BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS:Previous studies have suggested that lncRNAs impact cancer progression. The lncRNA AC125611.3 (also referred to as RP11-161H23.5) is highly expressed in colon cancer but rarely studied; understanding its regulation may provide novel insights on treating colon cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS:qRT-PCR was performed to quantify RNAs. CCK-8 and EdU assays were performed to assess cell proliferation. Western blot analysis was used to detect levels of proteins related to cell apoptosis and EMT. Wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay were conducted to evaluate cell migratory and invasive capabilities, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay, and pull-down assay were used to verify RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions.RESULTS:AC125611.3 was highly overexpressed in colon cancer cells. AC125611.3 depletion curbed cell proliferative, invasive, migratory, and EMT processes while enhancing apoptosis. Furthermore, AC125611.3 activated the Wnt signaling pathway in colon cancer cells by regulating catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1). Moreover, AC125611.3 recruited dyskeratosis congenita 1 (DKC1) to stabilize CTNNB1.CONCLUSION:AC125611.3 recruits DKC1 to stabilize CTNNB1 and activate Wnt signaling, thereby promoting the progression of colon cancer.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by high glucose and high fat of diabetes mellitus (DM) finally caused the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis and other macrovascular complications. Paeonol (Pae) exhibits anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and antiatherosclerosis activities. However, the role of Pae in diabetic cardiopathy has not been fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of Pae in diabetic cardiovascular diseases. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to high glucose and palmitic acid (HG/HP), a model DM environment and different doses of Pae. The viability and apoptotic rate of HUVECs were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Oxidative indicators (ROS, malondiadehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD]), and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6) were detected by 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, colorimetry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein levels of Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1), Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved caspase-3, p-p65, and p-65 were detected by Western blot. The mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The acetylation and protein levels of forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) were detected by immunoprecipitation assay. SIRT1 silencing was used to confirm the role of Pae in the resistance to apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Pae increased SIRT1 expression, cell viability, and SOD activity and suppressed apoptosis, the levels of p-p65/p-65, ROS, MDA, and inflammatory cytokines, and the expression of acetylated-FOXO3a induced by HG/HP in HUVECs. SIRT1 silencing abrogated the effect of Pae on HG/HP-mediated HUVECs. Inhibitory effect of Pae on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in HUVECs induced by HG/HP induced through regulating SIRT1/FOXO3a/NF-κB pathway.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and it has a poor prognosis. It is urgent to identify prognostic biomarkers to guide therapy.Methods: The immune gene expression profiles for patients with lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The relationships between the expression of 45 immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) and prognosis were analyzed. Additionally, the correlations between the expression of 45 biomarkers and immunotherapy biomarkers, including tumor mutation burden (TMB), mismatch repair defects, neoantigens, and others, were identified. Ultimately, prognostic ICGs were combined to determine immune subgroups, and the prognostic differences between these subgroups were identified in LUAD.Results: A total of 11 and nine ICGs closely related to prognosis were obtained from the GEO and TCGA databases, respectively. CD200R1 expression had a significant negative correlation with TMB and neoantigens. CD200R1 showed a significant positive correlation with CD8A, CD68, and GZMB, indicating that it may cause the disordered expression of adaptive immune resistance pathway genes. Multivariable Cox regression was used to construct a signature composed of four prognostic ICGs (IDO1, CD274, CTLA4, and CD200R1): Risk Score = −0.002*IDO1+0.031*CD274−0.069*CTLA4−0.517*CD200R1. The median Risk Score was used to classify the samples for the high- and low-risk groups. We observed significant differences between groups in the training, testing, and external validation cohorts.Conclusion: Our research provides a method of integrating ICG expression profiles and clinical prognosis information to predict lung cancer prognosis, which will provide a unique reference for gene immunotherapy for LUAD.

《中药鉴定学》是一门具有较强理论性、实践性和较高应用价值的课程,掌握学科基本理论知识对中药学类专业人才的培养质量有重要意义.本研究通过分析《中药鉴定学》的教学概况和学生学习课程存在的困境,提出"学习内驱力"的观点,并简要论述了建立学生"学习内驱力"的教学模式的4种策略,旨在为培养学生的认知能力、学科思维、专业技能以及为进一步的课程教学改革提供参考依据.

目的:观察壮医针挑疗法对哮喘小鼠miRNA-126/TSLP的影响.方法:选取6～8周龄的SPF级BALB/c小鼠,将其随机分为对照组、模型组、针挑组、阳性组、阴性组,每组各10只.对除对照组外的其余组小鼠采用卵清蛋白致敏及激发方法制备哮喘模型,针挑组采用壮医针挑疗法,阳性组给予miRNA-126抑制剂,阴性组给予miRNA-126激动剂,每天1次,连续干预7d.干预后对各组小鼠进行肺功能(FEV0.1、FEV0.2、FEV0.4/FVC、PEF)测定.眼球取血,采用ELISA法检测IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-13水平;取外周血,采用RT-PCR法检测miRNA-126、TSLP基因的相对表达.结果:与对照组比较,模型组、阴性组肺功能各项指标均降低,IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-13水平及miRNA-126、TSLP基因相对表达均升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);与模型组比较,针挑组、阳性组肺功能各项指标均升高,IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-13水平以及miRNA-126、TSLP基因相对表达均下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:针挑疗法治疗哮喘、改善肺功能的起效环节与其调节miRNA-126/TSLP基因表达、降低Th2型细胞因子水平有关.

目的 观察木姜子和忍冬藤配伍醇提物对哮喘细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)-白细胞介素-17(IL-17)通路及细胞增殖凋亡的影响.方法 用卵清蛋白诱导哮喘大鼠获得的哮喘平滑肌细胞模型,将模型细胞分为模型组和低、中、高剂量实验组,另取正常细胞作为空白组.空白组和模型组均置于含10％胎牛血清(FBS)的DMEM/F12培养基进行培养;低、中、高剂量实验组分别置于含5.65,11.30和22.60 μg·mL-1木姜子和忍冬藤配伍醇提物及10％ FBS的DMEM/F12培养基进行培养.用噻唑蓝法检测增殖抑制率,用TUNEL法观察细胞凋亡,用酶联免疫吸附实验法检测IL-17和转录激活因子6(STAT-6)水平,用Western blot法检测凋亡相关因子(FAS)、ERK1/2和抗凋亡蛋白(Bcl-2)相对表达量.结果 低、中、高剂量实验组的增殖抑制率分别为(0.42±0.03),(0.64±0.06)和(0.81±0.08),凋亡指数分别为(0.22±0.04),(0.27±0.05)和(0.35±0.06).低、中、高剂量实验组和模型组、空白组的FAS蛋白相对表达量分别为(0.21±0.04),(0.64±0.05),(0.82±0.07),(0.12±0.02)和(0.72±0.06),ERK1/2蛋白相对表达量分别为(0.38±0.06),(0.33±0.05),(0.18 ±0.02),(0.87 ±0.09)和(0.32±0.05),Bcl-2蛋白相对表达量分别为(0.32±0.06), (0.28 ±0.05), (0.22±0.04), (0.89±0.09)和(0.26±0.06),IL-17分别为(121.02±26.65), (86.35±24.31),(61.55±22.01),(286.22±30.21)和(53.21±21.26) pg·mL-1,STAT-6分别为(189.36±26.69), (98.34±19.89), (56.39±15.61),(346.11±35.02)和(39.25±11.22)pg·mL-1.低、中、高剂量实验组的上述指标与模型组相比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P ＜0.05).结论 木姜子和忍冬藤配伍醇提物可抑制气道平滑肌细胞增殖,诱导气道平滑肌细胞凋亡,其机制可能与抑制ERK1/2-IL-17通路相关分子,上调凋亡相关因子FAS蛋白表达、抑制抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达相关.

Background : Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer with low early diagnosis rate and poor prognosis. The integration of immune checkpoint gene expression data and patient prognosis information can help identify the immune subtypes of lung cancer and provide reference for individualized gene immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Methods : The data of immune gene expression for lung cancer patients were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. The relationship between the expressions of 45 immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) and prognosis were analysed. In the other hand, the correlation between the expressions of 45 biomarkers , tumor mutation load (TMB), MMRs, neoantigens and other immunotherapy biomarkers were been identified. Ultimately, prognosis-related ICGs were combined with IDO1, CD274, and CTLA4 to divide lung cancer immune subgroups and the prognostic differences between lung cancer immune subgroups were identified. Results: Based on TCGA database and GEO database, 9 and 11 ICGs were obtained respectively, which were closely related to prognosis. There was a certain synergistic relationship between them. The expression of CD200R1 had a significant negative correlation with TMB and neoantigens. CD200R1 showed a significant positive correlation with CD8A, CD68 and GZMB genes, indicating that it may cause the expression disorder of adaptive immune resistance pathway genes. Based on CD200R1 and combination with IDO1, CD274 and CTLA4, the group with high expression of CD200R1 and low expression of IDO1, CD274 and CTLA4 had the best prognosis among the immune subtypes. Conclusion : Our research provides a method of integrating immune checkpoint gene expression profile and clinical prognosis information to identify immune subtypes of lung cancer, which can provide a unique reference for gene immunotherapy of lung cancer patients.

目的:探究郁金根乙醇提取液对慢性肝损伤小鼠的影响.方法:选取72只雄性小鼠,随机分成6组,每组12只,分别标记为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组、郁金高浓度组、郁金中浓度组、郁金低浓度组.除了空白组外各组用4％的四氯化碳(CCl4)制造慢性肝损伤模型.按照以上分组分别服用0.9％ NaCl、0.9％ NaCl、0.02g/ml的Fenofibrater溶液、4g/ml郁金根提取液、2 g/ml郁金根提取液、1 g/ml郁金根提取液,按小鼠的体重计算灌胃量(10 ml/kg),1次/d,连续灌胃14 d.用谷草和谷丙转氨酶试剂盒测小鼠血清AST/ALT、Western blot测小鼠肝脏MAPK信号通路中的p38的表达情况,并对组间数据进行对比.结果:与空白组相比,模型组的AST/ALT活性、p38的表达量显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),郁金高、低浓度组的AST/ALT活性、p38的表达量降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),郁金中浓度组的AST/ALT活性降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与模型组相比,阳性对照组、郁金高、中、低浓度组的AST/ALT活性、p38的表达量降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与阳性对照组相比,郁金高、中、低浓度组的AST/ALT活性、p38的表达量降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:郁金根乙醇提取液对慢性肝损伤小鼠的治疗机制可能与降低血清AST/ALT和肝脏MAPK信号通路中p38的下调有关.

目的 探讨桑枝多糖(RMP)降血糖的机制.方法 构建糖尿病小鼠模型,将模型小鼠分磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)、RMP、二甲双胍(MF)治疗组,并设未造模的正常对照组;治疗后检测小鼠血糖、粪便和回肠内容物16 SRNA、肠道菌群等.结果 正常组(Normal)、PBS组、RMP组、MF组的平均血糖分别为5.4 mmol/L、13.2 mmol/L、5.6 mmol/L、5.8 mmol/L,PBS组血糖明显高于正常对照组、RMP组和MF组(P<0.05);在小鼠粪便和回肠内容物中,PBS组、RMP组及MF组16SRNA百分比分别为86.86％/80.00％、120.43％/125.11％、109.00％/112.86％,RMP组和MF组的16 SRNA明显高于PBS组(P<0.05);RMP组、MF组与PBS组比较双歧杆菌属、肠球菌属、乳杆菌属、链球菌属、葡萄球菌属占比较高.结论 桑枝多糖降低糖尿病小鼠血糖与调节肠道菌群的结构有密切的关系.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the possible role and mechanism of LINC00538 in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Methods: The expression levels of LINC00538 in 70 pairs of colon cancer tissue samples and adjacent ones were examined by qRT-PCR, and survival analysis of patients was performed according to the result. Meanwhile, colon cancer cell lines were screened. In addition, LINC00538 siRNA was transfected into colon cancer cells using liposome method, and then cell proliferation and cell cycle were examined by CCK8 and EDU assays, while cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Finally, the mechanism of LINC00538 in colon cancer was further explored by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results: The expression of LINC00538 in colon cancer tissues was remarkably higher than that in normal ones, and the overall survival of patients with colon cancer was negatively correlated with the expression of LINC00538. After transfection of LINC00538 siRNA, the proliferation rate of colon cancer cell lines including HCT116 and RKO cells was weakened, the S phase of the cell cycle was shortened, while the cell apoptosis was elevated. In addition, further mechanism studies demonstrated that LINC00538 can bind to EZH2 and inhibit the expression of NKD2, thereby regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Conclusions: This study demonstrated for the first time that LINC00538 was highly expressed in colon cancer and was associated with poor prognosis of patients. Knockdown of LINC00538 in colon cancer cell lines was able to inhibit the cell proliferation and cell cycle, while it promoted the apoptosis. It's mechanism of participating in the development of colon cancer may be through the down-regulation of NKD2 and the regulation of EZH2.

Lycium chinense Mill, an important Chinese herbal medicine, is widely used as a dietary supplement and food. Here the chloroplast (CP) genome of L. chinense was sequenced and analyzed, revealing a size of 155,756 bp and with a 37.8% GC content. The L. chinense CP genome comprises a large single copy region (LSC) of 86,595 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 18,209 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 25,476 bp separated by the single copy regions. The genome encodes 114 genes, 16 of which are duplicated. Most of the 85 protein-coding genes (CDS) had standard ATG start codons, while 3 genes including rps12, psbL and ndhD had abnormal start codons (ACT and ACG). In addition, a strong A/T bias was found in the majority of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) detected in the CP genome. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among 16 species revealed that L. chinense is a sister taxon to Lycium barbarum. Overall, the complete sequence and annotation of the L. chinense CP genome provides valuable genetic information to facilitate precise understanding of the taxonomy, species and phylogenetic evolution of the Solanaceae family.

BACKGROUND:Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a common disease of the digestive system with pathological characteristics of a decreasing number, or disappearance, of inherent glands of the gastric mucosa. CAG has been defined as a precancerous condition of gastric cancer. Intestinal metaplasia or intraepithelial neoplasia accompanying atrophied glands of the stomach is regarded as one of the most important precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. As a common malignant tumour, gastric cancer remains without a satisfactory therapy and its pathogenesis remains unclear, seriously threatening human life. Therefore, some scholars have proposed to prevent the incidence of gastric cancer by avoiding precancerous lesions. If CAG can be reversed, the incidence of gastric cancer can be substantially reduced. To reverse and prevent CAG and study its pathogenesis and therapy, it is necessary to develop an ideal, safe, stable, animal model.AIM:To study a rapid, stable, and safe method of establishing a mouse model of human CAG.METHODS:Six-week-old Kunming mice were divided into a phosphate buffered solution control group, a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) group, an N-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine (MNNG) group, an ammonia water group, and a group combining H. pylori, MNNG, and ammonia water (hereinafter referred to as the combined group). The mice were administrated with drinking water containing ammonia or infected with H. pylori through gavage. At the 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th day after the last H. pylori infection, mice were selected randomly to collect their gastric mucosa for hematoxylin eosin staining, terminal nick-end labelling staining detection, and immunohistochemical staining for Bax and Bcl-2. In addition, H. pylori was isolated, cultured, and identified, and its extent of colonisation calculated. Blood was collected to detect inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and immune function markers CD4 and CD8 to confirm successful establishment of the CAG model.RESULTS:The combined group showed slight CAG at the 90th day and moderate CAG at the 120th day, while other groups did not show CAG at that time.CONCLUSION:The combination of H. pylori, MNNG, and ammonia is an effective method of developing a mouse model of human CAG.

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of lung cancer may improve early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. The aim of the present study was to examine the pathogenesis of lung cancer and to identify potentially novel biomarkers. Gene expression datasets of patients with lung cancer were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Genes which were most closely associated with lung cancer (core genes) were screened by weighted gene co‑expression network analysis. In vitro cell based experiments were further utilized to verify the effects of the core genes on the proliferation of lung cancer cells, adhesion between cells and the matrix, and the associated metabolic pathways. Based on WGCNA screening, two gene modules and five core genes closely associated with lung cancer, including immunoglobulin superfamily member 10 (IGSF10) from the turquoise module, and ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2, protein regulator of cytokinesis 1, kinesin family member (KIF)14 and KIF2C from the brown module were identified as relevant. Survival analysis and differential gene expression analysis showed that there were significant differences in IGSF10 expression levels between the healthy controls and patients with lung cancer. In patients with lung cancer, IGSF10 expression was decreased, and the overall survival time of patients with lung cancer was significantly shortened. An MTT and colony formation assay showed that IGSF10‑knockout significantly increased proliferation of lung cancer cells, and Transwell assays and adhesion experiments further suggested that the adhesion between cells and the matrix was significantly increased in IGSF10‑knockout cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that the expression level of IGSF10 was significantly associated with the activation of the integrin‑β1/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway. Western blotting revealed that knockout of IGSF10 resulted in the activation of the integrin‑β1/FAK pathway, as the protein expression levels of integrin‑β1, phosphorylated (p)‑FAK and p‑AKT were significantly upregulated. Activation of the integrin‑β1/FAK pathway, following knockout of IGSF10, affected the proliferation and adhesion of lung cancer cells. Therefore, IGSF10 my serve as a potential prognostic marker of lung cancer.

目的:调查住院医师规范化培训制度下临床医学本科生的规培意向.方法:采用随机抽样法,选取1128名临床医学本科在校生进行现场问卷、网络问卷、访谈、电话问卷等调查.结果:支持规培的人数占28.01％,不支持规培的人数占17.38％,其余54.61％的人保持中立态度.结论:大部分学生对住院医师规范化培训制度持认可态度,相关部门应加大宣传力度,充分考虑医学生的切身利益,使规培政策深入人心.

目的:研究陈皮水提物的止血与抗血栓作用.方法:(1)凝血止血实验选用40只昆明种SPF小白鼠,按雌雄各半比例,将小鼠随机分为5组(对照组、云南白药组、低中高剂量陈皮水提物组),每组8只.给药组以陈皮2.0、3.0、4.0 g/kg剂量连续灌胃14天,对照组按等体积给予0.9％生理盐水,第14天灌胃1h后运用毛细管法、剪尾法分别测定凝血时间(CT)、出血时间(BT);(2)运用不同剂量陈皮对SD大鼠体外血浆复钙时间测定,考察了不同剂量陈皮水提物对大鼠体外血浆复钙(PRT)的影响.结果:(1)凝血止血实验中,正常对照组、低剂量组的BT分别为5.44±4.5 min和3.81±1.4 min,与正常对照组相比,陈皮水提物低剂量组可以缩短出血时间(P＜0.05);(2)体外血浆复钙实验中,正常对照组、中剂量组和高剂量组的PRT分别为1.96±0.6 min、4.57±2.6 min和14.74±6.5 min,与正常对照组相比,陈皮水提物中、高剂量组体外血浆复钙时间明显延长(P＜0.05).结论:低剂量陈皮水提物组具有一定的止血作用,中、高剂量陈皮水提物组具有一定的体外抗凝活性,能抑制血栓形成.

AIM:To reveal the protective mechanism of the combined use of vitamin D and puerarin in the progression of hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).METHODS:Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (C group), a CCl4 group (CCl4 group), a vitamin D group (V group), a puerarin group (P group), and a combined group of vitamin D and puerarin (V + P group), each of which contained ten rats. In this way, we built a rat model of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis with intervention by vitamin D, puerarin, or a combination of the two. After eight weeks, the mice were sacrificed to collect serum and liver specimens. Blood was collected to detect the hyaluronic acid (HA). We also measured hydroxyproline (Hyp) and prepared paraffin sections of liver. After Sirius red staining, the liver specimens were observed under a microscope. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were adopted to detect the mRNA and the protein levels of Collagen I, Collagen III, Wnt1, and β-catenin in the liver tissues, respectively.RESULTS:Hepatic fibrosis was observed in the CCl4 group. In comparison, hepatic fibrosis was attenuated in the V, P, and V + P groups: the HA level in blood and the Hyp level in liver were reduced, and the mRNA levels of Collagen I, Collagen III, Wnt, and β-catenin in liver were also decreased, as well as the protein levels of Wnt1 and β-catenin. Among these groups, the V + P group demonstrated the greatest amelioration of hepatic fibrosis.CONCLUSION:The combined application of vitamin D and puerarin is capable of alleviating CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis of rats. As to the mechanism, it is probably because the combined use is able to silence the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway, suppress the activation of hepatic stellate cells, and reduce the secretion of collagen fibers, therefore improving the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect.

目的:研究板蓝根抗氧化成分及抗氧化性能,为板蓝根提取物抗衰老、抗肿瘤等领域的开发利用提供科学依据.方法:本文采用系统的分离方法,从板蓝根中提取黄酮、多糖、多酚及生物碱四种成分,并采用Schaal烘箱法、邻苯三酚法、水杨酸法测定板蓝根四种提取物的总抗氧化能力、清除超氧阴离子(O2-·)及清除羟自由基(·OH)能力.结果:板蓝根提取物对三种食用油脂均有良好的抗氧化效果,且对抗氧化作用具有剂量效应关系;Vc、柠檬酸及酒石酸对板蓝根提取物的抗氧化作用均有协同增效作用;板蓝根提取物对超氧阴离子(O2-·)和羟自由基(·OH)有良好的清除作用,且清除作用具有剂量效应关系;其中板蓝根提取物生物碱和黄酮分别对超氧阴离子(O2-·)和羟自由基(·OH)清除作用较强.结论:板蓝根取物具有良好的抗氧化作用,可将其作为一种天然的抗氧化剂应用于油脂、食品及日用品中;也可将其应用于抗衰老,抗高血脂药物研究中,进一步开发其药用价值.

目的 探讨田七总色素的体外抗氧化活性.方法 以蒸馏水为溶剂,从田七中提取总色素;采用比色法分别测定田七总色素清除DPPH·、O-2·和·OH三种自由基的作用,以及对Fe3+的还原能力.结果 田七总色素对三种自由基都有一定的清除作用,清除DPPH·、O-2·自由基的EC50分别是0.17 mg/ml、0.24 mg/ml;当色素浓度为0.15 mg/ml时,其对DPPH· 清除率为45.03% 、对O-2·为23.48% 、·OH 清除率为3.71%,其对三种自由基的清除能力排序为DPPH· > O-2· >·OH;对Fe3+ 也具有较强的还原能力.结论 氧自由基清除率与田七总色素浓度存在明显的量效关系,清除作用随着总色素浓度的增加而增强.还原Fe3+能力也随总色素的浓度增加而增强.

目前,我国高校主流的教学方式是班级授课制,也就是我们的传统教学.近年,传统教学模式所暴露的弊端,迫使广大教育工作者不断探索新的教学模式.在这样的情况下,混合式教学(B-Learning)应运而生,其概念最早由国外的培训机构提出,是传统教学(Face to Face)与网络化教学(E-Learning)优势互补的一种教学模式.国内高校所开展的教学改革实践中,通常是在传统教学的基础上,借助慕课、微课、翻转课堂等开展混合式教学.本文简述我国常用的混合式教学模式的利弊,并浅析最新开发的"雨课堂"这一教学工具在混合式教学中的应用.