目的 了解海南省某制造企业职工控烟干预后的二手烟暴露情况及对相关疾病的认知状况,为减少二手烟暴露及开展企业控烟工作提供数据支持.方法 于2016年9月采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取海南某光伏制造企业2个车间中的660名职工为研究对象.运用“讲座、咨询、一氧化碳监测和药物发放”模式进行6个月的重点控烟干预,干预前后通过问卷调查二手烟暴露情况及相关危害认知情况.采用SPSS 19.0统计分析软件进行独立样本X2检验和配对X2检验.结果 本研究共得到有效调查人数583人.干预前吸烟者192人、不吸烟者391人;干预后吸烟者163人、不吸烟者420人.非吸烟职工干预前室内工作场所、公共场所和家中的二手烟暴露率分别为31.2％、70.6％和34.0％,干预后分别为17.1％、66.2％和35.5％,干预前后在室内工作场所的二手烟暴露率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),室内公共场所和家中的二手烟暴露率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).干预前企业职工对二手烟暴露导致成人心脏疾病、儿童肺部疾病、成人肺癌及所有3种疾病的知晓率分别为50.8％、72.2％、78.2％和44.1％,干预后分别为74.1％、83.2％、87.0％和69.8％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 运用“讲座、咨询、一氧化碳监测和药物发放”模式进行控烟干预后,职工工作场所二手烟暴露水平降低,同时对二手烟危害健康的认知增强,值得企业开展控烟工作时借鉴.

[目的]评价控烟项目的干预效果,提高员工对吸烟健康危害的认知,降低吸烟率.[方法]采取整群分层随机抽样方法,通过车间、人员两级随机抽样,抽取某企业660名职工进行问卷调查,运用“讲座+咨询+一氧化碳检测+药物发放”模式对其进行为期6个月的干预,对干预前后吸烟情况、每日吸烟者醒后吸第一支烟的时间分布、戒烟意愿及戒烟帮助情况、烟草知识知晓情况等数据进行比对分析.[结果]干预前、后吸烟率为32.9％、28.0％,差异无统计学意义(x2=3.406,P＞0.05);戒烟率为14.3％、27.2％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.412,P＜O.05).干预前后年龄组为18～25岁、月收入在4001～6000元人群吸烟率均为最高.通过对干预前后130名每日吸烟者“早晨醒来后吸第一支烟”的时间分布研究发现,6个月(4-9月)强化干预后每日吸烟者每天早晨醒来后30min内吸第一支烟的比例比干预前略高(51.5％、50.8％),而且5min内吸第一支烟的比例较干预前也增加(14.6％,8.5％),说明对于每日吸烟者,短时间内烟草依赖干预效果不明显.但干预后现在吸烟者中尝试戒烟、考虑戒烟的比例(41.7％、48.5％)均高于干预前(22.9％、40.1％);干预后知晓海南省设置12320戒烟热线和综合性大医院设置戒烟门诊的人群比例(72.4％、73.0％)也分别比干预前大幅度增加(11.5％、12.5％)(P＜ 0.001).且干预后,职工对“低焦油卷烟的危害和一般卷烟差不多”的正确认知率(28.8％)明显高于干预前(18.7％);认为吸烟与中风、心脏病发作、阳痿有关者的比例明显升高,认为被动吸烟与成人心脏疾病、儿童肺部疾病和成人肺癌有关者的比例亦明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜O.001).[结论]干预后6个月内海南某企业职工吸烟率下降,戒烟率上升.“讲座+咨询+一氧化碳检测+药物发放”的四联戒烟综合干预模式值得推广.

Objective To study the genetic toxicity to germ cell of male mice induced by chronic inhalation exposure to formaldehyde.Methods Forty male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups,such as negative control group,positive control group and two exposure groups(1,10 mg/m3 formaldehyde).The mice were treated with static inhalation of formaldehyde for two hours,once a day for 20 weeks.Then the mice were fed for five weeks after exposure,and epididymides sperm smears were made and the number and type of abnormal sperm were observed and counted under a microscope,and the sperm abnormalities rate were calculated.The testis index of the mice was also measured.Results The testis index of the mice in the negative control group and the two exposure groups (1,10 mg/m3) were (0.81±0.13)％,(0.82±0.12)％ and (0.78±0.12)％,there were no statistically significant among them (P＞0.05).The sperm abnormalities rate in the negative control group,positive control group and two exposure groups(1,10 mg/m3) were 4.1％,6.4％,11.5％ and 11.3％ respectively,the sperm abnormalities rate in two exposure groups were statistically significant higher than those of negative control group (P＜0.05),there were doseresponse relationship between the exposure dose and the sperm abnormalities rate (rs=0.888,P＜0.01).Conclusion Chronic static inhalation of formaldehyde can increase the sperm abnormalities rate in mice,and there is dose-response relationship between the exposure dose of formaldehyde and the sperm abnormalities.