ObjectiveDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) poses a major clinical burden. This study, for the first time, establishes and validates a finite element (FE) biomechanical model of tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) in diabetic rats. By integrating micro-CT data at multiple time points, we provide a novel computational approach to assess the biomechanical safety and stability of TTT, thus bridging preclinical animal research and potential clinical translation.MethodsThis study utilized a customized transverse osteotomy transport frame to establish a model of TTT for treating lower limb ischemic ulcer in diabetic rats. Postoperatively, the tibiae and fibulae Dicom were harvested by ex-vivo micro-CT scaning. The imaging data are processed and analyzed using mechanical analysis software by Mimics, 3-matic Medical, Geomagic Studio, Hypermesh, MSC.Patran, and MSC. Nastran to simulate the loading characteristics of the rat’s tibia and fibula with the TTT.Results1. Peak von Mises stresses in the transport tibial bone fragment under axial compression (7.04 Mpa), axial torsion (16.91 Mpa), and three-point bending (9.40 Mpa), showed no significant differences between postoperative time points (3, 6, 9, 12, and 30 days), indicating that the overall stress change in the tibia during the tibial transverse transport process is minimal. 2. Over 8-week healing period, dynamic load sharing occurred among the transported bone fragment, original tibia, and adjustable external fixator. Progressive healing of the transported bone fragment with the surrounding bone tissue reduced the structural bearing stress of the adjustable TTT fixation. The overall stiffness of the tibia increases as the transported fragment and tibia gradually restore, further enhancing the stability of the overall tibia. 3. Under biomechanical testing conditions including axial compression, axial torsion, and three-point bending, the application of adjustable external fixators successfully repositioned free bone fragments to their anatomical alignment in the tibia without exceeding the ultimate yield strength of cortical bone tissue. Secondary fracture initiation or catastrophic structural failure was not observed during testing. The current experimental results shows the TTT fixation satisfies the required strength criteria for rat experiment.ConclusionThe TTT rat model demonstrated biomechanical stability and surgical safety in silico, supporting its translational potential. However, further experimental validation is required.

Objective:To provide a comprehensive summary of the technological evolution, clinical protocols, mechanisms of action, and current research progress of tibial transverse transport (TTT), with the goal of facilitating its standardized application in clinical practice. Methods:A systematic review of both domestic and international literature on TTT for the treatment of diabetic foot was conducted. The analysis encompassed technical developments, surgical protocols, combination therapies, regenerative mechanisms, and clinical outcomes. Results:Diabetic foot is one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus. Conventional treatments show limited efficacy in patients with advanced stages, such as Wagner grade 3/4 or Texas grade C and above. TTT, an evolution of the Ilizarov technique, promotes tissue regeneration through the "tension-stress principle". The procedure for the treatment of diabetic foot has evolved from an open large cortical window (120 mm×20 mm) to a minimally invasive small window (50 mm×15 mm), with incision length reduced to 10 mm and simplified external fixators. A dual-incision technique (10 mm apart) is now applied at 5 cm distal to the tibial tuberosity. Bone transport typically begins 3-5 days postoperatively at a rate of 1 mm/day, incorporating the "accordion technique" (2 weeks distraction+3 days stabilization+reverse transport). Multicenter studies report a limb salvage rate of 96.1%, wound healing rate of 96.3%, and amputation rate of less than 5%. Combining TTT with vascular reconstruction and antibiotic-loaded bone cement further enhances outcomes. There are also a series of studies on the mechanism of TTT in treating diabetic foot. TTT has been shown to activate the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-vascular endothelial growth factor/stromal cell-derived factor 1 (HIF-1α-VEGF/SDF-1) signaling pathway to facilitate microcirculatory reconstruction; mobilize immune cells and rebalance macrophage polarization, thereby improving the inflammatory microenvironment; recruit stem cells via chemotaxis to accelerate re-epithelialization; and promote the release of regenerative small extracellular vesicles. Conclusion:TTT demonstrates promising clinical potential in the treatment of diabetic foot, particularly in improving limb perfusion and promoting tissue repair. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Further in-depth investigations are required. In addition, the current lack of high-quality randomized controlled trials highlights the urgent need for rigorously designed randomized controlled trial to validate the efficacy and safety of this technique.

Ischemic leg ulcers (ILU) represent a severe manifestation of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), characterized by high recurrence and amputation rates. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tibial periosteal distraction (TPD) for treating ILU through a combination of animal experiments and clinical trials. Nine Beagle dogs were randomly allocated into TPD group, tibial soft tissue distraction (TSD) group, and control group. Standardized 15-mm circular wounds were created on the foot, followed by periosteal distraction at a rate of 0.5 mm/day for 11 days. Parameters assessed included wound healing rates, serum VEGF levels, histopathological changes, and CT angiography/perfusion parameters. A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted from June 2019 to January 2024, enrolling 103 ILU patients treated with TPD compared with 127 patients receiving conventional treatment. Primary endpoints included ulcer healing rates at 3 and 6 months, amputation rates, and recurrence within 1 year. Secondary endpoints comprised complications and safety assessments. In animal study, the TPD group demonstrated accelerated wound healing compared to both control and TSD groups, with residual wound area of 2.08 ± 1.68

Objective: The clinical management of patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) faces great challenges. Enhancing wound healing and limb preservation rates in this cohort is a critical objective. This study investigates the effectiveness of combining tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) and endovascular therapy (EVT) for the treatment of patients with severe CLTI. We aim to evaluate the therapeutic results of this combined approach on the specified patient group. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to compare EVT with the combination of TTT and EVT in patients (Rutherford category 5 and above) with CLTI at Guangxi Medical University's First Affiliated Hospital from June 2017 to June 2023. This cohort was subjected to a follow-up period ranging from a minimum of 6 months to a maximum of 12 months. The primary outcome measures included amputation-free survival (AFS) (avoidance of above-ankle amputation or death from any cause), overall mortality, limb salvage rates, wound healing efficiency, and the technical efficacy of the applied treatments. A variety of statistical analyses including chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, and Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analyses. Results: In this study, 131 patients with CLTI were included: 76 in the control group receiving only EVT treatment and 55 in the TTT + EVT group. The two groups were matched on demographic and clinical characteristics. In the TTT + EVT group, after more than 6 months of follow-up, 85.5% of patients achieved AFS, and wound healing was observed in 54.5% (30 of 55 patients). After more than 12 months of follow-up, 81.9% achieved AFS, with wound healing in 32 patients. Furthermore, after more than 24 months, 74.2% of patients remained amputation-free, with wound healing in all surviving patients. In the control group, after more than 6 months of follow-up, 72.4% of patients achieved AFS, and wound healing was observed in 51.3% (39 of 96 patients). After more than 12 months, 48.9% achieved AFS, with wound healing in 21 patients. Conclusion: We found that combining therapy of TTT and EVT is safe and can be successfully administered in patients with CLTI and it enhances wound healing and AFS.

Background: Tibial Cortex Transverse Transport (TTT) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for unilateral diabetic foot ulcers (UDFUs). However, this retrospective study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of unilateral TTT on bilateral diabetic foot ulcers (BDFUs).Methods: This retrospective study included a review of patients with TTT treated from January 2017 to August 2019, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was performed to compare patients with BDFUs to those with UDFUs. Ulcer healing, recurrence, and major amputation rates were evaluated at 1-year follow-up. Changes in foot vessels were assessed in the BDFUs group using computed tomography angiography (CTA).Results: A total of 140 patients with DFUs (106 UDFUs and 34 BDFUs) were included in the study. UDFUs and BDFUs were matched in a 1:1 ratio (34 in each group) using PSM. No significant difference was observed at 1 -year-follow-up [91.2% (31/34) vs. 76.5% (26/34), OR 0.315 (95% CI 0.08 to 1.31), P = 0.10] and 6-month -follow-up [70.6% (24/34) vs. 50.0% (17/34), OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.15 to 1.13), P = 0.08] in two groups. Signif-icant differences in rates of major amputation and recurrence between the groups (P > 0.05) were not observed. The BDFUs group appeared more angiogenesis of the foot by CTA after 8 weeks of operation.Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that severe BDFUs can be effectively treated by unilateral TTT. TTT is easy to operate and effective, which may be a good alternative for treating severe BDFUs. The translational potential of this article: In previous retrospective clinical studies, TTT has demonstrated promising clinical outcomes in the management of diabetic foot ulcers. In this current study, we aim to investigate the potential use of TTT in treating distant tissue defects by evaluating the limited availability and safety of TTT for the management of bilateral diabetic foot. While additional basic and clinical research is necessary to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms, our study offers insight into the potential therapeutic use of TTT for this condition.

Category: Trauma; Other Introduction/Purpose: Large area of deep wounds (LADW) usually undergoes flap grafting, in this study, we propose an innovative treatment for LADW. The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of TTT for the treatment of LADW in the lower extremities and provide indications for the TTT. Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients with Large Area of Deep Wounds in the lower extremities who underwent reconstruction using the TTT procedure from 2018.1 to 2021.6 was conducted. Inpatient follow-up was performed at 1 month after surgery and outpatient follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Ulcer healing and healing time, recurrence rate, major amputation rate, and complications were assessed during this 1-year follow-up. All patients were evaluated by computed tomography angiography (CTA) 1 month after surgery for changes in the small blood vessels of the lower extremities. Results: A total of 36 patients, including 21 males and 15 females, with a mean age of 62.5 years, were in this study. These included infected skin defects (20 cases), traumatic skin defects (9 cases), tumor resection skin defects (6 cases), and burns (1 case). Among them, the healing rate was 94.4% and the average healing time was 6 months without recurrence, nail tract infection, osteomyelitis, incisional infection, and related complications. Conclusion: The results showed that TTT can safely and effectively treat total skin defects of the lower extremity. TTT is relatively simple to perform without grafting, making it an effective method for treating total skin defects of the lower extremity.

背景:骨膜牵张也具有促进成骨和微血管生成作用,但能否用于治疗糖尿病足目前尚未明确.目的:对骨膜牵张促进骨和血管再生的研究进展进行综述,以明确该技术用于糖尿病足治疗的理论基础,并介绍其在治疗糖尿病足中的初步应用.方法:计算机检索万方医学网、中国知网、PubMed及Elsevier数据库收录的相关文献,中文检索词为:"牵张成组织技术、牵张成骨、胫骨横向骨搬移与糖尿病足、骨膜牵张、骨膜牵张成骨、骨膜牵张与糖尿病足";英文检索词为"Distraction histogenesis,Distraction osteogenesis,Tibia transverse transport and diabetic foot,Periosteal distraction osteogenesis,Periosteal distraction and diabetic foot".最终纳入42篇文献进行综述分析.结果 与结论:①基于Ilizarov张力-应力法则或牵张成组织原理,牵张成骨技术已用于治疗骨缺损、骨不连等疾病,而牵张成骨伴随的成血管原理催生了胫骨横向骨搬移技术,该技术已经成功应用于治疗包括糖尿病足在内的下肢难愈性溃疡,取得良好的治疗效果.②研究发现对骨膜进行持续、稳定、缓慢的牵张可以促进骨和血管再生,即骨膜牵张成骨和成血管现象,该现象的机制可能与骨膜的结构和成分有关.③目前关于骨膜牵张的研究主要聚焦于其成骨功能,且主要停留在动物实验阶段而极少用于人体.与胫骨横向骨搬移促进血管再生从而用于治疗糖尿病足类似,骨膜牵张促进血管再生也可能用于治疗糖尿病足,此即骨膜牵张用于治疗糖尿病足的理论基础.④该课题组已初步将骨膜牵张用于临床治疗糖尿病足,且治疗效果良好,该文章通过展示用于骨膜搬移的器械、手术方法及典型病例.初步结果显示,由于骨膜牵张技术不需要截骨,手术操作要比胫骨横向骨搬移更加简单,手术时间更短;因为骨膜牵张技术缺少对胫骨钻孔和骨搬移的操作,缺乏对胫骨髓腔的"开窗减压"作用及骨组织的搬移,可能促血管生成和创面愈合的效果要弱于胫骨横向骨搬.未来还需对骨膜牵张促进骨和血管再生的具体机制以及手术适应证及禁忌证等进一步研究.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of tibial transverse transport (TTT) combined with nose ring drain (NRD) in the treatment of severe diabetic foot ulcer. Methods The clinical data of 60 patients with severe diabetic foot (Wagner grade 3 or 4) ulcer who were admitted between April 2017 and August 2020 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 30 cases were treated with TTT combined with NRD (TTT+NRD group), and 30 cases were treated with TTT (TTT group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, diabetes duration, preoperative glycated hemoglobin, comorbidities, wound area, and duration, side, and grade of diabetic foot ( P>0.05). The wound healing time, wound healing rate, amputation rate, recurrence rate, duration of antibiotic therapy, hospital stay, number of hospitalizations, and number of operations were recoreded and compared between the two groups. Results No obvious surgical complications occurred in the two groups. Patients in both groups were followed up 3-13 months, with an average of 5.7 months. The duration of antibiotic therapy and hospital stay in the TTT+NRD group were significantly shorter than those in the TTT group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in wound healing time, wound healing rate, number of hospitalizations, and number of operations between the two groups ( P>0.05). During follow-up, there was no recurrence of ulcer in the TTT+NRD group while 2 recurrent cases (6.7%) in the TTT group. The difference in recurrence rate was not significant ( P=0.492). One case (3.3%) in the TTT+NRD group underwent amputation due to acute lower extremity vascular embolism, and 1 case (3.3%) in the TTT group underwent amputation due to secondary necrosis. The difference in amputation rate was not significant between the two groups ( P=1.000). Conclusion TTT combined with NRD is an effective method for the treatment of severe diabetic foot ulcers with deep infections or relatively closed cavities or sinuses. It can shorten the time of antibiotic use and the length of hospitalization; and the NRD has a good drainage effect without obvious comorbidities, procedure and the postoperative care are simple and easy to obtain materials.

Chronic limb ischemic diseases are characterized by symptomatic reduced blood supply to the limbs and can develop into limb-threatening ischemia which is difficult to manage. Distraction osteogenesis induces a large volume of new bone and neovascularization in the surrounding tissues. Consequently, the transverse distraction of tibia has been applied to the management of thromboangiitis obliterans, a chronic limb ischemic disease. However, the application of this technique is still infrequent. Recently, we developed a new technique and coined the term tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) for it and applied it to severe and recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers and atherosclerosis obligation and attained excellent clinical outcomes. This review discusses recent advances in the technique of TTT, its application to chronic limb ischemia, the underlying mechanisms, and its potential new clinical applications. The translational potential of this article: TTT has shown promise for the treatment of chronic limb diseases such as diabetic foot ulcer, Buerger’s disease, and arthrosclerosis obliterans in retrospective clinical studies. Its new clinical applications are probably to be extended into the management of other chronic limb diseases such as ulcers of venous, traumatic, embolic, or nonatherosclerotic etiologies, wounds left after tumor resection, radiation, or chemotherapy therapy, or infectious or inflammatory diseases. The surgical procedure is relatively simple and the complications are few and minor. Nevertheless, its effectiveness and safety needs to be confirmed in large population-based trials, and its indications and contraindications are also to be clarified. Additionally, more basic and clinical studies are required to illustrate the underlying mechanisms.

目的:观察胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎的临床疗效及安全性.方法:2014年2月至2018年9月,采用胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎患者20例,均为男性.年龄31～56岁,中位数38岁.左侧12例,右侧8例.均有吸烟史,吸烟时间5～33年,中位数21年;吸烟量每日5～60支,中位数35支.均经正规非手术或其他手术治疗无效.均有下肢静息痛和间歇性跛行.下肢单纯溃疡6例,单纯坏疽9例,溃疡和坏疽5例.病程1～7年,中位数3年.记录创面愈合时间,测量跛行距离、足趾皮肤温度及踝肱指数,采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分评价患者平卧位休息1 h后患肢静息痛程度,术后随访观察并发症发生情况.结果:所有患者均获随访,随访时间14～69个月,中位数40个月.术后1个月,患者的跛行距离较术前增加[(120±20)m,(1320±531)m,t=10.053,P=0.001]、足趾皮肤温度较术前增高[(28.79±0.58)℃,(32.22±1.01)℃,t=15.188,P=0.001]、踝肱指数较术前增大(0.44±0.03,0.84±0.09,t=23.150,P=0.001)、患肢静息痛VAS评分较术前降低[(5.30±1.78)分,(1.30±1.21)分,t=10.066,P=0.001].20例患者中17例创面愈合,愈合时间(3.6±2.7)个月;3例创面未愈合,其中1例经加强换药后创面最终愈合,1例术后3个月因足部缺血症状加重行小腿中上段截肢术,1例因截骨块感染自行在其他医院摘除骨块后行截肢术.至末次随访时,所有已愈合的溃疡或坏疽均未复发,均未出现胫骨骨折、钉道感染、截骨块延迟愈合、下肢深静脉血栓等并发症.结论:胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎,可以减轻患肢疼痛症状、增加跛行距离、提高足趾皮肤温度及踝肱指数,有利于创面愈合,且安全性较高.

Category: Diabetes; Diabetes Introduction/Purpose: The management of severe and recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers is challenging. Distraction osteogenesis is accompanied by vascularization and regeneration of the surrounding tissues. The longitudinal distraction of the proximal tibia stimulates increased and prolonged blood flow to the distal tibia. However, the effects of the transverse distraction of the proximal tibia cortex on severe and recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers are largely unknown. Methods: Between July 2014 and March 2017, we treated 136 patients with diabetes and severe ulcers (University of Texas Grade 2B to 3D) that had not responded to treatment for at least 6 months. and their ulcers had a mean ± SD area of 44 cm 2 ± 10 cm 2 . All 136 patients underwent tibial cortex transverse distraction. We compared these patients with the last 136 consecutive patients we treated with standard surgical treatment between May 2011 and June 2013; All patients received standard off-loading and wound care. We compared the groups with respect to ulcer healing (complete epithelialization without discharge, maintained for at least 2 weeks) in a 2-year follow-up, the proportion of ulcers that healed by 6 months, major amputation, recurrence, and complications in the 2-year follow-up. Foot arterial status and perfusion were assessed in the TCTD group using CT angiography and perfusion imaging. Results: The tibial cortex transverse distraction group had a higher proportion of ulcers that healed in the 2-year follow-up than the control group (96% versus 68% ; p < 0.001). By 6 months, a higher proportion of ulcers healed in the TCTD group than in the control group (93% versus 41% ; p < 0.001). Lower proportions of patients in the TCTD group underwent major amputation (2.9% versus 23%; p < 0.001) or had recurrences 2.9% versus 17%, OR 0.20 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.45]; p < 0.001) than the control group in 2-year follow-up. In the feet of the patients in the TCTD group, there was a higher density of small vessels and higher blood flow and blood volume 12 weeks postoperatively than preoperatively. Conclusion: Proximal tibial cortex transverse distraction substantially facilitated healing and limb salvage and decreased the recurrence of severe and recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers. The surgical techniques were relatively straightforward although the treatment was unorthodox, and the complications were few and minor. These findings suggest that tibial cortex transverse distraction is an effective procedure to treat severe and recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers compared with standard surgical therapy. Randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings.

OBJECTIVE:The treatment of recalcitrant not-diabetic leg ulcers remains challenging. Distraction osteogenesis is accompanying by angiogenesis and neovascularization in the surrounding tissues. We previously applied tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) to patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers and found neovascularization and increased perfusion in the foot and consequently enhanced healing and limb salvage and reduced recurrence. However, the effects of TTT on recalcitrant non-diabetic leg ulcer remains largely unknown. METHODS:Consecutive patients (n ​= ​85) with recalcitrant non-diabetic leg ulcers (University of Texas Grade 2-B to 3-D, ie, wound penetrating to the tendon, capsule, bone, or joint with infection and/or ischemia) were recruited and divided into TTT (n ​= ​42) and control (n ​= ​43) groups based on the treatment they received. There were 36 (85.7%) arterial ulcers, 4 (9.5%) venous ulcers and 2 (4.8%) mixed ulcers in the TTT group and 32 (74.4%) arterial ulcers, 7 (16.7%) venous ulcers and 4 (9.3%) mixed ulcers in the control group (p ​> ​0.05). The two groups were matched on demographic and clinical characteristics. Patients in the TTT group underwent tibial corticotomy followed by 4 weeks of distraction medially then laterally, while those in the control group received conventional surgeries (debridements, revascularization, reconstruction with flaps, or skin grafts or equivalents). Ulcer healing and healing time, limb salvage, recurrence, and patient death were evaluated at a 1-year follow-up. Changes in leg small vessels were assessed in the TTT group using computed tomography angiography (CTA). RESULTS:TTT group had higher healing rates at 1-year follow-up than the control group (78.6% [33/42] vs. 58.1% [25/43], OR 2.64 [95% CI 1.10 to 6.85], p ​= ​0.04). The healing time of the TTT group was shorter than the control group (4.5 vs. 6.1 months, mean difference -1.60 [95% CI -2.93 to -0.26], p ​= ​0.02). There were no significant differences in rates of major amputation, reulceration, or mortality between the groups (p ​> ​0.05). TTT group displayed more small vessels 4 weeks postoperatively at the wound area, the foot, and the calf of the ipsilateral side in CTA. All patients in the TTT group achieved good union at the osteotomy site and had no skin or soft tissue necrosis or infection around the incision area. CONCLUSION:The findings showed that TTT facilitated the healing of recalcitrant non-diabetic leg ulcers and reduced the healing time compared with conventional surgeries. They suggest that TTT is an effective procedure to treat recalcitrant non-diabetic foot ulcers compared with standard surgical therapy. The procedure of TTT is relatively simple. Randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE:TTT can be used as an effective treatment for recalcitrant non-diabetic leg ulcers in patients. The mechanism may be associated with the neovascularization in the ulcerated foot induced by TTT and consequently increased perfusion. Together with previous findings from recalcitrant diabetic leg ulcers, the findings suggest TTT as an effective procedure to treat recalcitrant chronic leg ulcers.

目的:探讨重度糖尿病足胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗后创面愈合方式及机制.方法:2014年12月至2018年6月收治136例重度糖尿病足患者.按照Wagner分级标准,3级66例、4级60例、5级10例.按照TEXAS分级标准,2B级32例、2C级2例、2D级11例、3B级13例、3D级78例.均采用胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗.对创面愈合过程进行大体观察,同时分别于术前及术后1个月复诊时切取创面边缘组织,HE染色观察创面组织形态,免疫组织化学染色观察Ki-67、CD31和血管内皮生长因子(vascular en-dothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达情况.结果:①创面大体观察结果.术后初期创面处于炎性期,有炎性细胞浸润,创面黄白;随后有新鲜肉芽组织形成,肉芽组织由创面周围向创面中心移行,创面红润,进入增生期;肉芽组织覆盖创面的过程中,上皮组织逐渐由创面四周向中心移行,1～3个月时创面愈合50%左右,上皮组织最终覆盖创面,仅留线性瘢痕.②创面组织形态观察结果.术前创面边缘组织表皮结构不完整,坏死结构较多.术后1个月创面边缘组织可清晰地观察到完整表皮结构,分为角质层、颗粒层、棘层和基底层;真皮层结缔组织中可观察到血管及胶原纤维,纤维结构少见.术前、术后创面边缘组织表皮均有大量炎性细胞浸润.③术后1个月时,创面边缘组织中 Ki -67、CD31、VEGF染色阳性细胞面积百分比均大于术前[(1.850 ± 1.287)%, (7.480 ± 5.272)%,Z＝3.292,P＝0.001;(0.395 ± 0.139)%,(1.082 ± 0.636)%,Z＝3.403,P＝0.001;(0.341 ± 0.217)%,(2.428 ± 1.502)%,Z＝3.780,P＝0.000].结论:胫骨横向骨搬移术能有效促进重度糖尿病足创面愈合,治疗后创面愈合方式为再生愈合,其机制可能是该手术能促进创面组织细胞增殖与毛细血管再生.

目的:分析重度糖尿病足(diabetic foot,DF)胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗后创面愈合的规律.方法:回顾性分析接受过胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗的重度(Wagner分级3级以上)DF患者的病例资料.统计患者的Wagner分级和创面类型.创面类型分为足趾创面、足背创面、足底创面、足跟创面、踝部以上创面、巨大创面及复杂创面,各类别不重复统计.以骨搬移开始后第1天为创面观察的起始点,从患者的病例资料中提取信息统计创面愈合时间及创面愈合过程中炎症期结束时间、增殖期开始时间、成熟期开始时间.结果:纳入研究的患者共96例.男72例,女24例;年龄32～86岁,中位数61岁;糖尿病病程1～28年,中位数8年;糖尿病足病程1～132个月,中位数2个月;Wagner 3级47例,Wagner 4级40例,Wagner 5级9例;足趾创面39例,足背创面14例,足底创面10例,足跟创面4例,踝部以上创面4例,巨大创面29例,复杂创面17例.96例DF患者的创面均愈合,其中75例可确定准确的创面愈合时间,创面愈合时间为(4.1±2.6)个月.不同Wagner分级DF创面愈合时间比较,差异有统计学意义[(3.3±2.7)个月,(4.5±2.6)个月,(7.3±1.3)个月,F=7.514,P=0.001];Wagner 3级和Wagner 4级DF创面的愈合时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.068);Wagner 3级、Wagner 4级DF创面的愈合时间均比Wagner 5级短(P=0.000,P=0.010).不同类型DF创面愈合时间比较,差异有统计学意义[(3.3±1.8)个月,(4.0±3.9)个月,(2.8±1.0)个月,(5.5±2.8)个月,(4.1±2.5)个月,(5.4±2.9)个月,(5.3±2.3)个月,F=2.423,P=0.033];巨大创面和复杂创面的愈合时间均比足趾创面和足底创面的愈合时间长(P=0.005,P=0.017;P=0.021,P=0.036),其余各种类型的创面愈合时间两两比较,组间差异均无统计学意义.96例DF患者的创面生长方式大致相同,炎症期在骨搬移开始后(32.2±28.9)d结束,增殖期在骨搬移开始后(10.9±6.5)d开始,成熟期在骨搬移开始后(20.3±13.9)d开始.结论:采用胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗重度DF,Wagner 5级DF创面愈合时间长,巨大创面和复杂创面愈合时间长,但各级各类重度DF创面的生长方式大致相同.