,076 to 81,658,958 bp, with sufficient genome coverage and high quality. Based on single-nucleotide polymorphism and insertions/deletions association analyses, the candidate genes were mapped to a 2.01-Mb region on chromosome 4 (22,958,925–24,971,894 bp) containing 182 annotated genes. During the KEGG and GO enrichment analyses, these genes were annotated to 10 cellular components, 10 molecular functions, and 12 biological processes. Eight candidate genes responsible for the branchless phenotype in watermelon were identified: Cla97C04G076340, Cla97C04G075820, Cla97C04G076060, Cla97C04G076250, Cla97C04G076280, Cla97C04G076380, Cla97C04G076830, and Cla97C04G075950. These genes were involved in amino acid biosynthesis and catabolism, TCP transcription factor activity, and regulation of flower development. This study offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms governing the branchless phenotype in watermelon. These candidate genes serve as potential targets for gene cloning and marker-assisted selection of watermelon cultivars without lateral branches.

为准确评价旱砂西瓜香气品质,采集甘肃靖远主栽的9份旱砂西瓜资源为实验材料进行果实挥发性香气成分鉴定分析.采用变异系数和灰色关联分析综合评价西瓜的15个主要品质性状,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法,对西瓜挥发性香气成分进行测定,结合主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA),对西瓜起主要贡献的挥发性香气成分进行鉴定和分析.西瓜15个主要品质性状的灰色关联分析结果表明,康乐6号、硒砂1号和陇科13号依次位列前三,综合品质优.9份旱砂西瓜资源共检测出77种挥发性香气成分,其中康乐6号含有37种香气成分,特有香气成分10种,香气种类最为丰富.挥发性香气PCA将9份旱砂西瓜资源分为4类,第1类为陇科13号、老金城、新金城、老金城5号、金花1号和陇星金城,第2类为康乐6号,第3类为硒砂1号,第4类为林丰巨星,并鉴定出4类西瓜资源中分别起主要贡献的香气成分.此外,西瓜挥发性香气成分数量与西瓜综合品质灰色关联系数存在显著正相关,表明品质性状优异的西瓜资源通常含有较为丰富的挥发性香气成分.

旱塘甜瓜产区是我国最西北露地厚皮甜瓜的重要生产基地之一,年种植规模达4万hm2.为了促进我国西北旱塘甜瓜产业可持续发展,笔者介绍了机械化做塘、适宜品种与栽培茬口选择、水肥管理、植株调整、果实管理及病虫害综合防治等技术,可为当地生产者提供参考.

从茬口安排、整地施肥、育苗、定植、定植后管理、整枝留瓜、授粉、病虫害防治、适时采收等方面介绍了西瓜新品种陇科2号大棚优质高效栽培技术.

以多分枝西瓜品种陇抗9号与不分枝西瓜品种无杈早为试材,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱的分析方法,研究分析不同分枝西瓜品种生长过程中引哚甲酸(ICA)、引哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素(Z)、二氢玉米素(DHZ)、脱落酸(ABA)等内源激素含量的变化.结果 显示,在伸蔓期与果实膨大初期,不分枝西瓜品种叶片中ICA、IAA+ICA含量显著高于多分枝西瓜品种;在整个生长期,不分枝西瓜品种叶片中Z、DHZ+Z含量低于多分枝品种;且不分枝西瓜品种的(ICA+IAA)/(Z+DHZ)、(ICA+IAA)/ABA、(ICA+IAA)/(GA1+GA3+GA4+GA7)在伸蔓期与果实膨大初期显著高于多分枝品种.由此可见,较高含量的ICA对西瓜侧枝的分生有抑制作用,较高含量的Z与DHZ对西瓜侧枝的形成有促进作用;(ICA+IAA)/(Z+DHZ)、(ICA+IAA)/ABA、(ICA+IAA)/(GA1+GA3+GA4+GA7)的较高比值不利于西瓜侧枝的形成.

介绍了利用四倍体花粉授粉、弱X射线照射花粉授粉、坐果灵处理瓜胎等获得二倍体无籽西瓜果实的技术.

从新疆引进9个哈密瓜品种在高台县露地栽培,调查其田间长势、生育期、抗病性、抗逆性、坐果率,并结合室内品质与产量考察等综合分析.试验结果表明,西州蜜25号、西州蜜17号、西州蜜21号、欣红蜜5号4个品种综合表现良好,适宜在高台县露地栽培.

从品种选择、 整地施肥、 育苗定植、 田间管理、 病虫害防治、 适时采收等方面总结了双杆双膜塑料大棚白兰瓜砂膜双覆栽培技术.

陇抗11号是以高代自交系96A08为母本、 杂一代96H25为父本配制而成的优良花皮大果型西瓜三交种.该品种生长势旺盛,田间高抗西瓜枯萎病,耐旱性强;全生育期98 d,果实发育期34 d,易坐果;果实椭圆形,皮色深绿上覆墨绿色中齿条,果皮硬韧,耐贮运;中心含糖量11.8％～12.3％,中边糖梯度小,瓤色红,瓤质酥,风味口感好,品质优良;平均单瓜重5.2 kg.适宜在西北生态区甘肃省及同类地区春夏季露地种植.

'Yinyun'is a new medium ripening cultivar, which selected from a cross'09 W26'and'09 w28'in 2009 on field.'09 W26'was isolated from the progeny of'Tainong No.2'which from Taiwan'Nongyou'and inbreeded for eight generations.'09 w28'was isolated from the progeny of the United States melon and inbreeded for eight generations. The fruit is oval shape and white pericarp color. The melon placenta color is orange and flesh thickness is 4.5-5.0 cm, the soluble solid content of central flesh is above 16.5％ and the contains of vitamin C is 0.199 mg · g-1.The average fruit weight is about 2.24 kg. The color of seed coat is cream and the 1 000-seed-weight is about 40. It should be cultivated from February to June in the protected field in Lanzhou (103.2 degrees east longitude and 36.0 degrees north latitude). The plant growth period is about 95 days, and the fruit growth period is 45 days.From may to August, the plant growth period and fruit mature period are 85 days and 40 days, respectively. The plants are resistant to powdery mildew and downy mildew and other several leaf disease.This variety shows higher resistance to external stresses, such as low temperature and poor light, it also has wide adaptability. It has good transportation and storing. It is also suitable to cultivate in plastic shed or greenhouse. The average yield can reached 3 600 kg per 667 m2.The optimum seedling density is 1 800-2 200 plants per 667 m2 in Facility cultivation. The planting spacing in the rows and spacing between rows are about (55-60) cm × (50-65) cm. For vertical-culture, one vine can be remained, and for creeping-culture, three to four vines can be remained. In field cultivation, the optimum planting density is 1 200 plants per 666.7 m2, the planting spacing are about (50-55) cm× (100-120) cm. The fertilization is mainly used in base fertilizers including manure and N, P, K compound fertilizers. The water must be controlled strictly during flowering and irrigation should be stopped one week prior to harvest.

'Gantian No.2' is a new oriental melon F1 hybrid developed by crossing '09G25' as female parent and '09G05'as male parent.It is of medium maturity.The total growing period is about 95 days.The plant has strong growth vigor.The fruit development period is about 30 days.Its fruit is of pyriform shape with smooth surface.Its peel is white in color,and with light yellow when the fruit is ripened.The single fruit weight is about 350 g.The flesh is white in color with 2.0 cm in thickness.The soluble solid content in central flesh is 12.0%-14.0%.It tastes crisp and refreshing.It is easy in setting fruit and has good tolerance for transportation.It can yield 30.00-36.75 t·hm-2.In field its resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew is stronger than that of the contrast 'Qianyu 200' .It is suitable for cultivation in solar greenhouse and under plastic shed.

陇科12号是以自交系14KH12为母本，以自交系14KH01为父本配制而成的中晚熟大果型西瓜一代杂种。植株生长势强，全生育期103 d（天）左右，果实发育期40 d（天）左右；果实椭圆形，果皮翠绿色覆墨绿色中齿条带，厚1.0 cm左右；果肉红色，质地酥脆，中心可溶性固形物含量12.6%左右，边部可溶性固形物含量10.0%左右；单果质量6 kg左右，高抗西瓜枯萎病，产量4 300 kg · （667 m~2） -1 左右。适宜甘肃省或同类型气候区域露地种植。

The aim of this experiment was to study the relationship between yield and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves of different ecological types of watermelon during flowering period.Eleven watermelon varieties with different ecotypes were grew in gravel-mulched field (water shortage) and normal water supply condition,the malondialdehyde (MDA),proline content and antioxidant enzymes activity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves were measured.The results showed that there existed marked drought stress in gravel-mulched field,yields of all types of watermelon were decreased,being 18.6％ ～ 35.3％ and 59.7％ ～ 67.8％ in large fruit size and small fruit size,respectively,suggesting that large fruit size possessed stronger drought resistance than that of small one.In addition,there were significant differences among varieties.Under drought stress,MDA,proline content,as well as SOD,POD,CAT activity in leaves were increased,indicating that watermelon was sensitive to drought.Moreover,the response of watermelon to drought were variety dependent.The content of proline,activity of SOD,POD,CAT in large fruit size varieties in creased by 83.2％ ～ 121.4％,55.2％ ～ 75.3％,118.1％ ～ 204.4％,52.0％ ～ 86.6％,respectively,the range was greater than that of small fruit size varieties,meanwhile,the content of MDA increased by 13.4％ ～ 39.8％,the range was smaller than that of small fruit size.Taking fruit yield and physiological response into consideration,we argued that all ecotypes of watermelons gained a certain yield level under gravel-mulched conditions,and large fruit watermelon had a stronger drought resistance than small fruit did.Zhongqing 9,NWU-13,Longkang 9,Longkang 11,JY12 and Jinkang 5 had stronger drought resistance,which may be suitable for gravel-mulched field.

旱砂田西瓜间作花生栽培模式是提高半干旱地区旱作农业种植效益的一项重要举措,是旱地保产增收的有效途径.现从促进旱砂田增效、增收角度出发,从品种选择、播种、田间管理等方面介绍配套关键性技术,以期为相关种植人员提供参考.

甘肃是我国重要的蜜瓜生产基地之一,栽培历史悠久,种质资源丰富,产品品质优良.近年来甘肃蜜瓜栽培面积稳定在1.34万hm2以上,集中产区主要有民勤县、瓜州县、金塔县、敦煌市,栽培面积达1.0万hm2,占全省播种面积的75％以上;由于蜜瓜生产效益显著、消费需求旺盛,栽培面积逐年增加;但劳动力成本迅速上涨和农村从业人口老龄化是制约我省蜜瓜产业发展的重要因素之一,如何在新形势下发展蜜瓜产业,有效保障蜜瓜产品市场供给,增加瓜农收入,是今后很长一段时间内我省蜜瓜产业所必须解决的重要课题.

In order to select suitable Lanzhou area cultivated watermelon varieties,the introduction of the three large fruit varieties and six small watermelon fruit watermelon varieties Variety. The results showed that large watermelon fruit good performance Longkang 11 and Black Beauty . The Longkang 11 average fruit weight 5.32 kg,sugar content of 11.5%,good flavor,good storage, the average yield of 79 857.14 kg/hm2 . Black Beauty the average fruit weight 4.87 kg,the sugar content of 11.8%,good flavor, good crack resistance,very good storage,the average yield of 73 071.43 kg/hm2. Small Watermelon good performance Jinglei and Longfengzaoxin . The Jinglei average fruit weight 4.32 kg, sugar content of 12.3%, good flavor, representing storage and transportation,equivalent yield 64 857.14 kg/hm2. The Longfengzaoxin average fruit weight 3.65 kg,the sugar content of 10.5%, crisp and refreshing,crack,very good storage,equivalent yield of 60 785.71 kg/hm2 . The performance of the tested varieties and integrated regional market demand Lanzhou believe that the large fruit watermelon varieties Longkang 11,Black Beauty Jinglei and Longfengzaoxin suitable Lanzhou areas cultivated .

瓜州蜜瓜是指在瓜州县特定的人文、地理、气候等环境条件下种植的厚皮甜瓜总称。瓜州县种植蜜瓜历史比较悠久，所产白兰瓜、黄河蜜等在20世纪60、70年代就走俏市场。瓜州蜜瓜有4个系列30多个品种，质脆汁多，香甜可口，清爽宜人，含糖量达14%～19%，是消暑止渴的佳品，2011年被列为中国农产品地理标志保护产品。近年来，瓜州县积极引进先进种植技术，全力做大“甜蜜产业”，在传统大田种植的基础上，推行蜜瓜大棚高效安全种植技术，拉长蜜瓜的市场供应期，抢占市场份额，实现了效益最大化。

甘肃省河西走廊是玉米、瓜菜、花卉、牧草种子的主要生产基地之一,其中西甜瓜种子生产面积已达到2 000 hm2(3万亩),年产种子近千吨.杂交西瓜制种是一项劳动密集型产业,传统西瓜杂交制种采用人工授粉,授粉期间每个劳动力平均每天工作10 ～ 12 h(小时),每个生产季节只能完成333～667 m2(0.5～1.0亩)制种田的授粉工作,若雇佣人员,不仅成本高、管理不便,且种子质量难以保证.而用蜜蜂辅助授粉,瓜农授粉雇工成本每667m2可以降低500元,增收130元,不但投资少,效益高,还易于大面积推广,扩大种植面积.

甘肃省是全国重要的瓜类生产省份之一，西甜瓜栽培历史悠久。近年来，随着“菜篮子”工程和国家西甜瓜产业技术体系项目的实施，通过新品种选育、引进筛选、示范推广，甘肃省西甜瓜杂交种应用率达85%以上，良种普及率达90%以上，加快了全省品种更新换代步伐，增强了产品市场竞争力。新优品种的应用，在促进甘肃省西甜瓜产业的持续健康快速发展上发挥了重要的作用，2012年甘肃省各类西甜瓜品种应用总面积达4.9万hm2（西瓜3.5万hm2，甜瓜1.4万hm2），总产量230.72万t（西瓜175.52万t，甜瓜55.2万t），总产值达29.55亿元，仅次于粮食、蔬菜和果树，居种植业的第四位，西甜瓜已成为甘肃省农民增收、农业增效的一大特色支柱产业。

Mlo gene encodes an important transmembrane protein that is involved in biotic/abiotic stresses. Using the method of homologous, we cloned a Mlo gene from melon, named CmMlo1. The gene is 1551 bp in length, encoding 516 amino acids; it has seven-transmembrane domain topology and is a typical transmembrane protein. Localization analysis in onion epidermal cells showed that CmMlo1-GFP is localized to the plasma membrane. RT-PCR results indicated that CmMlo1 is mainly expressed in melon cotyledon and flower, with a tissue-specific distribution manner. CmMlo1 expression is not obvious under powdery mildew stress, but under cadmium stress, its expression was significantly up-regulated, indicating that CmMlo1 is possibly involved in abiotic stress.