目的 了解海南省某制造企业职工控烟干预后的二手烟暴露情况及对相关疾病的认知状况,为减少二手烟暴露及开展企业控烟工作提供数据支持.方法 于2016年9月采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取海南某光伏制造企业2个车间中的660名职工为研究对象.运用“讲座、咨询、一氧化碳监测和药物发放”模式进行6个月的重点控烟干预,干预前后通过问卷调查二手烟暴露情况及相关危害认知情况.采用SPSS 19.0统计分析软件进行独立样本X2检验和配对X2检验.结果 本研究共得到有效调查人数583人.干预前吸烟者192人、不吸烟者391人;干预后吸烟者163人、不吸烟者420人.非吸烟职工干预前室内工作场所、公共场所和家中的二手烟暴露率分别为31.2％、70.6％和34.0％,干预后分别为17.1％、66.2％和35.5％,干预前后在室内工作场所的二手烟暴露率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),室内公共场所和家中的二手烟暴露率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).干预前企业职工对二手烟暴露导致成人心脏疾病、儿童肺部疾病、成人肺癌及所有3种疾病的知晓率分别为50.8％、72.2％、78.2％和44.1％,干预后分别为74.1％、83.2％、87.0％和69.8％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 运用“讲座、咨询、一氧化碳监测和药物发放”模式进行控烟干预后,职工工作场所二手烟暴露水平降低,同时对二手烟危害健康的认知增强,值得企业开展控烟工作时借鉴.

[Objective] To analyze the tobacco exposure characteristics of employees in an enterprise in Hainan Province,and to provide reference for making smoking cessation intervention measures.[Methods] Using cluster stratified random sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among production line workers in a photovoltaie manufacturing enterprise in Hainan Province from February to March in 2017.The survey was composed of five parts:personal information,smoking,smoking cessation,secondhand smoke exposure,and knowledge,attitude,and behavior on smoking related issues.x2 test and trend x2 analysis were used for comparison among groups,and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of tobacco use.[Results] A total of 660 workers were investigated and 633 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid response rate of 95.9％.The prevalence rates of smoking in total,male,and female workers were 33.8％,43.5％,and 2.7％,respectively,and the prevalence rate of smoking decreased with age (trend x2=21.073,P ＜ 0.05).The successful rate of quitting smoking was 13.4％ and increased with age (trend x2=21.073,P＜0.05).In the smoking workers,the rate of attempting to quit smoking over the past six months and planning to quit smoking in the next six months were 24.3％ and 39.7％,respectively.As to secondhand smoke,70.4％ of the workers were reported to be exposed in public places,34.8％ at home,and 31.3％ in workplaces.In workplaces and public places,the exposure rate of secondhand smoke was higher among male workers than among female workers (x2=7.824,P ＜ 0.05;x2=8.752,P ＜ 0.05),and the exposure rate of secondhand smoke in workplaces decreased with age (trend x2=8.965,P ＜ 0.05).Theawareness rates of stroke,heart attack,and impotence caused by active smoking were 44.5％,46.8％,and 32.5％,respectively.The awareness rates of adult heart diseases,child lung diseases,and adult lung diseases caused by secondhand smoke exposure were 49.6％,71.4％,and 77.6％,respectively.The logistic regression analysis results showed that male and paternal smoking were the risk factors of smoking among the workers,and the ORs (95％CIs) were 24.844 (8.979-68.741) and 1.578 (1.090-2.284),respectively.[Conclusion] High prevalences of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure are found in the workers in the selected photovoltaic enterprise.Male workers and those whose fathers smoke are target populations for tobacco control.