Soil metabolites serve as critical cues that orchestrate the assembly of microbial communities. However, the precise mechanisms by which specific chemical signals mediate plant–microbiome interactions to enhance disease resistance remain elusive. In particular, how engineered nanomaterials, such as SiO2 NPs, leverage this metabolic signaling to promote the establishment of disease-suppressive microbiomes is largely unexplored. We integrated metagenomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics to elucidate the synergy between SiO2 NP–driven soil metabolic reprogramming and the establishment of biocontrol bacteria. We first demonstrated that SiO2 NPs inhibited potato common scab in a dose-dependent manner and drove significant shifts in soil microbial community structure and network complexity. We identified Bacillus as a core SiO2 NP–responsive taxon, and experiments showed that Bacillus velezensis strain PH3-11 inhibited pathogenic Streptomyces, with isovaleric acid emerging as a candidate antimicrobial metabolite associated with this antagonistic activity. Metabolomic and metagenomic analyses further indicated that SiO2 NPs stimulated inosine accumulation, and inosine was strongly associated with the community structure of SiO2 NP-responsive biomarkers. Mechanistically, transcriptomic analysis showed that inosine, as a SiO2 NP–responsive metabolite, upregulated genes involved in extracellular polysaccharide synthesis in strain PH3-11 (e.g., epsD, epsN, and epsO) and markedly promoted biofilm formation by PH3-11. Field trials further confirmed a synergistic effect of co-applying inosine with strain PH3-11, which was superior to single-strain inoculation in promoting biocontrol bacterial colonization, suppressing disease, and enhancing soil microbiome stability. Our findings unveil a “nano-metabolite-microbiome” cascade, suggesting that SiO2 NPs promote the enrichment of protective biofilm-forming bacteria by reprogramming the soil metabolome and promoting inosine accumulation. This study supports an inosine-associated mechanism contributing to disease-suppressive microbiome assembly and highlights the potential of nano-enabled synbiotics to manipulate chemical–biological coupling for sustainable plant health.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth largest food crop worldwide with significant economic value and importance for food security. Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) considerably affects crop architecture and productivity in high-density planting systems; however, its molecular mechanisms in potato remain poorly understood. Potato seedlings were subjected to four light treatments: white light (control, WL), low blue light (LBL, simulating blue light attenuation by plant canopies), low red: far-red ratio (WL + FR, simulating far-red reflection from neighboring plants), and their combination (LBL + FR, simulating complete plant shade environment). An integrated analysis including morphological characterization, leaf anatomical observations, hormone quantification, transcriptome sequencing, and metabolite profiling was performed to investigate plant responses to these conditions. Morphological analysis revealed that WL + FR primarily induced internode elongation (+ 20.0

Kojic acid (KA) and ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), both natural antibacterial substances derived from microbes, are extensively utilized in biomedicine and food preservation. However, their potential in managing plant diseases, particularly soil-borne diseases, remains underexplored. This study focused on potato common scab (PCS), a global soil-borne disease caused by Streptomyces spp., to evalute the suppression effects and mechanisms of KA and ε-PL. The results showed that KA and ε-PL disrupted the mycelium’s microstructure, and caused intracellular contents leakage. The EC50 of KA against S. scabies was 589.25 μg/mL, comparable to the control 45% chunlemycin· quinoline copper suspension(CQcs) with an EC50 of 634.58 μg/mL. The EC50 of ε-PL was 261.86 μg/mL, significantly lower than the control. Notably, KA and ε-PL significantly inhibited the expression of the pathogen’s toxin gene, txtAB, reducing its level from 1.12×108 copies per milliliter of culture medium to 6.01×107 and 3.74×107 copies respectively. In potato virus-free seeding and field control experiments, KA achieved control efficacies of 89.00% and 87.13%, while ε-PL achieved 70.79% and 90.95%, respectively. Both formulations outperformed the control agent CQcs and the biocontrol strain Bacillus velezensis XM18-5. Furthermore, KA and ε-PL significantly altered soil bacterial community structure, reduced the abundance of pathogenic Streptomyces, enriched beneficial bacterial communities and improved soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity. This study confirmed the dual mechanisms of KA and ε-PL in directly antibacterial activity and reshaping the rhizosphere microecology to control potato scab disease. These findings suggest the potential for developing KA and ε-PL into new green control agents for plant diseases.

Potato common scab (PCS) is an economically important soil-borne disease whose occurrence is governed not only by pathogen virulence but also by the disease-associated microbiome and soil environment. However, studies on natural bioactive compounds have primarily focused on direct pathogen inhibition, whereas their roles in microbiome remodeling remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the antibacterial activity of kojic acid (KA) and ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) against Streptomyces scabies and evaluated their effects on PCS severity and the tuber-associated microbiome. Both KA and ε-PL significantly inhibited the growth of Streptomyces scabies G9, with ε-PL exhibiting stronger in vitro antibacterial activity. Both treatments disrupted hyphal ultrastructure, increased membrane permeability, and triggered extensive transcriptional reprogramming involving cell envelope organization, central metabolism, membrane transport, and genetic information processing. Net-house and field trials showed that both compounds substantially reduced disease severity; significant yield increases were observed in the net-house trial, whereas no significant yield differences were detected among treatments in the field trial. Microbiome analyses revealed that both compounds improved the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of tuber-associated soil, reshaped the composition and predicted functional profiles of the tuber-associated bacterial community, and reduced the relative abundance of pathogen-associated Streptomyces taxa. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations among soil environmental factors, pathogen-associated Streptomyces taxa, and disease occurrence. Collectively, these findings indicate that KA and ε-PL suppress PCS in association with direct antibacterial activity and remodeling of the tuber-associated bacterial community. This study provides insights into the potential roles of natural bioactive compounds in pathogen suppression and microbiome modulation.

Considering the sensitivity of rare microbial taxa to environmental disturbances and their critical roles in ecosystems, it is essential to investigate how soil microbial communities (particularly rare microbes) respond to pesticide exposure. In this study, we found that thiazole pesticides significantly reduced the severity of potato common scab and effectively disrupted the pathogen’s cell membrane integrity. Notably, hierarchical partitioning analysis indicated that the rare microbial taxa in potato geocaulosphere soil constitute key clusters influencing disease incidence. Within bacterial molecular ecological networks, nodes corresponding to these rare taxa generally exhibited higher degrees compared to those of more abundant taxa. However, pesticide exposure reduced the number of keystone nodes and substantially weakened the hub status of rare bacterial taxa in these networks. These findings suggest that, although thiazole pesticides effectively eradicate pathogens, they may also pose a non-negligible potential risk to rare taxa in agricultural ecosystems.

As an important noncereal food crop grown worldwide,the genetic improvement of potato in tuber yield and quality is largely constrained due to the lacking of a high-quality reference genome and understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying the formation of superior alleles.Here,a chromosome-scale haplotype-resolved genome assembled from an anther-cultured progeny of'Ningshu 15',a tetraploid variety featured by its high starch content and drought resistance was presented.The assembled genome size was 1.653 Gb,with a contig N50 of approximately 1.4 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 61 Mb.The long terminal repeat assembly index score of the two identified haplotypes of'Ningshu 15'was 11.62 and 11.94,respectively.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that positive selection occurred in gene families related to starch,sucrose,fructose and mannose metabolism,and carotenoid biosynthesis.Further genome-wide association study in 141 accessions identified a total number of 53 quantitative trait loci related to fructose,glucose,and sucrose content.Among them,a tonoplast sugar transporter encoding gene,StTST2,closely associated with glucose content was identified.Constitutive expression of StTST2 in potato and Arabidopsis increased the photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll and sugar content,biomass tuber and seed production in transgenic plants.In addition,co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that StTST2 directly interacted with SUT2.Our study provides a high-quality genome assembly and new genetic locus of potato for molecular breeding.

Potato common scab, an economically important disease worldwide, is caused by pathogenic Streptomyces strains mainly through the effects of thaxtomin. The cello-oligosaccharides binding protein CebE is proposed as a gateway to the pathogenic development of Streptomyces scabiei. In this study, two functional CebE encoding genes, GEO5601 and GEO7671, were identified in pathogenic Streptomyces sp. AMCC400023. With a higher binding affinity towards signal molecules, the deletion of GEO5601 severely impaired thaxtomin-producing capacity and reduced the strain’s pathogenicity. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that CebE5601 is also responsible for the import and provision of carbon sources for cell growth. With lower binding affinity, the pathogenicity island (PAI)-localized CebE7671 may assume a new function of mediating the biological process of sporulation, given the significantly impaired formation of ΔGEO7671 spores. The mechanisms of action of CebE proteins unraveled in Streptomyces sp. AMCC400023 will help pave the way for more effective prevention of the potato common scab disease.

Solanum tuberosum potato plantsplants' shade avoidance responses (SAR) and molecular mechanisms under different light conditions are studied in this study. Low blue light (LBL) to far-red light (R:FR) ratios replicated extensive canopy shading effects. The study explained that how these conditions affected plant phenotypes, leaf anatomy, ultrastructure, endogenous hormone levels, and gene expression profiles. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was kept constant at 2000 mmol m-2s-1 to manage light intensity. Low R:FR caused hyponastic leaf movement, while WL+FR and LBL+FR promoted robust stem growth and expanded leaves without hyponastic responses. Under varied LED light spectra, LBL and LBL+FR treatments enhanced leaf thickness, palisade cell size, and spongy cell layers. Far-red light, alone or in combination with white or LBL, increased indoleacetic acid (IAA)accumulation, suggesting a function in growth control.Blue and far-red light affected gibberellin(GA3)content,demonstrating its growth regulation role.Blue and far-red light interactions affected zeatin accumulation, demonstrating their physiological role.The gene expression analysis of the WT-FL,WT-FR, and WT-LBL datasets showed that some categories and pathways were more active than others. The WT-FLvsWT-WL study looked at plastoglobules,photosystems I and II, and chlorophyll binding.The WT-FR study looked at glycosyltransferases and defensive responses.The WT-LBL study looked at plastids, chloroplasts, and processes related to thylakoids.Critical biological functions were linked to gene clusters in co-expression networks. In conclusion,this study illuminates potato plants' complex light reactions.These findings improve plant photobiology knowledge and affect agricultural and regulated environments. Key regulator functional characterization and gene expression temporal characteristics should be studied to better understand plant responses to dynamic light conditions.

Drought is a major abiotic stresses that severely hinder plant growth and agricultural productivity. The receptor-like kinase gene, ERECTA, has been proved to play important role in promoting the response to abiotic stress in crops. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the drought resistance mediated by ERECTA in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) are not well understood. In this study, sequence analysis confirmed that the StERECTA gene contains eight leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and an S_TKc domain, and these domains were highly conserved in Solanaceae family. Under drought stress, Arabidopsis thaliana strains overexpressing StERECTA showed increased biomass, proline (PRO) content, and antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the wild-type strains while the mutant ERECTA strain (er105) exhibited opposite phenotype. Additionally, StERECTA overexpression upregulated the expression of drought response marker genes (LEA3, DREB2A and P5CS1), improved levels of ABA and auxin, reduced stomatal density and relative expression level of stomatal development related genes (SPCH, FAMA and MUTE). Furthermore, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays demonstrated that StERECTA physically interacted with the YODA protein. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into the role and regulatory mechanism of StERECTA in response to drought stress. These findings may serve as a basis for genetic improvement of potato to enhance their tolerance to abiotic stress.

为明确不同品种枸杞对白粉病的抗性,采用田间自然鉴定法对宁夏银川市西夏区芦花台园林场枸杞种植基地和固原市原州区正杞红枸杞产业基地的不同品种枸杞开展白粉病发生情况调查.结果表明,16 个品种枸杞白粉病发病率和病情指数均存在明显差异,且随调查时间推移呈上升趋势;相同品种枸杞在不同地区发病率和病情指数存在差异,但总体趋势一致.调查品种中没有免疫品种,宁杞 1 号、宁杞 8 号、宁杞 9 号为高抗品种;宁农科 5 号、宁杞 5 号、宁杞 6 号、宁杞 7 号、宁杞 10 号为中抗品种;宁杞 4 号、宁杞 2 号为中感品种;宁杞 3号、宁杞菜用 1 号、天精 3 号、大叶黄、广东圆叶、广东尖叶为高感品种.

Objective. As the primary means of plant-induced haploid, anther culture is of great significance in quickly obtaining pure lines and significantly shortening the potato breeding cycle. Nevertheless, the methods of anther culture of tetraploid potato were still not well established. Methods. In this study, 16 potato cultivars (lines) were used for anther culture in vitro. The corresponding relation between the different development stages of microspores and the external morphology of buds was investigated. A highly-efficient anther culture system of tetraploid potatoes was established. Results. It was shown in the results that the combined use of 0.5 mg/L 1-Naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 1.0 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 1.0 mg/L Kinetin (KT) was the ideal choice of hormone pairing for anther callus. Ten of the 16 potato cultivars examined could be induced callus with their respective anthers, and the induction rate ranged from 4.44% to 22.67% using this hormone combination. According to the outcome from the orthogonal design experiments of four kinds of appendages, we found that the medium with sucrose (40 g/L), AgNO3 (30 mg/L), activated carbon (3 g/L), potato extract (200 g/L) had a promotive induction effect on the anther callus. In contrast, adding 1 mg/L Zeatin (ZT) effectively facilitated callus differentiation. Conclusion. Finally, 201 anther culture plantlets were differentiated from 10 potato cultivars. Among these, Qingshu 168 and Ningshu 15 had higher efficiency than anther culture. After identification by flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, 10 haploid plantlets (5%), 177 tetraploids (88%), and 14 octoploids (7%) were obtained. Some premium anther-cultured plantlets were further selected by morphological and agronomic comparison. Our findings provide important guidance for potato ploidy breeding.

Crop yield and quality are significantly affected by carbon partitioning between the source and sink tissues and organs, a biological process that requires the functions of cell wall invertases (CWINs). However, the nucleotide diversity, key polymorphism site and tuber trait association of cell wall invertase in potato are still unknown. In this work, the genomic sequences of potato StCWIN1 gene from 155 accessions were amplified, and nucleotide diversities and natural variations associated with tuber traits were estimated. A total number of 456 variants in StCWIN1 , including 389 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 67 insertions and deletions (indels), were identified. After quality controlled and filtered, 66 variants were found to be significantly associated with different tuber traits, with 5 of them were closely associated with dry matter. Among the 5 variants, one SNP, which constituted a linkage disequilibrium block with other adjacent 6 SNPs, formed the allelic marker allele - T . Based on this SNP (G/T) designated as SNP00075, a KASP marker was developed to distinguish allelic variation among potato genotypes for tuber starch content (SC) and dry matter (DM). Association analysis between StCWIN1 allelic variation and agronomic traits demonstrated that accessions possessing allele - T had higher SC (17.1%) and DM (22.9%) than those possessing allele - G (13.6% SC and 19.5% DM), indicating that Allele - T was a favorable allelic variation in StCWIN1 . Our findings suggest that the KASP marker may be used for the molecular marker-assisted breeding of new potato varieties with improved tuber weight and yield, and the favorable allelic variation allele - T has a great potential in increasing tuber yield through improving the transport of sucrose from source to sink in crop plants.

无机焦磷酸酶基因(AVP1)编码一个定位在液泡膜上,调控细胞质pH和生长素转运的无机焦磷酸酶(H+-PPase),并参与响应旱胁迫、盐胁迫,跨膜电化学梯度的维持,叶片发育等多种生理过程.本文通过对AVP1发挥生理功能及其机制进行综述,旨在为通过基因工程技术手段利用该基因提供思路.

试管薯是马铃薯脱毒原原种薯的生产基础.本研究选用马铃薯栽培品种大西洋和陇薯3号,运用固体培养壮苗、液体培养诱导的方式形成试管薯,诱导过程中添加植物激素CCC、NAA和6-BA的单一或配比组合.结果表明,使用单一激素10 mg/L的CCC或复合激素组合0.4 mg/L NAA、0.5 mg/L 6-BA和9 mg/L CCC能够有效提高马铃薯试管薯的大薯率、大薯平均重量和单株最终产量,缩短结薯周期.本研究探索了马铃薯试管薯诱导的培养方法,为脱毒微型薯的开发应用提供理论依据.

以肉苁蓉超微粉为原料,采用湿法制粒工艺制备肉苁蓉咀嚼片.采用单因素试验分别研究肉苁蓉超微粉、矫味剂、填充剂添加量对咀嚼片感官品质的影响.以感官评分作为评价指标,应用响应面分析法优化肉苁蓉咀嚼片配方,得到最佳配方:肉苁蓉超微粉13.84 g、微晶纤维素12.76 g、甘露醇12.76 g、乳糖6.38 g、甜菊糖苷0.04 g、柠檬酸0.15 g、复合维生素B0.5 g、硬脂酸镁0.3 g、羧甲基纤维素0.5 g.品质检测结果表明,肉苁蓉咀嚼片色泽均匀,酸甜适口,易于咀嚼,灰分含量为2.29％,蛋白质和脂肪含量分别为2.98和0.78 g/100 g.咀嚼片中总黄酮和总多糖含量分别为2.13和12.29 g/100 g.体外抗氧化试验结果显示,肉苁蓉咀嚼片具有一定的抗氧化能力.该配方稳定可行,有一定的应用价值,为肉苁蓉资源的综合利用提供了理论科学依据.

以沙蓬[Agriophyllum squarrosum(L.)Moq.]为材料,研究人工种植条件下沙蓬的生育期和农艺性状,以期获得最佳的人工种植条件.研究了不同播种期、施肥类型和播种量对沙蓬生育进程、产量和产量构成因素的影响,以期探索沙蓬在宁夏沙荒地适宜的播种期、施肥类型和播种量.结果表明,沙蓬适宜在5月上旬播种,播种量为7.50～15.0 kg/hm2;当种植密度为12.00 kg/hm2时,施复合肥沙蓬产量可达到779.1 kg/hm2,与其他处理间存在明显差异.因此,可以通过人工种植来改变沙蓬的农艺性状.

沙米是分布在荒漠、沙丘及沙地中的固沙先锋植物,茎秆可作饲草,种子具有丰富的营养价值.本研究引种收集宁夏、甘肃及内蒙3个省区的11份沙米种质资源,在沙质土壤地进行人工种植.运用SSR分子标记技术探究不同沙米种质资源的遗传多样性,共得到39条多态性扩增条带,多态百分率为66.1％.UPGMA聚类将其按遗传亲缘关系(相似系数0.71)分为4类.同时比较了 11份沙米种质资源的物候期、生物学特性、功能成分及产量差异.结果显示,经人工种植后的宁夏沙米和内蒙古沙米在外观形态、数量性状及营养品质方面表现较优.研究结果为筛选优良沙米种质资源、人工种植繁育及营养保健产品的开发利用奠定了基础.

为明确不同马铃薯资源的疮痂病抗性水平和遗传背景,本研究利用孢悬液灌根法鉴定了 70份马铃薯资源的疮痂病抗性,选用9对SSR标记引物,对70份马铃薯资源进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明,70份马铃薯资源中,疮痂病高抗资源5份,中抗资源18份,低感资源24份,中感资源10份,高感资源5份,重感资源8份;9对SSR引物对70份资源可扩增得到95个位点,其中多态性条带83个,多态性条带百分率为87.4％;UPGMA聚类表明,70份资源遗传相似性系数在0.53～0.97之间,以阈值0.53分为2大类群,Aquila、LBr-33、Z2843份高抗资源分布在第一类群;redsen和fita 2份高抗资源分布在第二类群.5份高抗和18份中抗马铃薯资源间的相似性系数在0.273～0.879之间,其中中抗品种'悄悄黄'和中抗资源D26-27间遗传相似性系数最小为0.273,中抗品种'Desince'和中抗品种'fink'之间遗传相似性系数最大为0.879.该研究筛选出了疮痂病抗性资源,明确了抗性资源间的遗传相似性系数,为马铃薯疮痂病抗病育种亲本选配提供了材料和理论依据.

沙米是一种野生濒危植物资源,通过野生变家种的栽培技术实现了生态保护,避免了由于人工过度采收野生资源出现的生态破坏,为保护和开发利用沙米这一野生的植物资源提供了可行途径.基于此,结合实际情况和实际需求,本文对沙米的人工种植进行深入研究,总结出沙米野生变家种种植技术,旨在为推动沙米规模化种植及产业化发展.

GATA转录因子是一类广泛存在于真核植物中的转录因子,GATA转录因子具有锌指结构,是锌指蛋白家族的成员之一.为了进一步分析马铃薯中GATA基因的结构与功能,本研究以马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)栽培品种'陇薯3号'为材料,克隆了 StGATA12转录因子编码基因,分析了其序列特征、表达模式,并分析了该基因在马铃薯不同组织中的表达量.结果表明马铃薯GATA 12基因序列含有一个全长为1 407bp的开放阅读框,编码一个由437个氨基酸残基构成、分子量为49.22 kD、理论等电点为6.55的蛋白.StGATA12转录因子含有C-X2-C-X18-C-X2-C锌指环,属于GATA转录因子家族Ⅰ亚族.组织表达分析显示,StGATA12在马铃薯根、茎、花和叶中均有表达,在花中的表达量最高.本研究对GATA12基因的研究可以为作物增产提供一定的理论基础.