为了探究促性腺激素抑制激素(GnIH)对南丹瑶鸡雏鸡生长性能和脂代谢的影响,选取体重相近的45日龄广西南丹瑶鸡36只(均为母鸡),均分为2组进行急性和慢性试验.急性试验:将18只南丹瑶鸡随机均分为3组,即对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,分别腹腔注射0.9％生理盐水、0.9 nmol/μL GnIH和2.7 nmol/μLGnIH,每次0.1mL,在注射后0、15、30、60和90 min时测定血糖值,并在15 min时测定脂蛋白相关指标总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);慢性试验:将另外18只南丹瑶鸡也随机均分为3组,分组情况同急性试验,每天注射2次,每次0.1mL,连续注射14 d,记录试验鸡相关生长性能,采血进行相关血液生化指标分析,分离肝脏,称重并进行HE染色和肝脏脂代谢相关因子表达量的检测.急性试验结果表明:与对照组相比,腹腔注射高剂量GnIH可以引起南丹瑶鸡15 min时血糖极显著增加(P＜0.01),血液中甘油三酯含量显著升高(P＜0.05);而腹腔注射低剂量GnIH的瑶鸡血糖及血脂无明显变化.慢性试验结果表明:与对照组相比,腹腔注射高剂量GnIH的南丹瑶鸡的终末重量显著增加(P＜0.05),总增重和平均日增重极显著增加(P＜0.01),料重比极显著增加(P＜0.01),血液中的甘油三酯、葡萄糖极显著增加(P＜0.01),肝脏重量和脏器指数极显著增加(P＜0.01),脂代谢相关基因FASN、ACC、SCD表达量极显著增加(P＜0.01);而腹腔注射低剂量GnIH的南丹瑶鸡日增重和总增重显著增加(P＜0.05),血糖显著增加(P＜0.05),血液中的甘油三酯极显著增加(P＜0.05);HE染色结果显示,腹腔注射高剂量GnIH的南丹瑶鸡肝脏中脂肪堆积形成的空泡数量明显增加.试验表明,腹腔注射GnIH能提升南丹瑶鸡生产性能,并影响机体脂代谢.

[目的]探究促性腺激素抑制激素(gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone,GnIH)对雄性小鼠采食、体重和血糖稳态的影响.[方法]选取体重及日龄相近的雄性小鼠20只,随机分为2组,分别为对照组[腹腔注射生理盐水100μL/(次·只)]和试验组[腹腔注射20μg/100μL GnIH,100μL/(次·只)],每组10只,每天注射2次,连续注射21 d.观察和记录小鼠的采食情况;对小鼠的体重、空腹血糖、葡萄糖耐量、胰岛素耐量进行测定;利用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法对小鼠胰腺中胰岛素转录因子基因(NeuroD1)、胰岛素基因(Ins)、胰高血糖素基因(Gcg)、胰岛素转录调控因子基因(Pdx1)mRNA相对表达量进行检测.[结果]与对照组相比,试验组小鼠平均日增重和平均日采食量极显著(P<0.01)升高;试验组小鼠空腹血糖曲线下面积极显著(P<0.01)增加,葡萄糖耐量的血糖曲线下面积极显著(P<0.01)增加,胰岛素耐量的血糖曲线下面积极显著(P<0.01)增加;试验组小鼠胰腺Gcg基因mRNA相对表达量显著(P<0.05)升高,Ins基因mRNA、Pdx1基因mRNA和NeuroD1基因mRNA相对表达量均显著(P<0.05)下降.[结论]慢性腹腔注射GnIH会引起雄性小鼠采食量和体重增加,并引起机体血糖紊乱.

RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) has been proposed as a key inhibitory regulator of mammalian reproduction. Our previous studies demonstrated that RFRP-3 mediated apoptosis and autophagy of the epididymis in rats and inhibited porcine granulosa cell (GC) proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms of the RFRP-3 effect on porcine GC apoptosis and autophagy have not been studied before. Herein, we first investigated the role of RFRP-3 in apoptosis and autophagy in cultured porcine GCs in vitro. Our results showed that different doses of RFRP-3 dose-dependently elevated the expression of autophagy markers at both the mRNA and protein levels, whereas the expression of apoptosis markers exhibited a bidirectional, dose-dependent effect. Because the p38MAPK signaling pathway plays essential roles in apoptosis and autophagy, we subsequently evaluated the effect of RFRP-3 on p38MAPK activation. The results showed that 10-6 M RFRP-3 treatment not only significantly decreased p38MAPK phosphorylation but also inhibited the p38MAPK activator U-46619 to promote p38MAPK activation in porcine GCs. Finally, we applied U-46619 to investigate the role of the p38MAPK signaling pathway in apoptosis and autophagy in RFRP-3-treated porcine GCs. The results showed that all doses of RFRP-3 significantly inhibited the U-46619-induced increase in apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, except for the U-46619-induced Beclin-1 expression increase, which was significantly suppressed in high-dose RFRP-3-treated porcine GCs, other doses of RFRP-3 treatment strengthened the U-46619-induced increase in other autophagy markers. In summary, our data demonstrate a critical role for the p38MAPK signaling pathway in the porcine GC cellular response to RFRP-3 by controlling the balance between apoptosis and autophagy.

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a reproductive inhibitor and an endogenous orexigenic neuropeptide that may be involved in energy homeostasis and reproduction. However, whether GnIH is a molecular signal link of metabolism and the reproductive system, and thus, regulates reproductive activity as a function of the energy state, is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of GnIH in glycolipid metabolism and reproduction in vivo, and in the coupling between these two processes in the testis level. Our results showed that chronic intraperitoneal injection of GnIH into male mice not only increased food intake and altered meal microstructure but also significantly elevated body mass due to the increased mass of liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), despite the loss of testicular weight. Furthermore, chronic intraperitoneal administration of GnIH to male mice resulted in obesity-related glycolipid metabolic derangements, showing hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance through changes in the expression of glucose and lipid metabolism-related genes in the pancreas and eWAT, respectively. Interestingly, the expression of GnIH and GPR147 was markedly increased in the testis of mice under conditions of energy imbalance, such as fasting, acute hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. In addition, chronic GnIH injection markedly inhibited glucose and lipid metabolism of mice testis while significantly decreasing testosterone synthesis and sperm quality, inducing hypogonadism. These observations indicated that orexigenic GnIH triggers hyperphagia-induced obesity-related metabolic derangements and hypogonadism in male mice, suggesting that GnIH is an emerging candidate for coupling metabolism and fertility by involvement in obesity and metabolic disorder-induced reproductive dysfunction of the testes.

为了探讨RF-酰胺相关肽-3(RFRP-3)对雌性仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及葡萄糖代谢的影响,选取6周龄雌性仔猪15头,随机均分为3组,分别为对照组、RFRP-3低剂量组和高剂量组,每天分别腹腔注射0.9％生理盐水、0.1mg/mLRFRP-3和1mg/mLRFRP-3两次,每次1mL,连续14d.结果:与对照组相比,腹腔注射RFRP-3极显著增加雌性仔猪平均日增重(P＜0.01),显著降低料重比(P＜0.05);肥胖指标POI指数极显著增加(P＜0.01);白色脂肪和胰腺比重显著增加(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);血清生化指标分析发现,腹腔注射RFRP-3仔猪血清中甘油三酯、葡萄糖含量极显著升高(P＜0.01),高剂量组肝脏质量和低密度脂蛋白含量显著升高(P＜0.05);空腹血糖试验发现RFRP-3极显著诱导血糖总量升高(P＜0.01);肝脏PEPCK mRNA表达水平显著上升(P＜0.05),GCK mRNA表达水平极显著下降(P＜0.01).本试验表明,腹腔注射RFRP-3可提高雌性仔猪生长性能并伴随血糖和血脂浓度的升高,且这种生理功能的发挥与肝脏糖代谢相关因子的变化密切相关.

Apart from the well-established role of the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in the regulation of the reproductive functions, much less is known about the peripheral role of the GnIH and its receptor in the metabolic processes. On account of pig being an excellent model for studies of food intake and obesity in humans, we investigated the peripheral effects of the GnIH on food intake and energy homeostasis and revealed the underlying mechanism(s) in female piglets in vivo. Compared to the vehicle-treated group, intraperitoneally injected GnIH significantly increased the food intake and altered the meal microstructure both in the fasting and ad libitum female piglet. GnIH-triggered hyperphagia induced female piglet obesity and altered islet hormone secretion in the pancreas, accompanied with dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Interestingly, GnIH decreased the glucose transport capacity and glycogen synthesis, whereas it increased the gluconeogenesis in the liver, while it also induced an insulin resistance in white adipose tissue (WAT) via inhibiting the activity of AKT-GSK3-β signaling. In terms of the lipid metabolism, GnIH reduced the oxidation of fatty acids, whereas the elevated fat synthesis ability in the liver and WAT was developed though the inhibited AMPK phosphorylation. Our findings demonstrate that peripheral GnIH could trigger hyperphagia-induced obesity and an associated glycolipid metabolism disorder in female piglets, suggesting that GnIH may act as a potential therapeutic agent for metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes.

为了探讨RFRP-3对大鼠采食行为以及生长性能的影响,选取体重相近的清洁级SD大鼠30只,随机分为3组,分别为对照组[腹腔注射生理盐水200μL/(次·只)]、RFRP-3低剂量组[腹腔注射1μg/100μL RFRP-3,200μL/(次·只)]和高剂量组[腹腔注射10μg/100μL RFRP-3,200μL/(次·只)],每组10只,雌、雄各半,每天注射2次,连续腹腔注射14 d.观察和记录大鼠的采食量、采食行为和体重变化,计算料肉比及Lee指数,分离血清并检测血脂相关指标,并对下丘脑食欲相关因子的表达水平进行检测.结果表明,与对照组相比,仅在光照环境中腹腔注射高剂量RFRP-3会导致大鼠采食量极显著(P<0.01)增加;采食行为方面主要表现为采食频率极显著(P<0.01)增高和饱腹率明显下降;生长性能方面主要表现为体重增长极显著(P<0.01)加快以及料肉比显著(P<0.05)降低;在肥胖指标中,Lee指数显著(P<0.05)增加,血清中甘油三酯和总胆固醇的含量极显著(P<0.01)升高;下丘脑NPY mRNA表达水平显著(P<0.05)上升,而POMC mRNA表达水平显著(P<0.05)下降.试验表明,腹腔注射RFRP-3可促进大鼠的采食行为并提高其生长性能,且这种生理功能的发挥可能是通过调节下丘脑食欲相关因子的变化完成的.

Gene chip technology is based on the achievements of human geneome project.It is a new technology combining microeletronics,biology,physics,chemistry,and computer science.It can be widely used in analysis of gene expression,mutation detection,analysis of nucleic acid polymorphism,gene sequencing,drug screening and so on in the field of biology research.The paper reviewed the development process of gene chip,principle,procedure of bacterium detection,application in biology research,existing problems and prospect.

黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH)是动物腺垂体前叶促性腺激素细胞合成和分泌的一种糖蛋白类促性腺激素,它是LH分泌细胞受下丘脑脉冲式释放的促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotrophin releasing hormone, GnRH)刺激后合成分泌的~[1],在动物的性腺发生发育和繁殖过程中起着重要作用.

Porcine cytomegalovirus is a β-herpesvirus.GX strain was isolated from the pig with the clinical symptom in December,2007 in Guangxi province.The gB gene of porcine cytomegalovirus GX strain was amplified through PCR,and the amplification product consisted of 1736bp.After being cloned and sequenced,the homology of the nucleotide sequence was 97.8%-98.9% and 32.0%-43.6%,respectively,compared with the published porcine and human cytomegalovirus gB gene sequence GenBank.The results indicated that gB gene of GX strain was conservative in the same genus.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that GX strain had high homology to other porcine cytomegalovirus strain,and belonged to the same branch,but the homology was very different from human cytomegalovirus.

Based on the purified fusion protein,a novel indirect ELISA(VP1-ELISA) was developed to detect FMDV anti-body in pigs.For the indirect ELISA method,the optimal concentration of coating antigen was 10μg.mL-1 with the optimal serum dilution of 1∶40.By measuring 30 FMDV negative serum to determine the method of positive criteria.The results showed that it was specific and reproducible.Comparison result between VP1-ELISA and HA showed that the two methods had 96.2 percent agreement,the positive rate was 31.5 percent,the negative rate was 68.5 percent from 216 serum sam-ples.This indicated that the indirect VP1-ELISA was specific and sensitive.