Objective:To construct a training program to improve the psychological nursing ability of clinical nurses, so as to provide a strong guarantee for the clinical development of psychological nursing.Methods:By consulting the literature, related books and investigating the curriculum of nursing colleges, the first draft of the training program was drawn up. Four departments of Cardiovascular Medicine of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from May to August 2019 were recruited and 64 nurses were trained. After the training, the training program was revised again. After two rounds of training and modification, the second draft of the training program was formed, and then Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation on the second draft of the training program.Results:The positive coefficients of experts in the two rounds of consultation were 94.1% and 96.7% respectively, and the average authority coefficient of experts was 0.81. The final training contents included 5 first-class indexes, 18 second-class indexes and 45 third-class indexes. The coefficient of variation of each item of training contents was 0.06-0.23, and the coefficient of variation of training methods and training duration of each part was 0.06-0.17.Conclusions:The training program is scientific, reasonable, detailed and practical, which can provide guarantee for improving the psychological nursing ability of clinical nurses.

目的:分析非暴力沟通培训对护士沟通能力和住院患者护患信任度及对护理服务满意度的影响.方法:2020年10月-12月,选取湖南省某三级甲等医院3个科室6个病区的护士为干预对象,住院患者为观察对象.以病区为单位分为对照组和干预组,对照组病区的38名护士按照专科在职培训计划接受每月的专科培训,干预组病区的38名护士在对照组的基础上增加非暴力沟通培训.在干预前及干预结束后1个月收集两组护士沟通能力量表的得分,在护士接受培训结束后的1个月收集患者的护患关系信任度量表及纽卡斯尔护理服务满意度量表的得分.结果:干预后干预组护士沟通能力总分及各维度得分高于对照组(P＜0.05);干预组患者护患关系信任度及对护理服务的满意度得分均高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:对护士进行非暴力沟通培训能够提高护士的沟通能力及患者的护患关系信任度和对护理服务的满意度.

目的 调查急危重症护士心理困扰的现状,分析心理弹性和情绪调节策略对心理困扰的影响.方法 选取长沙市3所三级甲等医院的216名急危重症护士作为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、心理困扰量表、心理弹性量表和情绪调节问卷进行问卷调查.结果 急危重症护士的心理困扰总分为(21.15±6.01)分;心理困扰与心理弹性各维度(坚韧、自强和乐观)均呈负相关(r=-0.366～-0.482,P<0.01),与情绪调节策略的认知重评维度呈负相关(r=-0.305,P<0.05),而与情绪调节的表达抑制维度不相关(r=0.021,P>0.05);在控制一般资料的影响后,心理弹性的自强维度和情绪调节策略的认知重评维度对急危重症护士心理困扰有显著影响(P<0.05).结论 急危重症护士的心理困扰问题严重,护理管理者可针对急危重症护士开展心理弹性和情绪调节相关培训,侧重于提升自强和认知重评能力,从而有效改善急危重症护士的心理状况.

目的:调查精神障碍患儿父母育儿胜任感及心理困扰的现状,并分析育儿胜任感对其心理困扰的影响.方法:选取6～18岁儿童的父母342名,包括精神障碍患儿父母178名和正常儿童父母164名,采用一般资料问卷、育儿胜任感量表和凯斯勒心理困扰量表进行问卷调查.结果:精神障碍患儿父母的育儿胜任感得分低于正常儿童父母(t=-4.167,P＜0.05),心理困扰得分高于正常儿童父母(t=2.280,P＜0.05).患儿父母育儿胜任感、育儿效能感和满意度与心理困扰得分均呈负相关(r=＝-0.511,-0.314,-0.456;P＜0.001);父母经济收入、身体健康、婚姻状况和育儿胜任感是患儿父母心理困扰的影响因素(调整后R2=0.305,P＜0.001).结论:精神障碍患儿父母的育儿胜任感水平较低,心理困扰问题严重,父母育儿胜任感对其心理困扰存在一定影响.

目的 描述初中学生睡眠现状并探讨其对精神健康的影响.方法 采用自行设计的一般资料调查表、睡眠情况调查表及长处和困难问卷(学生版)调查分层整群随机抽样法确定的653名初中学生的睡眠及精神健康情况.结果 ①初中学生每晚平均睡眠时长为(7.85±1.35)h,自我感觉睡眠很好的学生仅占35.5％,29.7％的学生经常上床后30 min睡不着,13.2％的学生晚上会多次醒来,早上能容易起床的学生仅占60.3％,而仅有66.2％的学生能在上课时间保持清醒;②困难总得分为(12.09±5.67)分,其中行为问题得分为(2.42±1.66)分,多动-注意缺陷得分为(3.65±2.08)分,情绪症状得分为(2.82±2.32)分,同伴关系问题得分为(3.21±1.79)分,亲社会行为得分为(7.02±2.39)分.精神健康问题检出率最高的为亲社会行为(占14.5％),其次为行为问题(11.2％),再者为同伴关系问题(11.0％).③路径分析结果显示,睡眠状况不佳对精神状况有不良影响.结论 初中学生睡眠状况整体欠佳,精神健康存在一定问题,睡眠情况显著影响精神健康.

目的 探讨非暴力沟通在精神科护患交流中的应用效果.方法 对长沙市1所医院精神科的护士进行非暴力沟通技能培训,并让其在护理工作中应用非暴力沟通技能与患者进行交流,促进非暴力沟通在临床工作中的落实.评价患者的满意度和投诉率.结果 2018年6月-12月,患者总体满意度(94.27±10.18)高于2017年6月-12月(89.32±9.73),差异有统计学意义(t=7.304,P＜0.05),因沟通问题引起的投诉率由6.63％降至2.55％(x2=8.315,P＜0.05).结论 精神科护士在工作中应用非暴力沟通技能,能够有效提高患者满意度,降低患者投诉率.

Objective:To explore the relationship between parental parenting sense of competence and the emotional behavior problems in children with mental disorders.Methods:The general information questionnaire, the parenting sense of competence scale and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (patent-reported) were used to evaluate 350 parents of children with mental disorders.Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 25.0 software using t test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results:The detection rates of total difficulty (16.39±4.87), emotional symptoms (4.89±2.21), conduct problem (2.55±1.45), hyperactivity/attention defect (5.00±1.94), peer relationship problem (3.95±1.99) and prosocial behaviors (5.11±2.46) were 24.2%, 24.5%, 8.9%, 21.1%, 21.1% and 38.5% respectively.The total score of parenting sense of competence, parenting efficacy, parenting satisfaction were significantly negatively correlated with the scores of total difficulty, emotional symptoms, conduct problem, hyperactivity/attention defect ( r=-0.259--0.121, P<0.05), as well as positively correlated with prosocial behaviors ( r=0.114-0.189, P<0.05), but not correlated with peer relationship problem ( r=-0.029--0.023, P>0.05). Parenting efficacy can affect children's prosocial behaviors ( β=0.124, P<0.05). Parenting satisfaction can affect children's total difficulty, emotional symptoms, conduct problem and hyperactivity/attention defect ( β=-0.255--0.109, P<0.05). Conclusion:Children with mental disorders have prominent emotional and behavioral problems, and parental parenting sense of competence is closely related with the emotional and behavioral problems of children with mental disorders.

死刑的存废之争已持续了200多年,尤其近年来,中国大陆有关死刑的研究与探讨此起彼伏,愈演愈烈。在2002年和2004年分别于湘潭和重庆相继召开了死刑问题国际研讨会。会议上死刑存废双方各执一词,似乎各有道理。笔者试从探究死刑的宗教、文化起源开始,寻找支持保留/废除死刑的各方论据,随之分析存废双方产生矛盾、冲突的分歧所在,最后得出结论:死刑应当废除,而且我们应当致力于营造废除死刑的物质、精神与制度环境的结论,以图对死刑存废问题从伦理学的角度做一个全方位的审视