以云烟品牌云南原料基地5市(州)37县1130份土壤样品和中部烟叶样品为材料,对氯含量特征进行了分析和区划研究.结果 表明:云烟品牌省内原料基地中部烟叶氯含量平均值为0.29％,氯含量＜0.3％的分布频率高达71.33％,0.3％～0.8％适宜区间的样品分布频率仅有22.75％.土壤氯平均含量为15.37 mg/kg,样品分布频率最高的是＜10.0 mg/kg区间,占61.68％,适宜区间10.0～30.0 mg/kg样品分布频率仅为28.23％.水溶性氯含量最高的海拔段是1800～2000m,最低的是＜1600m;中壤土的水溶性氯含量最高,轻粘土和中粘土含量较低.云烟品牌云南原料基地中,仅有28.23％的土壤样本和22.75％的烟叶样本在适宜范围内,有61.68％的土壤样本和71.33％的烟叶样本氯含量低于适宜范围.

[目的]明确昆明烟区土壤养分与烟叶化学成分之间的关系,从而为昆明烟区的优质烤烟生产提供理论依据.[方法]采用描述统计和典型相关分析方法分析昆明烟区土壤养分与烟叶化学成分之间的关系.[结果]昆明烟区植烟土壤pH值总体适宜,有机质含量较为丰富,速效氮含量较高,有效磷的含量中等但不均衡.速效钾含量丰富,氯离子含量处于中等偏低水平,但分布极不均衡.昆明烟区的烟叶总糖、还原糖含量较高,烟碱、总氮和氮碱比适中,钾、氯含量较低,但钾氯比较高.典型相关分析结果表明,昆明烟区土壤养分与烟叶主要化学成分含量之间存在明显的相关性.[结论]在一定范围内,土壤pH值、有机质和氨离子含量的降低与烤后烟叶烟碱、总氮的降低是一致的;土壤速效钾含量、有效磷含量与烤后烟叶总耱、还原糖、钾含量以及氮碱比、钾氯比、糖碱比的增加是一致的.

[目的]为完善早植烤烟栽培技术.[方法]研究了膜下小苗移栽不同揭膜培土时间对烟叶外观质量、化学成分、感官评吸和致香物质含量的影响.[结果]膜下小苗移栽较常规方式移栽烟叶品质差异显著.其中,移栽后15 d揭膜培土处理的烟叶化学成分最协调,外观质量得分最高,香气量足,刺激性较小,余味舒适,香气物质,特别是新植二烯含量高.[结论]该研究为提高烟叶品质,完善该区域特色优质烟叶栽培技术提供理论依据.

In order to explore the effect of transplanting under different altitude on the growth physiology of tobacco plants, field experiment was carried out in the field of Hongyun Honghe tobacco company base unit. The results showed that under the same elevation,the growth period of transplanted tobacco was better than that of conventional transplanting;under different altitude,the growth of flue-cured tobacco with the altitude of 2000 m was the best;different parts of each elevation height of tobacco dry weight of both showed that elevation 1800 m > altitude of 2000 m > 1600 m above sea level,the dry matter weight of the transplanted tobacco leaves was significantly higher than that of the conventional transplanted tobacco plants;in the first 60 days of the growth of the tobacco plant,the SPAD value of the transplanted tobacco plant was higher,and the SPAD value of the conventional transplanted tobacco plant was slightly higher than that of the transplanted tobacco plant with the growth period,and the SPAD values increased with altitude;the root activity of the two transgenic plants was increased first and then decreased,and the root activity of the transgenic plants was significantly higher than that of the conventional transplanted tobacco;the activity of nitrate reductase reached the maximum at 60 days,and there was a significant difference between the two different transplanting methods.

为进一步了解云南省植烟土壤理化性状分布特征及其关系,于2014年和2015年对云南省12个州(市)采集2 127份土壤样品进行测定分析.结果表明:1)云南省植烟土壤物理性粘粒质量分数平均50.91％,偏重壤土,pH值以及养分平均质量分数除有机质偏高外,均适宜优质烤烟生产.2)12个州(市)间植烟土壤的物理性粘粒和养分质量分数差异有统计学意义(p<0.01),红河和文山物理性粘粒质量分数最高,保山和大理的有机质和速效氮质量分数最丰富,曲靖和昭通速效钾最丰富,昆明、楚雄和临沧有效硼最丰富,德宏和普洱的pH值和养分质量分数较低.3)文山43.08％和红河52.34％的土壤物理性粘粒质量分数大于60％,需适当调节土壤通透性;德宏66.67％,临沧54.78％和普洱53.69％的土壤pH值小于5.5,需调节土壤酸碱度;普洱58.40％和41.61％的土壤速效氮和速效磷质量分数缺乏,需增施氮肥和磷肥;各州(市)均存在35.41％～66.67％土壤速效钾质量分数缺乏,需增施钾肥;红河49.99％土壤有效硼质量分数缺乏,需增施硼肥;大理30.41％,曲靖20.80％和昭通16.66％的植烟土壤水溶性氯质量分数大于30mg/kg,应当适当控制含氯肥料施用.4)云南省植烟土壤有机质、速效氮、速效钾和有效硼质量分数与物理性粘粒质量分数的R2值较高(0.696 2～0.885 9),有机质和速效氮和有效硼质量分数存在随物理性粘粒质量分数升高而先升高再降低趋势,速效钾质量分数存在随物理性粘粒质量分数升高而升高的趋势.

[目的]研究适合红花大金元栽培的氮钾比,为该品种的抗性栽培提供理论依据.[方法]采用不同氮钾比配施,对红花大金元农艺性状、生理指标、营养元素和化学成分进行比较.[结果]氮钾比较低的情况下,红花大金元的株高、茎围、叶面积系数、最大叶面积等都有所增加;POD、CAT、PPO、类黄酮、总酚、可溶性糖含量较高,烤烟蛋白质、总氮的含量较低;随着施氮量的提高,红花大金元品种在移栽后前期长势相对较好,烟叶生理指标有所提高,化学成分有所改善;过高的施氮量导致化学成分协调性下降.[结论]施氮钾比在1∶5的情况下,红花大金元品种的农艺性状、生理指标和化学成分的表现最好,氮钾比为1∶3的情况下各项指标表现最差.

The 14 indexes for the soil nutrient content of 215 samples from tobacco production areas in Longyang were an-alyzed in the present work. The results indicated that the pH value and organic matter content were moderate, and the content of available P was adequate. The contents of available Cu, Zn, S and exchangeable Ca, Mg were more abundant, contents of alkaline-hydrolyzed N and rapidly available K were insufficient, and that of available B and Mn were obvious-ly deficient. The characteristics of soil nutrient of 10 tobacco-growing townsmight be divided into three categories by sys-tem cluster analysis, among which available P and Zn, B, S and water soluble Cl contents from Wayao, Shuizhai, Wa-ma, Yangliu, Pupiao and Xiyi township were higher, and the contents of organic matter, pH value, alkaline-hydrolyzed N, exchangeable Mg, available Cu and M were higher in Xinjie. The contents of rapidly-available P, available Fe and exchangeable Ca from Hanzhuang, Binma and Wadu were higher. Based on the results, some fertilization strategies were put forward herein.

The effects of seeding date and temperature-increasing measures on the seedling quality of flue-cured tobacco in sunlight-board greenhouse were studied in Fujin area of Heilongjiang province.The results showed that the optimum seeding date was March 20th,the proper pseudo-transplanting date of seedlings was April 11th,and the suitable seedling-raising measures were as follows: bespreading the brick on the ground as temperature-keeping layer(20 cm in thickness),and filling up surface soil(5 cm in thickness) on the brick layer as seedbed.Through adopting the above seeding date and seedling-raising measures,the tobacco seedling quality before transplanting had the following performances: the seedbed period was 60 days,stem height was 10.5 cm,stem diameter was 0.61 cm,the number of euphylla was 9.2,fresh weight per plant was 7.78 g,and dry weight per plant was 0.38 g.