AP2/ERF transcription factors regulate plants’ growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, the seed germination rate and seedling growth were reduced in the tomato slerf4-9 mutant. The fresh weight, drought weight, number of primary lateral roots (LRs), average root diameter, and number of root tips were also decreased in the mutant. The findings suggest that SlERF4-9 plays a significant role in root growth and development. The results of RNA-seq analysis of young roots indicated that the mutation of SlERF4-9 did not affect the expression of genes related to auxin biosynthesis or signal transduction, but it did reduce the expression of the auxin efflux carrier genes SlAEC2 and SlPIN5. Moreover, the mutation of SlERF4-9 affected the distribution of auxin in the roots of DR5 × WT and DR5 × slerf4-9 hybrid tomato seedlings. However, the promoters of SlAEC2 and SlPIN5 do not possess the GCC-box or DRE elements, suggesting that SlERF4-9 does not directly regulate their transcription. In addition, the expression levels of the two Cycling DOF Factors (CDFs) SlCDF1 and SlCDF3 decreased in the roots of the slerf4-9 mutant. Moreover, the GCC-box was present in the promoters of SlCDF1 and SlCDF3. Therefore, exploring the regulatory relationships between SlERF4-9, SlCDF1/3, and SlAEC2/SlPIN5 will further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tomato root growth and development.

沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)别名沙蓬,一年生藜科沙蓬属植物,是干旱、半干旱荒漠地区特有的沙生植物,具有生命力顽强、繁殖速度快、繁育周期短和光合效率高的特点,对风沙等恶劣环境适应性较强,被誉为"固沙先锋"[1-6].沙米在我国沙区具有较长的采食历史,至今仍有食用沙米的习惯.现代研究发现,沙米具有较高的营养价值,其蛋白质平均含量为21％左右,且氨基酸模式接近于人体蛋白质氨基酸模式,可以被较好的被人体吸收;富含人体必需的钙、铁、锌和碘等微量元素,其铁元素含量高于小麦粉、苦荞麦和大米等粮食作物;沙米中黄酮、三萜和生物碱等活性成分含量较高,具有保肝、降糖和降血脂的作用,是一种天然绿色高蛋白食品[7-13].

APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF), a plant-specific transcription factor (TF) family, plays an essential role in the growth and development of plants, and in their response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, information on AP2/ERF in Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), an edible and medicinal vegetable used worldwide, is scarce. A total of 212 AP2/ERF genes were identified in the C. moschata genome (CmoAP2/ERFs). Based on phylogenetic analysis, they were divided into four groups—28 AP2s, 92 ERFs, 86 dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) factors, and 6 ABI3/VPs (RAV). The 212 AP2/ERF genes were unevenly distributed on the 20 chromosomes of C. moschata. The results of structural analysis showed the absence of introns on 132 CmoAP2/ERFs. Four pairs of tandem duplication and 155 pairs of segmental duplication events were identified, which indicated that segmental duplications might be the main reason for the expansion of the CmoAP2/ERF family. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) showed that most of the CmoAP2/ERFs contained hormone response elements (ABREs, EREs) in their promoters, suggesting that AP2/ERFs could contribute to the processes regulated by ethylene and abscisic acid. By comparing the transcriptome of ethephon-treated and control plants, we found that 16 CmoAP2/ERFs were significantly upregulated after ethephon treatment. Furthermore, we determined the expression patterns of these genes at different developmental stages of female and male flowers. This study provides insights into the identification, classification, physicochemical property, phylogenetic analysis, chromosomal location, gene structure, motif identification, and CRE prediction of the AP2/ERF superfamily in C. moschata. Sixteen CmoAP2/ERF genes were identified as ethylene-inducible genes. The results of this study will be valuable for understanding the roles of CmoAP2/ERFs in ethylene response and should provide a foundation for elucidating the function of AP2/ERF TFs in C. moschata.

With Agriophyllum sargassum powder, mixed grain powder, mixed beans powder and filling powder as the main raw material, the D-optimal mixture design was used to study the effect of different mix proportion on the comprehensive score of simulated Agriophyllum sargassum compound meal replacement powder, the regression model was established between comprehensive score with distribution proportion, the interaction effect of each raw material in the formulations was researched, the optimal formulations of Agriophyllum sargassum compound meal replacement powder was determined as follows: Agriophyllum sargassum powder 22%, mixed grain powder 39%, mixed beans powder 35% and filling powder 4%. Under this formula condition, the protein nutrition value analysis of meal replacement powder showed that the SRCAA and EAAI values of meal replacement powder were 82.02 and 63.14, respectively, indicating that the protein nutrition of meal replacement powder was better. Combined with BV, NI, SRCAA and EAAI indexes, the nutritional value of meal replacement meal protein was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the Agriophyllum sargassum compound meal replacement powder had higher nutritional value.

以沙蓬[Agriophyllum squarrosum(L.)Moq.]为材料,研究人工种植条件下沙蓬的生育期和农艺性状,以期获得最佳的人工种植条件.研究了不同播种期、施肥类型和播种量对沙蓬生育进程、产量和产量构成因素的影响,以期探索沙蓬在宁夏沙荒地适宜的播种期、施肥类型和播种量.结果表明,沙蓬适宜在5月上旬播种,播种量为7.50～15.0 kg/hm2;当种植密度为12.00 kg/hm2时,施复合肥沙蓬产量可达到779.1 kg/hm2,与其他处理间存在明显差异.因此,可以通过人工种植来改变沙蓬的农艺性状.

以肉苁蓉超微粉为原料,采用湿法制粒工艺制备肉苁蓉咀嚼片.采用单因素试验分别研究肉苁蓉超微粉、矫味剂、填充剂添加量对咀嚼片感官品质的影响.以感官评分作为评价指标,应用响应面分析法优化肉苁蓉咀嚼片配方,得到最佳配方:肉苁蓉超微粉13.84 g、微晶纤维素12.76 g、甘露醇12.76 g、乳糖6.38 g、甜菊糖苷0.04 g、柠檬酸0.15 g、复合维生素B0.5 g、硬脂酸镁0.3 g、羧甲基纤维素0.5 g.品质检测结果表明,肉苁蓉咀嚼片色泽均匀,酸甜适口,易于咀嚼,灰分含量为2.29％,蛋白质和脂肪含量分别为2.98和0.78 g/100 g.咀嚼片中总黄酮和总多糖含量分别为2.13和12.29 g/100 g.体外抗氧化试验结果显示,肉苁蓉咀嚼片具有一定的抗氧化能力.该配方稳定可行,有一定的应用价值,为肉苁蓉资源的综合利用提供了理论科学依据.

沙米是分布在荒漠、沙丘及沙地中的固沙先锋植物,茎秆可作饲草,种子具有丰富的营养价值.本研究引种收集宁夏、甘肃及内蒙3个省区的11份沙米种质资源,在沙质土壤地进行人工种植.运用SSR分子标记技术探究不同沙米种质资源的遗传多样性,共得到39条多态性扩增条带,多态百分率为66.1％.UPGMA聚类将其按遗传亲缘关系(相似系数0.71)分为4类.同时比较了 11份沙米种质资源的物候期、生物学特性、功能成分及产量差异.结果显示,经人工种植后的宁夏沙米和内蒙古沙米在外观形态、数量性状及营养品质方面表现较优.研究结果为筛选优良沙米种质资源、人工种植繁育及营养保健产品的开发利用奠定了基础.

为明确不同马铃薯资源的疮痂病抗性水平和遗传背景,本研究利用孢悬液灌根法鉴定了 70份马铃薯资源的疮痂病抗性,选用9对SSR标记引物,对70份马铃薯资源进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明,70份马铃薯资源中,疮痂病高抗资源5份,中抗资源18份,低感资源24份,中感资源10份,高感资源5份,重感资源8份;9对SSR引物对70份资源可扩增得到95个位点,其中多态性条带83个,多态性条带百分率为87.4％;UPGMA聚类表明,70份资源遗传相似性系数在0.53～0.97之间,以阈值0.53分为2大类群,Aquila、LBr-33、Z2843份高抗资源分布在第一类群;redsen和fita 2份高抗资源分布在第二类群.5份高抗和18份中抗马铃薯资源间的相似性系数在0.273～0.879之间,其中中抗品种'悄悄黄'和中抗资源D26-27间遗传相似性系数最小为0.273,中抗品种'Desince'和中抗品种'fink'之间遗传相似性系数最大为0.879.该研究筛选出了疮痂病抗性资源,明确了抗性资源间的遗传相似性系数,为马铃薯疮痂病抗病育种亲本选配提供了材料和理论依据.

沙米是一种野生濒危植物资源,通过野生变家种的栽培技术实现了生态保护,避免了由于人工过度采收野生资源出现的生态破坏,为保护和开发利用沙米这一野生的植物资源提供了可行途径.基于此,结合实际情况和实际需求,本文对沙米的人工种植进行深入研究,总结出沙米野生变家种种植技术,旨在为推动沙米规模化种植及产业化发展.

隐花色素相关基因对植物发育过程起着重要的调控作用,是改良作物农艺性状及抗逆性等性状的基因资源.基于已建立的马铃薯遗传转化体系,将携带大豆隐花色素CRY2基因植物表达载体(pearlygate104-Glyma.10G180600,pearlygate104-Glyma.20G209900)转化马铃薯栽培种'大西洋',经PCR、RT-PCR检测获得阳性株系25个,研究三种不同光照周期(长日照,中日照,短日照)和旱、盐胁迫处理对转基因株系生长的影响.结果 表明,随着光照时间的增加,转基因株系株高显著降低,叶片数量、叶面积、茎粗均显著增加,与对照相比,外源大豆隐花色素基因CRY2的表达提高了马铃薯对光信号的反应能力;以10％ PEG和120 mmol/L NaCl分别模拟旱、盐处理,获得了株高、根长等生长指标显著优于对照的转基因株系,脯氨酸、丙二醛等生理检测结果进一步验证了隐花色素基因CRY2能够显著提高马铃薯的抗逆性.研究结果为利用基因工程技术培育马铃薯抗逆种质材料提供了重要理论指导与技术支撑.

GATA转录因子是一类广泛存在于真核植物中的转录因子,GATA转录因子具有锌指结构,是锌指蛋白家族的成员之一.为了进一步分析马铃薯中GATA基因的结构与功能,本研究以马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)栽培品种'陇薯3号'为材料,克隆了 StGATA12转录因子编码基因,分析了其序列特征、表达模式,并分析了该基因在马铃薯不同组织中的表达量.结果表明马铃薯GATA 12基因序列含有一个全长为1 407bp的开放阅读框,编码一个由437个氨基酸残基构成、分子量为49.22 kD、理论等电点为6.55的蛋白.StGATA12转录因子含有C-X2-C-X18-C-X2-C锌指环,属于GATA转录因子家族Ⅰ亚族.组织表达分析显示,StGATA12在马铃薯根、茎、花和叶中均有表达,在花中的表达量最高.本研究对GATA12基因的研究可以为作物增产提供一定的理论基础.

沙米是流动沙丘的先锋植物,生态适应性强,种子营养丰富,具有多方面的应用价值.为明确沙米种子营养组成和开发利用价值,本研究比较了沙米和7种作物种子的淀粉、蛋白质和粗脂肪等营养成分含量,以及Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn 6种微量元素含量,测定了沙米粉的超微结构、持水力、溶解度、堆积密度、休止角和滑落角等物理特性.结果表明:沙米种子的淀粉和支链淀粉含量分别为307.46 mg·g-1和185.45 mg·g-1,显著低于供试的水稻、小麦等7种作物,其直链淀粉含量为103.61 mg·g-1,与供试7种作物的含量差异较小;沙米种子蛋白质含量为107.42 mg·g-1,与小麦、糜子、燕麦无显著差异,显著高于水稻、糯米和黄米;沙米种子可溶性糖的含量为4.04 mg·g-1,显著低于供试的7种作物;沙米种子粗脂肪含量为54.93 mg·g-1,显著低于糜子、燕麦、水稻、小麦、荞麦;沙米种子富含Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn等微量元素,Ca含量达到0.229 mg·g-1,显著高于糜子、黄米、糯米和燕麦;Fe含量为30.650 mg·kg-1,显著高于黄米、糯米;Zn含量为15.735 mg·kg-1,显著高于水稻、黄米和糯米.沙米淀粉粒为1～2μm.沙米粉的持水力和溶解度分别为8.41％±0.99％和18.45％±0.02％;沙米粉的堆积密度为0.41 g·mL-1±0.03 g·mL-1,休止角和滑落角分别为62.45°±2.43°和47.86°±5.73°.研究结果表明沙米种子营养丰富,具有较大的开发潜力,为开展沙米深加工利用奠定理论依据.

Previous studies showed that ORANGE (OR) plays a key role in carotenoid biosynthesis and response to various stress. In this study, we present our discovery of the role of Arabidopsis ORANGE ( AtOR ) in regulating the ABA-dependent adaptive response to drought stress . For drought tolerance treatment, two weeks old seedlings were transplanted to pots filled with compost soil and subjected to progressive drought treatment for 20 days and re-watered for 2 days. The growth conditions of Arabidopsis were recorded after drought treatment and survival rates were analyzed after re-watering. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to investigate the transcripts levels of AtOR gene under different treatment conditions. Subcellular localization results were obtained by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Overexpression of AtOR significantly enhanced the tolerance to drought stress in Arabidopsis and AtOR was induced by drought and mannitol stresses. Compared with the Col-0 plants, overexpression lines showed slower water loss and smaller stomatal pore size after ABA treatment. Subcellular localization imaging showed that AtOR protein was localized in the chloroplasts. AtOR regulates the expression of ABA- and stress-responsive genes ( RAB18, RD29B, RD26, ADH1, ABI2, ABF2 ) to enhance the tolerance to drought stress.

GATA转录因子是广泛存在于真核植物中的一类转录因子,它是锌指蛋白家族的成员,具有锌指结构,可以识别和特异性结合DNA序列。在调控植物开花时间、叶片延伸、花的发育以及光周期和光信号转导、叶绿素合成和碳、氮代谢调节等生物学过程中发挥重要作用。研究GATA家族的基因可以为作物增产提供一定的理论基础。本研究对转StGATA12基因的株系进行了生理生化分析,结果表明:转基因株系表现出叶面积、茎直径及单株结薯量增加的性状;叶绿素含量、淀粉含量增加;激素含量发生变化。由此可知,StGATA12转录因子在马铃薯叶绿素合成及激素平衡方面起着重要的调控作用。本研究初步阐明了StGATA12转录因子在马铃薯发育过程中的生物学功能和作用机制,丰富了植物GATA12基因的功能研究,并为培育优良的马铃薯新品种提供理论参考。

马铃薯疮痂病是由链霉菌(Streptomyces. spp)引起的土传病害,在我国马铃薯产区普遍发生,病原菌的积累造成疮痂病发病程度呈逐年加重,严重影响马铃薯产业发展.本文阐述了马铃薯疮痂病的危害,分析了马铃薯疮痂病抗性资源筛选和分子标记在抗病育种中的重要性,提出了筛选抗病种质资源、培育抗病品种是防治疮痂病经济有效的途径.

枸杞是药食同源的植物,具有重要的药用价值和经济价值,枸杞遗传背景复杂,对其种质资源遗传变异和种质资源的遗传背的研究还不充分.本研究对24个枸杞种质资源采用SSR分子标记进行了遗传多样性.在17对SSR引物上共检测到96个条带,其中有59条多态性条带,多态性条带比率为61.5％.每个SSR位点的PIC值为0.37～0.60,平均值为0.45.NTSYS类平均法聚类结果显示,24份枸杞供试品种遗传相似性系数介于0.263～0.954之间,在相似系数0.56处被分为9大类群.这将为进一步开展枸杞种质资源评价、新品种选育和合理利用提供科学院依据.

为明确不同原生地沙米的生长特性和遗传多样性,在宁夏、甘肃、内蒙古等不同原生地设置样方开展物候期调查、形态学观察、种子营养成分分析,利用SSR分子标记对3个省、自治区的17个自然居群沙米进行遗传多样性分析,获得如下结果:不同原生地沙米的物候期、器官形态和种子营养成分含量有差异,其中甘肃民勤地区的沙米株高达20～135 cm,种子千粒重达1.59 g,淀粉含量达307.46 mg·g-1、蛋白质含量达103.36 mg·g-1、粗脂肪含量达54.90 mg·g-1,均优于甘肃武威、宁夏银川市和内蒙古阿拉善地区的沙米;3个省、自治区的17份自然居群的沙米种质资源遗传多样性分析,检测到76个条带,其中有39条多态性条带,多态性比率为51.3％;利用NTSYSpc(Version 2.10e)软件计算出17份沙米种质资源遗传相似性系数介于0.28～0.71之间.以0.58作为相似性系数分界点,将17份沙米资源聚为3类,其中宁夏滨河新区的资源聚为一类,内蒙古阿拉善地区9号资源和其他地区的15份资源均来自腾格里沙漠腹地,各聚为一类.研究表明供试沙米资源的物候期、形态特征、种子营养成分及遗传多样性均与原生地的生态地理环境具有一定相关性.

采用分子生物学、形态学及生理检测等方法对转化HaBA DH马铃薯无性一代2个株系目的基因整合情况,耐盐性鉴定及农艺性状进行了检测与分析.经PCR、RT-PCR及Southern blot分析,验证HaBA DH基因稳定存在于转基因无性一代株系基因组中.当120 mmol/L NaCl持续胁迫20 d后,转基因无性一代株系表现出较强的抗盐能力,B10及B22株高平均增幅均达到15 cm,冠径平均增幅均达到12 cm,对照株高和冠径平均增幅分别达到5 cm和7 cm,平均单株结薯重量分别较对照重9 g和2 g,平均单株结薯数量较对照高0.53个和12.28个,Pro含量显著上升,MDA含量显著下降,进一步表明了转入HaBADH基因可稳定提高马铃薯的耐盐性.

随着宁夏马铃薯产业的发展及马铃薯消费市场的变化,对马铃薯育种工作提出了越来越高的要求.本文在对宁夏马铃薯品种种植情况以及企业、农民对马铃薯品种的需求情况进行调研的基础上,结合宁夏传统育种工作中存在的问题,提出了加强利用生物技术推动马铃薯育种工作创新发展的方向与思路.

NAC转录因子参与植物非生物胁迫反应,是改良植物抗旱耐盐性的重要基因资源.本研究利用农杆菌介导法对马铃薯栽培种大西洋进行遗传转化,并用PEG-6000模拟干旱处理转基因和受体植株,初步从逆境应答基因和内源激素2个方面对转基因株系进行了抗旱性分析.结果 表明,在3个转基因株系中转HaNA C1基因马铃薯生长素(IAA、IBA)、细胞分裂素(IP、cZ)、茉莉酸(MEJA、JA-ILE)、水杨酸(MESA)、赤霉素(GA3)含量均显著或极显著高于受体,而脱落酸(ABA)含量显著低于受体.抗逆相关基因荧光定量PCR分析表明,HaNA C1基因过表达植株中与胁迫应答相关的LEA3、DREB2A、RD29a、NCED1、KIN1和ERD11基因表达量与受体存在显著或极显著差异.现有实验数据表明,转基因马铃薯中HaNAC1可能通过调节与胁迫响应相关的一系列基因表达,调控激素表达水平变化从而提高受体的抗旱性.研究结果为深入解析HaNAC1响应干旱胁迫的分子机制提供基础理论依据.