Accurate simulation of wind energy resources requires effective coupling of mesoscale and microscale models to resolve both atmospheric dynamics and site-specific turbine effects. However, scale mismatches often introduce significant errors into the modeling process. This study proposes a hierarchical meso-microscale coupled method that leverages the Wind Driven Optimization (WDO) algorithm to optimize dynamic inflow wind profiles derived from mesoscale WRF simulations. By improving the vertical distribution of wind speed at microscale inflow boundaries, the method enhances the physical consistency and accuracy of large-eddy simulations in complex terrain environments. Validation results show that WDO-Optimized profiles consistently outperform traditional polynomial and swarm-based methods in reducing velocity field errors across various temporal scales. This approach offers a robust and computationally efficient framework for improving wind field prediction accuracy, contributing to more reliable wind energy resource assessments and turbine layout planning in heterogeneous atmospheric conditions.

Urban green spaces (UGS) offer significant economic benefits that are well captured by housing value. Traditional valuation research focuses on the impact of UGS size and proximity on housing prices, neglecting the contribution of other green space characteristics such as quality, type, and shape, as well as how to guide the balanced construction of UGS. To address this gap, we use Wuhan, a Chinese city with high housing sales volume, as a case study. We use multi-source geographic big data and machine learning to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics and value added by UGS, deploying a combined random forest and multi-scale geographically weighted regression model. We find that the quality, type, and shape of UGS have far greater ability to add value to housing than do UGS scale and distance. In particular, quality-related characteristics exhibit an extremely large and stable positive effect on housing value. In addition, we also discovered threshold effects of scale, type, shape, and quality characteristics, beyond which the value-added benefits of green spaces will be greatly reduced. Based on these findings, we group green space characteristics by value added and propose a method of regulating green spaces in Wuhan. This method will help urban planners and policy makers better identify the differences in value added by the multiple characteristics of green spaces and provide new guidance for optimising their features.

The morphology of urban blocks significantly influences carbon emissions and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution, pose critical challenges to the sustainable development of urban areas. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship remain insufficiently understood. This study focused on blocks within Wuhan’s central urban area, calculating morphological indicators, carbon emission intensity (CEI), and average PM2.5 concentration for each block. Generalized additive models, mediation effect models, and multiscale geographically weighted regression were employed to identify block morphological indicators that exhibit either synergistic or divergent effects on carbon emissions and PM2.5, to explore mediating mechanisms, and to assess spatial heterogeneity. The results show that: (1) Significant spatial autocorrelation was observed in the synergy between CEI and PM2.5 concentrations, displaying pronounced clustered distribution patterns; (2) The indicators building density (BD), floor area ratio (FAR), mean building height (BH), space crowding degree (SCD), and blue-green space ratio (BGR) exerted distinctly different influences on CEI compared to their effects on PM2.5, while building evenness index (BEI) demonstrated consistent effects on both CEI and PM2.5. mean canopy height (CH) and green volume ratio (GVR) exhibited partially overlapping effects on CEI and PM2.5; (3) Block morphology significantly influenced PM2.5 concentrations through CEI, with all indicators showing mediation proportions exceeding 7 %. Conversely, the influence of block morphology on CEI via PM2.5 was minimal, with the highest mediation proportion reaching only 4.88 %; (4) The impact of block morphology on the synergy of CEI and PM2.5 presented significant spatial heterogeneity, with BGR and GVR primarily exerting negative effects on the synergy index across different blocks, while the other six indicators showed a comparable number of blocks experiencing both positive and negative effects.

The frequent occurrence of extreme heat events has notably affected human's living environment, and a considerable number of studies have reported that green space is an efficient measure by investigating the correlation between green space and land surface temperature (LST). However, spatiotemporal effects of green space on LST still remain unclear. In this study, green space patterns (e.g., core, islet, perforation, edge, loop, bridge, and branch) were identified through morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA). Moreover, the effects of green space pattern on LST in three periods were investigated through three kinds of models. As indicated by the results: (1) the geographically and temporally weighted regression model exhibited the optimal performance compared with other two models. (2) in general, the core, the edge, the bridge, and the branch significantly contributed to cooling, and the islet hindered cooling. However, the perforation and the loop exerted significant dual nature effects with the similar quantity of the negative and positive coefficients, showing relatively complex impact mechanism. (3) the intensity of the effect of the respective MSPA class varied across the study area. The core had the most substantial effect, which distributed in the south and middle corners. (4) the result suggested that a neighborhood scale in China, which was 960 m in this study, served as a basic unit in green space management. The spatiotemporal non-stationarity of the effects of green space morphological patterns on LST provided important insights into urban thermal environment improvement through urban green space planning and design.

Since 2019, COVID-19 has triggered a renewed investigation of the urban environment and disease outbreak. While the results have been inconsistent, it has been observed that the quantity of urban green spaces (UGS) is correlated with the risk of COVID-19. However, the spatial pattern has largely been ignored, especially on the community scale. In high-density communities where it is difficult to increase UGS quantity, UGS spatial pattern could be a crucial predictive variable. Thus, this study investigated the relative contribution of quantity and spatial patterns of UGS on COVID-19 risk at the community scale using a random forest (RF) regression model based on (n = 44) communities in Wuhan. Findings suggested that 8 UGS indicators can explain 35% of the risk of COVID-19, and the four spatial pattern metrics that contributed most were core, edge, loop, and branch whereas UGS quantity contributed least. The potential mechanisms between UGS and COVID-19 are discussed, including the influence of UGS on residents' social distance and environmental factors in the community. This study offers a new perspective on optimizing UGS for public health and sustainable city design to combat pandemics and inspire future research on the specific relationship between UGS spatial patterns and pandemics and therefore help establish mechanisms of UGS and pandemics.

Urban green space (UGS) can effectively reduce particulate pollution. However, the spatially heterogeneous nature of PM2.5 and the impact of UGS morphological spatial patterns (MSPs) on PM2.5 remain largely unknown, as most related studies have focused solely on global spatial performance. This study analyses the local relationships between MSPs and PM2.5 using geographically weighted regression (GWR). It provides a novel framework for systematic analysis by regarding landscape metrics (LMs) as indexes of MSPs (i.e., a MSP-LM framework). Compared with ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, GWR significantly improves the model's R2 (OLS: 0.002–0.233, GWR: 0.92–0.97) and yields a higher local R2 outside the second ring road. The local coefficients of perforation, core, and edge are significantly negative over 60% of the study area, while the coefficients of islet and branch are significantly positive over 66% of the area. In terms of the LMs of MSPs, improving the LMs of edges and cores can significantly reduce PM2.5. Increasing edge density has the best performance. Our study not only provides a basis for reducing PM2.5 but also contributes a common research method for exploring related environmental issues such as SO2 to promote sustainable urban development.

Urban green space morphology (UGSM) yields more overall ecological benefits in high-density urban areas. However, the types of UGSMs and the scale effects of the spatial heterogeneity of UGSM indicators (seven MSPs) on PM2.5 pollution remain largely unknown. Multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) was used to analyse the relationship between UGSM and PM2.5 at four geographical scales across five periods in Wuhan, generating a novel multiscale spatiotemporal evolution analytical framework (multi-SSTE). Morphological spatial pattern analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis methods were used to identify UGSMs. The evolution of UGSM took the form of "polygon UGSM -> line-polygon UGSM -> point-line-polygon UGSM ". Over 60% of the changes in PM2.5 were explained by UGSMs, with the best performance in reducing PM2.5 obtained in the point-line-polygon UGSM. Compared with ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, MGWR significantly increased the R-2 value (OLS: 0.15-0.51, MGWR: 0.55-0.95), but this advantage decreased with an increase in geographical scale. The results suggested that 2 km x 2 km was the best scale for analysis of the spatial heterogeneity between UGSM and PM2.5. In terms of seven MSPs, the cores had the most stable local spatial variable properties in the UGSMs in 2000, 2010 and 2015 (bandwidths: 43-50). Our research not only sheds light on the complex relationship between UGSM and PM2.5 but also contributes a common theoretical framework for other ecological environment issues.

Chinese Traditional Gardens (CTGs) are an important part of China’s cultural inheritance from the past. Today’s China has experienced rapid urbanization, raising the need for a new form of contemporary gardens intended to satisfy peoples’ need for traditional culture. Garden paths are important in CTGs; they are designed to show visitors changing views with each step, and to lead them to secluded, quiet places via winding paths. This enhances the ornamental interest of the gardens. Based on plane graphics, this study evaluates the characteristics of three types of garden paths in fourteen traditional gardens and a contemporary antique garden, the Daguan Garden in Beijing. The analysis uses correlation and factor analysis to integrate 28 quantitative path indicators into five aspects of average, scale, network, wide, and aggregation. The 28 indicators can be expressed by six simple indicators: average connection length, number of path sections, alpha index, average width, average tortuous angle, and concentration degree. The results show small variations of garden paths between traditional gardens, but a considerable difference between the contemporary garden and traditional gardens. The research proposes a framework for the quantification and comparison of garden path features that can be applied before and after garden path construction, for both ancient and modern garden styles. This framework generates garden path feature values and theoretical values of six indicators, and is not constrained by the garden scale. Therefore, it provides an accurate and efficient design tool for garden designers.

城市绿色空间在提供舒适人居环境方面发挥着重要作用.通过CiteSpace进行文献分析,探讨近年与城市绿色空间相关的国家自然科学基金面上项目产出成果的热点内容与相应技术方法,总结存在的不足.结果表明:近年的研究主要集中在调节微气候、缓解大气污染、生态系统服务评估、景观格局、城市绿地率及促进公共健康6个方面,前两者以实测与模拟为主要研究方法,中间三者分别以模型评估、指数计算、差异分析和空间分析为主流方法,后者则以模型计算、问卷和结构方程模型为主导方法;公园城市、国土空间规划为城市绿色空间研究的新兴领域,有持续的研究前景.以此满足风景园林视角下的国家重大发展需求,为城市绿色空间的后续研究提供思路引导与方法借鉴.

To improve the atmospheric environment by optimizing urban morphology, this study develops a random forest (RF) model to investigate the influence of urban morphology on PM2.5 variations via the relative importance of urban morphology and the nonlinear response relationship between urban morphology and PM2.5. Two indices-reduction range (C-down arrow) and rate (C-v) of PM2.5 concentrations-are defined to evaluate the temporal variations of PM2.5. Results show that RF models are more accurate and perform better than multiple linear regression models, with R-2 ranging from 0.861 to 0.936. Five out of nine urban morphological indicators have the most significant contribution to PM2.5 reduction. For each indicator, the nonlinear response relationship shows similar trends in general, despite of the difference at the higher pollution level. Building evenness index and water body area ratio have a similar response such that C-down arrow and C-v sharply increase and tend to be stable when they reach at 0.05 and 8 %, respectively. With the increase in vegetated area ratio, the change of C-down arrow presents an inverted V-shape trend with the turning point of about 20 %; however, the change of C-v greatly differs from the pollution level. A higher density of the low-rising buildings with one to three floors will lead to a small reduction rate but a greater reduction range of PM2.5. Floor area ratio values generally show a negative and nonlinear influence on C-down arrow and C-v. This study provides useful implications for planners and managers for PM2.5 reduction through neighborhood morphology optimization.

绿地系统的空间格局、驱动力分析和评价及其与相关政策的关联性研究能够为绿地系统的未来规划进行指导.伦敦是推动世界建设城市环城绿带的成功典范,本文基于ENVI5.3、GIS平台,通过形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)方法,从时间维度、绿地空间格局类型及其与相关政策的关系三个角度,对1975年来伦敦绿地系统进行深入探究.笔者发现绿地系统自1975年以来经历了"分—合—分"的发展轨迹,其发展可分为1975-1985年的破碎化趋向、1985-2010年的带状绿地整合化和2010-2018年间"点—线—面"状绿地网络化三个阶段.整体而言,英国绿地系统空间格局形态的变化情况与相关政策的实施密不可分,尤其21世纪初来,核心、孤岛、边缘、桥连接、分支、环、孔隙等7类绿地格局形态均在政策影响下得以大幅度优化.但作为一个不断发展与完善的动态系统,绿地系统的发展受建设用地、裸地等驱动因子的影响,会出现某一时段内"自组织"的发展现象;此外,日后在"公园城市"的建设过程中应尤其重视保护和建设起过渡作用的"孔隙"和"边缘"两种绿地格局形态.

居住区绿地作为城市绿地的主要组成肌理,对改善空气质量起着重要作用.首次将ENVI-met用于居住小区绿地布局与PM2.5的模拟,选取武汉市典型的一类、二类、三类小区,定量分析不同草地、乔木布局对PM2.5的影响.研究表明,集中型的草地布局、四周型的乔木布局能更有效降低小区PM2.5浓度;分散型的草地布局、集中型的乔木布局最不利于消减PM2.5;四周型的乔木布局对阻滞道路上PM2.5的扩散效果最佳.同种绿地布局形式下,二类小区的平均PM25浓度最低,三类小区最高,PM2.5空间分布在3类小区中也具有一定的差异.研究揭示了居住小区绿地布局对PM2.5的影响机制,为小区绿地的规划设计实践提供一定参考.

The impact of residential segregation on socio-spatial equity and urban stability is a crucial concern for sustainable urban development. Advances in geographic data, such as mobile signaling data (MSD), provide new opportunities to understand residential segregation in the spatiotemporal context at the traffic analysis zone (TAZ) level. Using recordings of 19.3 million mobile users in Shanghai, we measured the diversity of spatiotemporal behavior among residents living in central urban (RC) and noncentral urban areas (RN). We eliminated the influence of different population densities by the odds ratio (OR). A SARIMA model was formulated to forecast the OR in the central and noncentral urban. The findings suggest that residential segregation can be inferred through the spatial distribution and changes of residents? activity space. TAZs with high homogeneity levels between RC and RN in central urban declined 83.7 % on the weekend than workdays, while in the noncentral urban increased 149.3 %, which reflected employment-housing spatial mismatch of RN and potential less satisfaction of leisure activities of RC. The periods 12:00-14:00 and 18:00-20:00 were confirmed as having the highest inter-urban mobility in the central and noncentral urban, respectively. The research contributes to understanding the social welfare and sustainable development of Chinese cities.

The influence to filamentation of femtosecond by atmospheric turbulence at wavelength of 400 nm has been studied numerically. Simulations show that the distance of filamentation at 400 nm is advanced, the number of filaments increases, and the energy of filaments decreases with the addition of turbulent screen. Compared with the filaments formed by the 800 nm femtosecond laser, the nonlinear propagation of 400 nm laser has a longer filamentation distance in the turbulent atmosphere, and the clamping light intensity of the filaments is higher, but the number of filaments has reduced. With the increase of propagation distance, the multifilament structure disappears and the beam gradually converges into a stable monofilament structure. The position of the monofilament structure at 400 nm is closer than the 800 nm. Therefore, stable filament structure can be obtained more easily with a femtosecond laser at 400 nm.

绿地系统的类型、景观组分及驱动力分析和评价能够为绿地系统的未来规划起到指导作用.伦敦是推动世界建设城市环城绿带的最成功典范.以其为例,首先依据相关政策研究了1975-2018年6个时间点的绿地变化情况.而后借助ENVI5.3、ArcMap 10.5、混淆矩阵和MSPA等技术方法从时间、空间维度与绿地格局的类型层面对其1975年来的绿地系统进行了深入探究,提出从时空变化到驱动力分析的绿地系统研究思路.结果 表明:1)伦敦1975年来的绿地系统发展可分为3个阶段:1975-1990年的缓慢减少期、1990-2011年的迅速恶化期、2011年至今的迅速恢复与完善期,绿地面积占比从1975年的39.83％下降至1990年的38.57％、201 1年的30.71％,最后迅速上升至2018年的44.45％;2)核心区景观类型从占该年绿地系统比例39.83％的253.16km2增长至2018年的310.7km2,但边缘仅增加了3.08km2,绿地与周边非绿地系统用地的过渡地带有待于进一步完善;3)研究时间段总体变化的kappa系数为0.68.土地利用类型的变化程度依次为33％、29％、34％、22％、37％,总体变化程度为32％;植被用地的平均变化率依次为21.73％、18.70％、21.63％、15.55％、21.66％,总体变化率为19.39％;主要的驱动力,建设用地＞裸地＞水域;基于MSPA与混淆矩阵的绿地研究方法具有可行性.

As more and more regions step into the aging society all over the world, research on the relationship between population aging and urban development becomes more extensive. Shanghai, one of the densely-populated cities, is faced with severe population aging problems. Focusing on the disparities between the city's central and outer districts, this study evaluates elderly visitors' behaviors to community parks in Shanghai and related impact factors via mobile phone signaling data (conveying the spatiotemporal behavioral patterns of the elderly) and a multiple linear regression equation. The researched factors included popularity density, the traveling distance from the elderly's living places to community parks, urban facility density, etc. The results suggested that both the total and elder population density, and the traveling distance had significant impacts on the elderly's visiting behaviors. Moreover, the impact mechanism differ between the central and outer districts. Therefore, specific planning and design guidance for different districts should be proposed to optimize the community park layout so as to promote community support for the elderly care and health justice.

构成城市肌理的普遍街区的空间形态与颗粒物浓度存在显著差异.基于武汉市18个空气质量监测点的PM10、PM2.5数据与二维、三维街区形态指标,揭示不同街区形态与PM10、PM2.5之间的深层关系规律,以期为城市规划管控提供参考.双变量相关分析与一元回归分析揭示了街区形态与PM10、PM2.5的相关性及其影响规律,多元线性回归分析揭示不同街区形态对PM10、PM2.5变化的贡献度.结果 表明,街区之间的平均PM10、PM2.5浓度分别在城市平均水平55％～ 106％、59％～ 117％之间浮动,绿化覆盖率、道路面积率和相对高程对PM10、PM2.5具有显著影响,相对高程与绿化覆盖率对PM10变化的贡献度达83.0％,绿化覆盖率对PM2.5变化的贡献度达72.5％,道路面积率对PM10、PM2.5变化的贡献度分别为17.0％、27.5％.

文章以武汉市汉阳区为例,基于城市POI点数据以及网络分析方法,结合城市现有道路,分析POI点服务范围,并依据服务范围对城市道路的建设需求进行评价;结合客观测量的视觉敏感度分析,采用双因素组合将城市道路分为高需求-高敏感绿道、高需求-低敏感绿道、低需求-高敏感绿道、低需求-低敏感绿道4种类型,在此基础上提出分类规划策略,并完成最终绿道线路选择.结合城市大数据的研究对于高密度建成环境中的绿道选线具有重要的借鉴意义.

In this study, a femtosecond laser cloud and fog transmission model, which considers the nonlinear optical effect, turbulence disturbance, and particle scattering, is established based on the concept of the stratified scattering medium transmission model. Further, the influence of atmospheric disturbances, including atmospheric turbulence and particle scattering, on dynamic evolution of the femtosecond laser transmission filaments is numerically studied. The results show that atmospheric turbulence can cause the pulse shape to change in an irregular manner; in addition, atmospheric turbulence significantly affects the pulse energy flow during the self-focusing filamentation process. The attenuation of pulse energy can be attributed to particle scattering, thereby affecting the formation process of optical filaments. As the femtosecond laser travels through the cloud and fog, the length of the optical filament will decrease, the energy attenuation during the filamentation process will be accelerated, and the total deposited pulse energy will increase with the increasing particle number concentration and particle radius. The results presented here can provide some theoretical basis to evaluate the efficiency of the femtosecond laser related applications under real atmospheric conditions.