渤海湾盆地惠民凹陷商853区块沙三上亚段(E2S3s)广泛发育深湖相浊积岩,砂泥岩薄互层发育,储层非均质性强.综合利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜及图像分析、阴极发光和电子探针等测试手段对商853区块储层岩石学及矿物学、成岩作用和储层物性等进行研究.结果表明,商853区块沙三上亚段砂岩主要为灰、浅灰色或灰褐色长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩,以"贫长石、富岩屑"为特征,碳酸盐胶结物含量较高,发育含铁白云石、方解石、铁白云石.砂岩储层储集空间主要为粒间溶孔及岩屑粒内溶孔,孔隙度介于3.65％～18.09％,平均值为12.87％,主要分布于10％～15％,占比为43.9％;渗透率介于0.009×10-3 μm2～5.460×10-3 μm2,平均值为0.99×10-3 μm2,主要分布于0.1X10-3 μm2～1.o×10-3 μm2,占比为41.5％,整体属于中—低孔、特低—超低渗储层.单砂体层顶部和底部碳酸盐胶结物含量高,储层物性差;中部碳酸盐胶结物含量较低,储层物性较好,表明单砂层厚度与碳酸盐胶结物的发育及储层物性具有耦合性,单砂层厚度与碳酸盐胶结物呈负相关,与储层物性呈正相关.

滩坝砂储层因其储层物性差、单层厚度薄等特点而导致产能预测较为困难,提出了一种新的基于数据和模型双驱动的井震结合产能等级划分方法.通过机器学习中的降维算法结合聚类算法,并利用聚类算法中的肘部法确定最佳聚类数,进行储层测井产能等级自动划分.首次在平面径向流公式的基础上建立了测井产能等级指示模型,为地震属性横向预测提供井点刻度.以胜利油田W工区为例,利用最小二乘法推导出了测井产能等级指数公式,计算了 10 口井目的层单井产能等级指数.对提取的多种地震属性在井点处的属性值与测井产能等级分类结果进行Pearson相关性分析,优选了 3种与产能等级指数显著相关且两两之间相互独立的地震属性.利用支持向量回归算法,建立了地震属性融合的储层产能等级指数平面图,经3 口验证井检验,产能等级指数平面图与实际产能吻合程度较好.研究结果表明,基于测井产能等级划分的地震属性横向预测方法可以有效预测靶区储层产能等级.

沉积相建模是储层建模中的一个重要环节,有多种方法可以用来建立沉积相模型.传统的建模方法需要利用各种参数对变量的空间结构信息进行刻画,如变差函数、数据样式等,在模拟中再现这种空间结构.利用生成对抗神经网络方法(GAN,Generative Adversarial Nets)建模采用了不同的策略,通过对大量图像(模型)的学习,生成与学习样本具有高度相似特征的模型.基于单一图像生成对抗神经网络方法(SinGAN,Generative Adversarial Nets based on single image)对传统的GAN方法进行改进,仅需一张图像进行训练就能够生成高度相似的图像.以N气田2个小层的沉积微相图为例,建立了相应的沉积相模型,并与经典的基于样式的多点地质统计学建模方法(Simpat)对比可以看出,SinGAN方法与训练图像刻画的沉积微相空间结构更相似,具有良好的应用前景.

页岩气储层致密、非均质性强,在开发中须要压裂改造,准确地评价其可压裂性及其展布规律对压裂设计意义重大.以川南X地区五峰组—龙一段1亚段(龙一1)页岩地层为研究对象,以岩心测试,测录井等资料为基础,分析了反映可压裂性的指标,提取脆性指数、泊松比、杨氏模量、抗拉强度和水平主应力差为敏感参数,以层次分析法求出各自权重,构建了综合可压裂系数Icr;结合生产资料划分了Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅲ级可压裂级别;开展多井可压裂级别评价与连井剖面对比,统计Ⅰ,Ⅱ级的地层厚度比,分析平面上可压裂性的变化规律.结果表明:Icr≥0.59时,可压裂级别为Ⅰ级,可压裂性最好;五峰组—龙一11、龙一12中Ⅰ级层段占比较大,是适合压裂开发的有利层段;Ⅰ级层段厚度比为0.8～0.9主要分布在N201,N209,N203,N208和N211井等井区.该研究成果为川南X地区页岩气储层水平井的部井开发提供了依据.

为明确东营凹陷北部盐22区块沙四上亚段砂砾岩沉积特征及空间演化规律,结合岩心观察、FMI成像测井资料、测井及地震资料,对研究区岩相组合类型、分布特征及演化规律进行了深入分析.结果表明:研究区沙四上亚段发育近岸水下扇沉积,根据成像测井及岩心资料划分了砾岩相、砂岩相和泥岩相三大类岩相类型及6种岩相组合类型,建立了研究区砂砾岩扇体早期退积—晚期进积的发育演化模式.整体上,东营凹陷北部盐22区块沙四上亚段近岸水下扇发育演化受古气候变化、事件性重力流、湖水位变化及构造活动共同控制.研究结果为研究区扇体内部的砂体发育规律研究及油气勘探开发提供了地质依据.

为了充分挖掘叠前地震数据中反映地震相类别的细微信息,充分利用钻井、地质等先验知识,提出基于叠前地震纹理属性的半监督地震相分析算法.该算法首先引入叠前地震纹理属性,以突出地震反射信息中的微小空间、振幅随方位角/炮检距等的变异性;然后采用自组织映射,对训练样本对进行训练;最后在钻井先验知识的约束下,对自组织映射输出层的神经元进行半监督聚类,得到神经元与地震相类别的映射关系.理论模型和实际资料应用结果证实该方法可提高地震相图的准确度及地震微相的识别能力,是一种性能优越的地震相分析工具.

通过研究普光气田长兴组—飞仙关组礁滩相储层的岩心分析资料,明确了目的层段的岩性主要为残余鲕粒白云岩、生物礁白云岩等,分为基质孔、粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔3种孔隙空间类型.通过取心样品的压汞曲线特征聚类分析,将储层孔隙结构划分为4种类型.基于储层岩性特征、孔隙空间类型、物性特征及孔隙结构的差异,综合利用数理统计和模糊聚类分析方法,建立了普光气田礁滩相储层精细评价分类标准.研究表明:I类、Ⅱ类储层孔喉连通性好、渗流能力强,相对易动用;Ⅲ类储层孔喉连通性较差,动用相对困难;Ⅳ类储层为非储层.据此划分的储层分类结果与产层关系更加密切,能够满足储层精细评价的需求,为气藏开发中后期的精细调整和剩余气挖潜奠定了基础.

砂砾岩体储层岩性复杂、非均质性强,且扇体多期叠置,沉积期次划分困难.以东营凹陷北部陡坡带Y920区块沙四上亚段砂砾岩体为研究对象,建立以岩心、FMI图像为基础,以测井信息小波变换技术为核心,以三维地震为约束的砂砾岩扇体沉积期次划分方法.基于岩心、FMI图像可直观识别沉积期次界面,进而标定常规测井资料;经测井信息小波变换后表现出周期性振荡特征的小波系数曲线可反映沉积界面响应特征,结合功率谱筛选尺度因子,可定量对单井沉积期次进行划分;通过井-震结合,实现全区域期次界面的等时对比,将Y920区块砂砾岩体划分为8个沉积期次.沉积期次的发育控制着沉积相及岩性的分布,与物性展布也密切相关.研究结果表明,研究区块地层自下而上(8至1沉积期次)表现出退积沉积初始阶段(扇根—扇中)沉积期次中上部物性较好,沉积中间阶段(扇中)整个沉积期次物性均较好,而沉积末期阶段(扇中—扇端)沉积期次中下部物性较好,进而统计单井各期次有效储层的厚度,分期次刻画有效储层平面展布特征,发现3,4,5沉积期次的西北部为Y920区块有利储层展布范围.研究结果为东营凹陷北部陡坡带砂砾岩体油藏的精细勘探开发提供了依据.

滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜园组沉积期发育大量的粗碎屑岩沉积,通过野外实地考察以及结合无人机摄影技术,将流体搬运机制与微相划分相结合,对断陷湖盆内部粗碎屑沉积体进行详细研究.结果表明:滦平盆地西瓜园组沉积期北部受边界断层活动影响,发育典型陆相断陷湖盆的近岸水下扇沉积体系.根据露头观测及研究,可划分出扇根、扇中及扇端三种亚相.其中扇根亚相以碎屑物质直接入湖、岩性较粗、分选极差、无磨圆为特征.扇中亚相采用"水下河道微相"及"边缘微相"的划分方式,水下河道微相可见同时发育由碎屑流及浊流两种不同流体性质控制的沉积体,沉积迅速,界限清晰且含轻微冲刷,横向连续性较为稳定,砾石出现一定定向性,磨圆较差,在扇中亚相中最为发育;边缘微相沉积相对较为混杂,漂砾较为常见,可见明显的板状交错层理,横向连续性差,指示河道的改道或者边缘沉积,不发育冲刷-充填构造.扇端亚相以砂泥岩薄互层或者厚层细砂岩为特征,可见细小砾石层.微相划分方法结合流体搬运机制及沉降方式,更加具有成因性依据,同时更好地解释了远离物源区的稳定砾石层发育.研究结果为近岸水下扇内部砂体发育规律和叠置关系研究及下一步油气勘探与开发提供了新思路.

Low permeability reservoirs are widely distributed in Subei（northern Jiangsu province） Basin. There are some problems such as insufficient natural energy and fragmented structures, which make it difficult to form an effective injection-production well pattern. Therefore, the effect of water injection is poor. The CO2 huff and puff technology can effectively solve these problems with less investment, simple process and rapid results. Choosing the proper wells to execute is the key to the success of this technology. Based on the comparative analysis of CO2 huff and puff in low permeability reservoirs in Subei Basin in recent years, combined with indoor physical simulation experiments and numerical simulation results, it is considered that closed reservoirs with medium-deep burial depth and fracture development are more suitable for CO2 huff and puff. Fractures have a greater impact on huff and puff effect. There is an appropriate interval for formation pressure, not the bigger the better, whether miscibility can be achieved or not. It has no decisive effect on the throughput effect. Oil wells with high initial production and water cut of 30 %~70 % in lower structure are more conducive to huff and puff, and the huff and puff effect of horizontal wells is better than that of vertical wells.

近年来,与深水沉积物重力流沉积紧密相关的湖相致密油气与深层油气勘探开发日益受到关注并逐渐成为研究热点;断陷湖盆陡坡带由于受“沟梁对应”的地貌特征影响且受控于边界断层,水下重力流沉积扇体发育,也因此成为湖相致密油气与深层油气勘探的重要目标.以东营凹陷胜坨地区沙四段上亚段(分为纯上次亚段和纯下次亚段)为研究对象,以岩芯,地震,测井,录井资料为基础,对陆相断陷湖盆陡坡带深水重力流沉积特征及沉积模式展开研究.研究结果表明:东营凹陷胜坨地区沙四段上亚段深水沉积体系主要发育砂质滑动-滑塌沉积,砂质碎屑流沉积,底流改造沉积,浊流沉积和深湖泥岩沉积五种类型,根据不同岩相组合特征划分出重力流沟道微相,砂质碎屑流舌状体微相,远端朵叶体微相三种微相类型;沙四段上亚段经历了从低位域到湖侵域再到高位域的转换,纯下次亚段在低位域时期经历了胜北断层幕式活动,是形成该时期深水重力流沉积在三级层序整体上呈退积发育,四级层序内部呈进积发育的主要原因,而纯上次亚段高位域时期相对稳定的构造条件使得该时期在三级层序内呈现退积到加积,四级层序内呈现稳定进积的特征;深水重力流搬运过程中由“流动分离作用”引起的“流体性质转换”可以较好地解释平面上重力流沉积类型随搬运距离由近及远的差异性分布以及“远端砂质碎屑流沉积”的形成.

辫状河具有较多的沉积类型和复杂的形成机理,易形成优质储集沙体.为研究不同类型辫状河心滩坝发育特征及其主要控制因素,结合不同地区的辫状河类型,以底形坡度、河道宽度及河岸类型为地质变量,基于水槽沉积模拟实验,设计3种类型辫状河,即开阔型辫状河、限制—开阔型辫状河和限制型辫状河;控制不同水流大小和加沙量,根据水槽沉积模拟实验结果,分析不同类型辫状河心滩坝沉积特征及定量表征参数.结果表明:开阔型辫状河心滩坝长宽比介于3～11,平均为6,以纵向沙坝为主;限制—开阔型辫状河心滩坝长宽比介于2～5,平均为3,以纵向沙坝和侧向沙坝为主;限制型辫状河心滩坝长宽比介于1～3,平均为2,以侧向沙坝和横向沙坝为主.底形坡度、水流强度与河岸类型是影响不同类型辫状河心滩坝沉积差异的主要因素,其中,不同因素引起辫状河心滩坝形态特征及几何规模的差异,可为古辫状河心滩坝沉积的精细表征提供定量参数和理论依据.

裂缝性油气藏在油气资源中的占比不断增加,由于储层裂缝系统定量描述的复杂性,裂缝性油气藏开发动态的准确模拟预测一直是研究的难点.本文系统地介绍了裂缝性油气藏的模拟模型,包括描述天然裂缝系统的等效连续介质模型和双重或多重介质模型,以及描述压裂裂缝的离散裂缝模型和嵌入式离散裂缝模型.历史拟合是利用实测数据调整模型参数达到提高模型模拟预测水平的重要技术.基于梯度类方法、进化算法、人工神经网络、集合卡尔曼滤波算法等自动历史拟合方法,在油藏开发实践中得到广泛应用.微震数据能够提供压裂裂缝分布的重要信息,在自动历史拟合的过程中,可以和生产数据共同约束模型参数的多解性.

PreviousNext No AccessInternational Geophysical Conference, Qingdao, China, 17-20 April 2017Method of fluid identification in carbonate reservoir based on particle swarm optimization and fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (PSO-FCM)Authors: Zhang Yan*Chen GanghuaZhang Yan*School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), QingdaoSearch for more papers by this author and Chen GanghuaSchool of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), QingdaoSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.1190/IGC2017-203 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract A method of fluid identification based on particle swarm optimization and fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (PSOFCM) is proposed for carbonate reservoir. The weight of curves is determined on the basis of fluid indicator. After curves weighted and normalized, the objective function of fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (FCM) is selected as fitness function of particle swarm optimization (PSO) to obtain global optimal solution, thus improving the disadvantage that clustering result is easily disturbed by initial value. Fluid clustering centers are determined using PSO-FCM algorithm and test data, then it's used to calculate fluid probability in reservoir. Fluid identification standard is established by threshold of fluid probability using cross plot method. This method is applied in reef gas reservoir in northeast of Sichuan area. The accuracy rate of fluid identification is 93.2% in sample reservoir, 90.6% in non-sample reservoir. It shows that this method is reliable with higher identification accuracy and provides beneficial guides for fluid identification in carbonate reservoir using conventional well logging curves. Keywords: fluid, borehole geophysics, algorithm, carbonatePermalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/IGC2017-203FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails International Geophysical Conference, Qingdao, China, 17-20 April 2017ISSN (online):2159-6832Copyright: 2017 Pages: 1525 publication data© 2017 Published in electronic format with permission by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Chinese Geophysical SocietyPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 31 May 2017 CITATION INFORMATION Zhang Yan* and Chen Ganghua, (2017), "Method of fluid identification in carbonate reservoir based on particle swarm optimization and fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (PSO-FCM)," SEG Global Meeting Abstracts : 803-806. https://doi.org/10.1190/IGC2017-203 Plain-Language Summary Keywordsfluidborehole geophysicsalgorithmcarbonatePDF DownloadLoading ...

埕岛油田馆陶组发育典型的高弯度曲流河沉积.通过分频融合地震属性提取与优选、储层构型模式指导、动态响应特征约束等手段,对研究区海上稀井网条件下曲流带和点坝进行精细刻画.研究表明:(1)分频融合地震属性的储层预测方法提高了曲流带的预测精度,振幅类属性与砂体厚度相关性最好,以最大峰值振幅为最佳,相比原始地震属性,分频融合得到的最大峰值振幅属性更好地刻画了曲流带砂体边界与砂体厚度分布;(2)复合正韵律、砂体厚度大、紧邻废弃河道分布为点坝三大重要识别标志,与此相对应,点坝表现为高最大峰值振幅、高反演属性的地震响应特征,而废弃河道呈弯月状低振幅属性、“顶平底凸”的低反演属性特征;(3)在应用地震属性确定点坝位置的基础上,通过经验公式推算点坝跨度,可认知研究区点坝的规模,有效指导地下点坝识别,动态信息的约束也为点坝识别提供了依据.井震结合的曲流带及点坝识别方法可为相似油田构型分析提供借鉴.

为准确区分有效储层与非有效储层,以沾化凹陷渤南洼陷义176块沙四段致密储层为研究对象,基于物性、试油、压汞等资料,分析储层基本特征,采用含油产状法、试油法、压汞法、经验统计法和最小流动孔喉半径法综合厘定研究区段有效储层的物性下限.结果表明,176块沙四段储层岩石类型主要为长石质岩屑砂岩和岩屑质长石砂岩,储集空间发育溶蚀孔、晶间孔、粒间孔及微裂缝,物性较差,属于低孔—特低孔、特低渗—超低渗储层.致密砂岩有效储层的孔隙度下限为4.7％,渗透率下限为0.034×10-3μm2.该结果为研究区优势甜点区域储层预测与资源评价提供了依据.

A great deal of oil reservoirs was discovered in the Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the PX block,Jungger Basin.However,systematic researches on reserves parameters of the volcanic rock reservoirs are still very few.Based on analyses of cores,rock fragments,oil testing,well loggings and seismic data,the present contribution of the lithology,reservoir space and reserves parameters of the Carboniferous volcanic reservoirs were studied by using a'lithology constraint porosity-fissure two-medium model'.A two-medium model of quantitative interpretation of volcanic rocks was constructed according to different types of volcanic rocks,and the physical parameters and oiliness of volcanic rock reservoirs were quantitative calculated.The results show:the volcanic eruption gemerated rocks in this area include tuffs,volcanic breccias,basalt and andesite;volcanic lithofacies is divided into 3 types of eruption facies,overflow facies and volcanic sedimentary facies;pores and fissures are important reserve space in the PX Block,Jungger Basin;method of fissure identifying based on multiple loggings is available for forecasting of fissured volcanic rock reservoirs;and the lithology constrained two-medium model is suitable for preference of reserves parameters and reserves calculation of volcanic rock reservoirs.

The reservoir architecture characterization is an important means to exploit the residual oil in the later stage of development.The braided river sand body is an important oil and gas reservoir.However,due to the complex mechanism of the braided river sedimentation and multiple superimposition patterns of sandbodies,the mode of the inner reservoir architecture is complex and variable.In view of the study of reservoir architecture of braided river,many achievements have been made in geologic outcrop analysis,logging curve interpretation,characterization and analysis using ground penetrating radar and laboratory experiments.According to the analytical hierarchy process (AHP)of reservoir architecture,the main structure of the braided river reservoir was graded into 6 levels of architecture units,among which the 3rd level unit and the 4th level unit were the main objects to be studied focusing on their sedimentary model of single sandbodies,characterization of architecture parameters and development model of inner accretion sandbody of braided river bar and interbed and their architecture parameters.The braided river reservoir architecture are mainly affected by four aspects including tectonic movement,river water energy,climatic conditions and sedimentary datum change.

Image reconstruction idea is introduced into reservoir geological modeling field by SIMPAT,of which the most similar geological mode is used to replace the data event at a to-be-estimated point for prediction using the similarity evaluation index of weakening probability.When the model is larger with more data patterns,the SIMPAT computational efficiency is lower due to the humongous data pattern similarity calculation.To effectively balance the contradiction between the efficiency and memory of multipoint geo-statistical modeling algorithm,based on the SIMPAT algorithm,the multipoint geo-statistical modeling algorithm LSHSIM based on p-stable locality sensitive hashing was put forward,and in this method,the locality sensitive hashing was used for mapping the eigenvector of data pattern on the hash table.During modeling,the data pattern with the same hash value to the eigenvector of data event was extracted from the hash table,and the most similar data pattern was applied to replace the data events at the to-be-estimated area.Through the instance-based comparison between the new algorithm and existing methods such as SIMPAT,and the new algorithm has a high computational efficiency in saving the memory space,and the sensibility analysis,non-conditional and conditional simulations are conducted on the key parameters of algorithm,which can better reproduce the prior geo-mode of training image.

为了探讨河控三角洲河口坝在生长过程中不同发育阶段的沉积特征及其受到水位变化的影响,以鄱阳湖信江三角洲为现代沉积考察对象,通过对国内外4个典型河控三角洲高精度卫星照片的统计与分析,明确了河口坝的沉积特征及发育过程,定量计算了河口坝在不同生长阶段的参数,阐明了水位变化对河口坝生长的控制作用.研究结果表明:河口坝形成之后会继续经历一系列沉积作用,发育天然堤、决口扇、决口水道、漫流沉积、远砂坝、席状砂及泥质沉积等,形成河口坝复合体.河口坝复合体的生长可分为4个阶段:三角形河口坝复合体,V形河口坝复合体,不规则V形河口坝复合体,心滩形河口坝复合体,河口坝复合体长度与分叉前河道宽度的比值可以作为划分河口坝复合体发育阶段的重要参数.在高水位条件下,河口坝复合体的生长表现为远砂坝、前三角洲、湖相泥岩的沉积以及河水漫过天然堤发育决口扇、沼泽、支流间湾等;低水位条件下表现为河口坝的形成以及天然堤的生长.