目的 分析2013-2017年海南省的性病疫情数据,了解其流行病学特征,为相应调整现有的性病防治措施提供科学依据.方法 对海南省各市县网报的2013-2017年性病监测资料进行流行病学分析.结果 2013-2017年,海南省5种性病报告病例数为67383例,年均发病率为148.01/10万,年均增长率为16.17％.5种病种中,以生殖道沙眼衣原体感染的年均发病率(61.74/10万)最高,后依次为梅毒(47.93/10万)、淋病(18.46/10万)、尖锐湿疣(14.17/10万)和生殖器疱疹(5.72/10万),5种性病的发病率均呈上升趋势(P＜0.05).男女性病发病率分别为125.63/10万和172.91/10万.生殖道沙眼衣原体感染女性的发病率(98.18/10万)高于男性(28.97/10万),淋病则是男性的发病率(28.56/10万)高于女性(7.22/10万).以20 ～34岁年龄段的人群报告病例数最多,为37 106例,占55.0％,15 ～24岁人群病例数为16611例,占39.9％,＞60岁的老年人群7 211例,占10.7％.职业以家务及待业,农民和商业服务为主,三者占69.33％;地区分布以海口市报告的性病病例数最多,其次为三亚市和琼海市,三者占报告病例数的58.82％.结论 2013-2017年海南省性病疫情呈总体上升趋势,防控形势不容乐观,应重点加强梅毒、生殖道沙眼衣原体感染和淋病的防控.未来应加大健康教育宣传力度,提高医疗机构性病患者的规范诊疗率,防治结合有效控制疫情发展.

[目的/意义]海南疾控健康教育信息平台的构建,为疾病预防控制工作提供健康教育信息化干预,为民众快速便捷安全地掌握健康知识和信息提供服务和帮助.[方法/过程]归纳了疾控体系信息化平台与健康教育关联的重要性,从平台设想、建设内容、信息系统、知识库架构和知识服务模型等方面初步构建健康教育信息平台.[结果/结论]指出大数据背景下健康教育和健康素养对信息化平台的迫切需求,分析海南省疾控系统信息化体系建设中应该加设健康教育知识平台的重要性和必要性,提出数字化健康教育与知识服务是信息化时代健康教育发展的必然趋势.

Objective To investigate the status of malnutrition in students in poor areas of Hainan Province so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating nutritional improvement measures. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select twelve primary schools and middle schools in poverty areas implemented the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Students in Hainan Province. Students of 1-2 classes in each grade of the selected schools were chosen as the surveyed subjects, and their height and weight were measured according to the unified standard. Results A total of 5, 006 students, including 2, 636 boys and 2, 370 girls, were investigated. The detection rates of malnutrition and growth retardation were28.5％ and 4. 6％ respectively, and they were both higher in boys than in girls, higher in pupils than in junior middle school students and higher in township school students than in county school students, all showing statistically significant differences (all P＜ 0.05). The detection rate of mild weight loss was 9.8％, and it was higher in boys than in girls, showing a statistically significant difference (P＜ 0.05). The detection rate of moderate and severe weight loss was 14. 1％, and it was higher in Li nationality students, higher in boys than in girls, higher in pupils than in junior middle school students, higher in township school students than in county school students, all showing statistically significant differences (all P＜ 0.05). Conclusions Malnutrition rate is higher among students in poor areas of Hainan Province, especially in boys, pupils and township school students; and hence, special attention should be paid to them.

目的 了解三亚市生殖道沙眼衣原体感染的流行病学现况,为调整现有防控措施提供科学依据. 方法 通过疾病信息管理系统收集三亚市2012-2018年各医疗机构上报的生殖道沙眼衣原体感染病例,进行描述流行病学分析.结果 2012-2018年,三亚市生殖道沙眼衣原体感染人群年均发病率为279.11/10万,年均增长率为7.98％,经趋势x2检验,7年来生殖道沙眼衣原体感染发病率呈上升趋势(x2 =57.460,P＜0.001);在性别分布上,男性的累积报告病例数为3 700例,女性累积报告病例数为7 749例,男女之比为0.48∶1,男女之间发病率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在地区分布上,以天涯区累积报告的病例数最多(11 055例),其次为海棠区(394例),崖州区和吉阳区无报告病例;在年龄分布上,以20～＜30岁年龄组人群最高,为160.41/10万,60岁以上年龄组人群发病率最低,为1.19/10万;职业以家务及待业和商业服务者为主. 结论 当前三亚市生殖道沙眼衣原体感染发病率呈高发水平,需扩大筛查,加强宣教,同时注意减少交叉感染和追踪监测耐药菌株.

随着生活节奏的加快,互联网技术的发展,人们工作和学习的时间越来越碎片化.大学生是一个特殊的群体,其时间的管理和支配直接影响个人素质的提升和学业质量的情况,大学生时间碎片化研究引起了越来越多研究者的关注.本研究旨在梳理大学生时间碎片化的概念及其相关研究,探讨目前研究存在的问题,以期为后人的研究提供借鉴.

目的:调查海南大学生碎片时间的现况及影响因素.方法:采用多级抽样的方法及问卷调查获取2407名大学生碎片时间资料.结果:大学生每天应用碎片时间总时长为(213.18±100.50)分钟,不同学校、性别、年级、专业间差异有统计学意义.多重线性回归分析表明,影响碎片时间时长的因素有性别、年级、学校、专业、TMDS总分.结论:海南省大学生碎片时间利用情况较差.

目的 了解海南地区人群葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因突变情况,为优生优育指导提供科学依据.方法 收集2 01 7年1月～12月在海南省优生优育公共服务中心运用PCR-反向点杂交法检测的G6PD基因突变结果,并对结果进行统计分析.结果 海南地区人群G6PD基因突变总发生率为10.0％ (500/5000).其中,男性G6PD基因突变频率为6.00％ (128/2133),女性为12.98％ (372/2867),不同性别之间G6PD基因突变频率差异有统计学意义(x2=66.101,P＜0.001);在5 00例基因突变中,共检测出14种不同类型的基因突变,无论男女,其基因突变类型均以1376 G＞T,1 388G＞A和95 A＞G为主,三者共占87.6％;在民族分布上,汉族人群G6PD基因突变频率为7.7％ (236/2133),黎族为12.7％(236/2133),汉族与黎族人群之间G6PD基因突变频率差异有统计学意义(x2=29.066,P＜0.001);在地区分布上,G6PD基因突变频率在海南省19个市、县之间存在地域差异,但以保亭县,琼中县和白沙县G6PD基因的突变频率排在前三位,分别为13.5％ (17/126),13.4％ (64/479)和12.9％ (30/233).结论 海南地区人群的G6PD基因突变频率处于较高水平,各市、县之间存在地域差异.

目的 了解海南省琼中县实施义务教育学生营养改善计划后血清维生素D水平的变化情况,评价营养改善计划实施效果,为制定改善中小学生维生素D缺乏的政策措施提供科学数据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对海南省琼中县2015～2016年实施学生营养改善计划的学校开展维生素D营养状况监测.共对1321名中小学生采集空腹静脉血,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行血清25-羟基维生素D[25-(OH)-VD]的检测.结果 2016年与2015年相比,中小学生血清25-(OH)-VD平均水平略有所下降,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2015年女生维生素D不足率为8.61％,2016年女生维生素D不足率为18.37％,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2015年男生维生素D不足率为6.53％,2016年男生维生素D不足率为7.47％,二者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 海南省琼中县中小学生血清维生素D无缺乏,不足率低于国家平均水平,但2016年维生素D水平较2015年有所下降.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的了解海南省贫困地区2016—2017学年7～15岁中小学生超重肥胖流行现况,为制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,随机选取海南省实施"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"地区24所学校的4 722名中小学生为研究对象,通过身高、体重计算体质指数（BMI）,分析不同性别、年龄、城乡、民族的超重肥胖分布特征。结果共调查4 722名学生,超重和肥胖检出率分别为3.60%和2.01%。男、女生超重检出率分别为4.31%和2.82%,肥胖检出率分别为2.45%和1.52%,差异均有统计学意义;小学和初中学生超重检出率分别为3.35%和3.60%,差异无统计学意义,肥胖检出率分别为2.25%和1.38%,差异有统计学意义;汉族和少数民族学生超重检出率分别为3.67%和3.56%,肥胖检出率分别为2.28%和1.85%,差异均无统计学意义;县城和乡镇学校学生超重检出率分别为3.50%和3.65%,肥胖检出率分别为2.56%和1.73%,差异均无统计学意义。结论海南贫困地区中小学生超重肥胖检出率较低,但存在性别差异,男生超重肥胖检出率高于女生。</span>

目的 分析海南省首次创建3家戒烟门诊试点医院患者戒烟状况及干预效果.方法 按戒烟门诊标准化工作流程,运用5A简单戒烟干预模型(询问、建议、评估、帮助、随访)指导戒烟.对“首诊登记”中“确定戒烟日”的吸烟者进行1周、1个月、3个月电话随访;其中每个干预阶段完全不吸烟者接受下一阶段随访.结果 首诊登记吸烟者265例,99.2％为男性.171例习惯在起床后30 min内吸第一支烟,占64.5％.“确定戒烟日”的145例吸烟者参加随访,1周持续戒烟率为63.4％;1个月持续戒烟率为29.7％;3个月持续戒烟率为22.8％;3个月随访结果中复吸者9例吸烟量≤10支的占90.0％,高于1个月23例随访占比(46.9％),复吸者吸烟量＞10支的例数由53.1％下降至10.1％;3个月随访有93.0％的吸烟者觉得戒烟难度＞5分,高于1个月随访65.2％的吸烟者觉得戒烟难度＞5分.最后一次随访人群中有46.5％认为戒烟小册子对其帮助最大,39.5％会向其他人推荐这项戒烟服务.结论 经戒烟门诊干预后,吸烟者吸烟量逐渐减少;但3个月戒烟成功者较1个月减少明显;戒烟“维持期”越长,戒烟率越低.应继续加强戒烟门诊服务工作.

目的 调查海口市三甲医院护理人员月经不调现况及影响护理人员月经不调的因素,为相关部门提供可靠的数据基础及科学依据.方法 选取海口市三甲医院工龄半年以上的在册女护士为研究对象,使用自制月经情况调查表对其进行横断面调查.结果 纳入调查的601名护理人员中有251人月经不调,占41.76％;月经不调症状主要表现为痛经、 周期紊乱、 腰骶骨疼痛及腰腹坠疼等情况.不同年龄组护理人员月经不调率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同科室、 职称、 护龄的护理人员月经不调率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).护理人员月经期间的保养措施前三位分别是月经期间注意保暖、 保持精神愉快及注意饮食、 不吃辛辣食物.结论 海口市三甲医院护理人员月经不调情况较为普遍,尤其是青年护理人员,需加强关注.

目的 了解海南省某制造企业职工控烟干预后的二手烟暴露情况及对相关疾病的认知状况,为减少二手烟暴露及开展企业控烟工作提供数据支持.方法 于2016年9月采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取海南某光伏制造企业2个车间中的660名职工为研究对象.运用“讲座、咨询、一氧化碳监测和药物发放”模式进行6个月的重点控烟干预,干预前后通过问卷调查二手烟暴露情况及相关危害认知情况.采用SPSS 19.0统计分析软件进行独立样本X2检验和配对X2检验.结果 本研究共得到有效调查人数583人.干预前吸烟者192人、不吸烟者391人;干预后吸烟者163人、不吸烟者420人.非吸烟职工干预前室内工作场所、公共场所和家中的二手烟暴露率分别为31.2％、70.6％和34.0％,干预后分别为17.1％、66.2％和35.5％,干预前后在室内工作场所的二手烟暴露率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),室内公共场所和家中的二手烟暴露率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).干预前企业职工对二手烟暴露导致成人心脏疾病、儿童肺部疾病、成人肺癌及所有3种疾病的知晓率分别为50.8％、72.2％、78.2％和44.1％,干预后分别为74.1％、83.2％、87.0％和69.8％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 运用“讲座、咨询、一氧化碳监测和药物发放”模式进行控烟干预后,职工工作场所二手烟暴露水平降低,同时对二手烟危害健康的认知增强,值得企业开展控烟工作时借鉴.

目的 了解海南大学生人际关系与手机网络依赖的现况,为海南大学生教育管理提供科学依据.方法 采用多层整群抽样方法抽取海南省4所高校的2 753名在校学生,采用大学生基本情况表、手机成瘾倾向量表、32项人际问题量表于2017年9~12月对调查者进行问卷调查.结果 共发放问卷2 753份,回收有效问卷2 407份,有效回收率为87.43%.海南大学生人际关系总分在生源和年级上比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);手机成瘾人数为648人,手机成瘾率为26.9%;手机戒断症状在性别中比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);生源地在社交抚慰中比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);手机成瘾总分及4个维度得分在不同年级间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);手机成瘾总分及凸显行为和社交抚慰在专业方面比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);人际问题量表总分及各个因子得分在手机成瘾者与非成瘾者间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 海南大学生手机成瘾率较高,手机成瘾者人际关系较非手机成瘾者差;大学生应积极参加户外活动,多进行体育锻炼,减少使用手机的频率,同时高校教师应多与学生交流,引导学生合理使用手机.

[Objective] To analyze the tobacco exposure characteristics of employees in an enterprise in Hainan Province,and to provide reference for making smoking cessation intervention measures.[Methods] Using cluster stratified random sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among production line workers in a photovoltaie manufacturing enterprise in Hainan Province from February to March in 2017.The survey was composed of five parts:personal information,smoking,smoking cessation,secondhand smoke exposure,and knowledge,attitude,and behavior on smoking related issues.x2 test and trend x2 analysis were used for comparison among groups,and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of tobacco use.[Results] A total of 660 workers were investigated and 633 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid response rate of 95.9％.The prevalence rates of smoking in total,male,and female workers were 33.8％,43.5％,and 2.7％,respectively,and the prevalence rate of smoking decreased with age (trend x2=21.073,P ＜ 0.05).The successful rate of quitting smoking was 13.4％ and increased with age (trend x2=21.073,P＜0.05).In the smoking workers,the rate of attempting to quit smoking over the past six months and planning to quit smoking in the next six months were 24.3％ and 39.7％,respectively.As to secondhand smoke,70.4％ of the workers were reported to be exposed in public places,34.8％ at home,and 31.3％ in workplaces.In workplaces and public places,the exposure rate of secondhand smoke was higher among male workers than among female workers (x2=7.824,P ＜ 0.05;x2=8.752,P ＜ 0.05),and the exposure rate of secondhand smoke in workplaces decreased with age (trend x2=8.965,P ＜ 0.05).Theawareness rates of stroke,heart attack,and impotence caused by active smoking were 44.5％,46.8％,and 32.5％,respectively.The awareness rates of adult heart diseases,child lung diseases,and adult lung diseases caused by secondhand smoke exposure were 49.6％,71.4％,and 77.6％,respectively.The logistic regression analysis results showed that male and paternal smoking were the risk factors of smoking among the workers,and the ORs (95％CIs) were 24.844 (8.979-68.741) and 1.578 (1.090-2.284),respectively.[Conclusion] High prevalences of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure are found in the workers in the selected photovoltaic enterprise.Male workers and those whose fathers smoke are target populations for tobacco control.

Objective To analyze the influence of oral health intervention on oral health-related quality of life for elderly people in Haikou, and to provide scientific basis for exploring effective measures for oral intervention of elderly people in Haikou. Methods A total of 240 people aged 65~74 years old in two residents, committees in Haikou were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. They were divided into intervention group and control group,with 120 people in each group. In the intervention group, examination of mouth (3 times) and oral health education (3 times) were conducted during a one-year intervention period, and individualized guidance was provided according to in-dividual needs. The control group only received the questionnaire investigation, which was not given any oral health examination and oral health education. The scores of the oral health impact scale (ohip-14) after one year was compared between the two groups. Results The total average OHIP-14 score of intervention group and control group before the intervention were respectively (15.05±5.37), (15.42±4.32);there was no significant difference in the total score of oral health-related quality of life and its four dimensions between the two groups (P>0.05). After the intervention, the total average OHIP-14 score of intervention group and control group were respectively (8.83 ± 5.19), (14.72 ± 7.94);the total scores of oral health-related quality of life, psychological discomfort, physical functional discomfort, pain and discomfort in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Oral health intervention can effectively improve the level of oral health-related quality of life, which should be actively carried out to improve the quality of life of the elderly.

三亚市是一座国际旅游城市,旅游业发达,人口流动较大,增加了梅毒和淋病的传染风险.为了了解三亚市梅毒和淋病的发病情况和流行特征,制定相应的防控策略,通过收集、整理三亚市2012-2016年梅毒和淋病的监测资料进行流行病学分析,现将结果报告如下.

[目的]评价控烟项目的干预效果,提高员工对吸烟健康危害的认知,降低吸烟率.[方法]采取整群分层随机抽样方法,通过车间、人员两级随机抽样,抽取某企业660名职工进行问卷调查,运用“讲座+咨询+一氧化碳检测+药物发放”模式对其进行为期6个月的干预,对干预前后吸烟情况、每日吸烟者醒后吸第一支烟的时间分布、戒烟意愿及戒烟帮助情况、烟草知识知晓情况等数据进行比对分析.[结果]干预前、后吸烟率为32.9％、28.0％,差异无统计学意义(x2=3.406,P＞0.05);戒烟率为14.3％、27.2％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.412,P＜O.05).干预前后年龄组为18～25岁、月收入在4001～6000元人群吸烟率均为最高.通过对干预前后130名每日吸烟者“早晨醒来后吸第一支烟”的时间分布研究发现,6个月(4-9月)强化干预后每日吸烟者每天早晨醒来后30min内吸第一支烟的比例比干预前略高(51.5％、50.8％),而且5min内吸第一支烟的比例较干预前也增加(14.6％,8.5％),说明对于每日吸烟者,短时间内烟草依赖干预效果不明显.但干预后现在吸烟者中尝试戒烟、考虑戒烟的比例(41.7％、48.5％)均高于干预前(22.9％、40.1％);干预后知晓海南省设置12320戒烟热线和综合性大医院设置戒烟门诊的人群比例(72.4％、73.0％)也分别比干预前大幅度增加(11.5％、12.5％)(P＜ 0.001).且干预后,职工对“低焦油卷烟的危害和一般卷烟差不多”的正确认知率(28.8％)明显高于干预前(18.7％);认为吸烟与中风、心脏病发作、阳痿有关者的比例明显升高,认为被动吸烟与成人心脏疾病、儿童肺部疾病和成人肺癌有关者的比例亦明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜O.001).[结论]干预后6个月内海南某企业职工吸烟率下降,戒烟率上升.“讲座+咨询+一氧化碳检测+药物发放”的四联戒烟综合干预模式值得推广.

目的 了解海南省各市、县女性MTHFR基因多态性分布情况,为临床医师指导育龄妇女个体化的叶酸补服方案提供科学依据.方法 以海南省23 457例女性为研究对象,利用荧光定量PCR仪对MTHFR677位点的基因多态性进行分型检测,将检测结果与已报道的省份进行比较;运用统计学方法分析MTHFR基因多态性在不同民族与年龄之间的差异.结果 海南省女性TT基因型频率为4.66％(1 093/23 457);省内市、县以海口市女性TT基因型频率最高,为6.56％ (187/2852);城市与县城女性TT基因型频率分别为5.11％ (733/14 356)和4.00％ (360/9 101),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);汉族与黎族女性人群TT基因型频率分别为5.52％ (962/17 428)和1.74％ (96/5 506),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在年龄分布上,TT基因型发生频率以45岁以上年龄组女性人群最高,为7.61％(29/381).结论 海南省女性人群MTHFR677位点的TT基因型发生频率处于较低水平,具有区域特异性.

目的 了解三亚市2012年～2016年生殖器疱疹的流行病学特征,为调整现有防控措施提供科学依据.方法 通过疾病信息管理系统收集三亚市2012年～2016年各个医疗机构上报的生殖器疱疹病例资料并对其发病情况、性别分布、年龄分布及其地区分布等流行病学特征进行分析.结果 三亚市2012～2016年生殖器疱疹年均发病率为19.48/10万,年均减少率为12.91％,总体呈下降趋势.生殖器疱疹发病人数男女性别比为2.03:1,2012年～2015年各年度病例性别之间对比,差异有统计学意义(<0.05).生殖器疱疹的发病年龄主要集中在20～39岁,以天涯区生殖器疱疹病例报告数最多.结论 三亚市近年来生殖器疱疹发病率总体呈下降趋势,但仍处较高水平,应扩大筛查,加强宣教,将其发病率尽快降到较低水平.

Objective To assess the level and prevalence rate of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency (SVAD) among primary and middle school students in the "Student Nutrition Improvement Program" implementing poverty areas in Hainan Province,to provide reference for further nutrition intervention measures.Methods A total of 4 primary schools and 4 middle schools were selected and students of 1-2 classes randomly chosen from every grade of the selected schools were enrolled in the study.Fasting venous blood samples were collected and serum retinol concentrations were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography method.Results 1398 students were enrolled in this study.The average serum retinol concentration was (337.5±82.4) μg/L.The gender difference was statistically insignificant.Yet the serum retinol concentration increases with age.The overall prevalence rate of VAD and SVAD were 2.4％ and 31.1％,respectively.The VAD rate for boy students and girl students were 2.6％ and 2.1％,and SVAD rate of boy students and girl students were 31.6％ and 30.7％,respectively.The gender differences of both VAD and SVAD were statistically insignificant.The VAD rate of primary and middle school students were 3.1％ and 0.9％,respectively and the SVAD rate of the same groups were 38.8％ and 15.3％,respectively.The difference between primary and middle school students was statistically significant.Conclusion The overall vitamin A deficiency rate is not high among students in the study schools.But vitamin A in subclinical deficiency is still high.Targeted measures should be taken to carry out nutritional interventions