根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、黏土矿物X线衍射、地层水及物性参数等资料,分析塔里木盆地库车坳陷依奇克里克构造带下侏罗统阿合组砂岩的岩石学、成岩作用及地层水等特征,结合依奇克里克构造带阿合组热史—埋藏史、裂缝和断层分布规律,探讨依奇克里克背斜轴部和翼部阿合组砂岩储层成岩流体封闭性特征及其油气保存条件.结果表明:依奇克里克背斜轴部阿合组砂岩自生高岭石体积分数较高,背斜翼部的较低;背斜轴部与翼部阿合组砂岩成岩演化序列出现差异的时间距今约为5 Ma;相较于背斜翼部,背斜轴部阿合组地层水中钠氯系数及脱硫系数较高,变质系数较低;背斜轴部阿合组砂岩的成岩流体系统封闭性比背斜翼部的弱,影响天然气聚集.该结果对预测依奇克里克构造带油气藏分布具有指导意义.
The Carboniferous-Permian tectonic evolution between the northern margin of the Tarim Basin and the Southern Tianshan Ocean remains a controversial issue. Based on the sedimentation, sandstone modal components, and heavy mineral assemblages of the Kangkelin Formation in the Sishichang profile of the Tarim Basin, NW China, the U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope characteristics of the sandstone samples by LA-ICP-MS in situ were analyzed, and the chronology, provenance characteristics, and tectonic evolution of the north Tarim Basin in the Carboniferous-Permian were further discussed. Compared with the potential provenances, the paleo-uplift inside of the Tarim Basin is probably the key provenance, and the recyclic sedimentation, from the Altun orogenic belt and/or the West Kunlun orogenic belt and accumulated in the Tarim Basin before the Late Devonian, is also essential. Provenance characteristics show that although the South Tianshan Ocean has closed, the sedimentary responses of the orogenic events have not been recorded in the Asselian (the Early Permian), and the closing event has less influence on the tectonic framework and provenance system of the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin. Moreover, compared with previous studies, the provenance characteristics of the Keping area changed significantly from the Asselian to Sakmarian in the Early Permian, which transformed the single provenance of the paleo-uplift into the dual provenance of both the basin and the orogenic belts. The closed South Tianshan Ocean began to uplift in the Sakmarian and gradually became the important provenance area of the northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin.
近年来研学旅行成为教育改革的新方向,在全国范围内如火如荼地开展着,但是在实际实施过程中存在一些显著的问题,如缺少科学设计、缺乏课程理念、缺乏专业研学师资队伍等,影响研学旅行的教育价值,本文针对存在的问题提出了相应的解决策略,以期为我国研学旅行的持续发展保驾护航.
云南特色小镇在全省的分布不均衡,地区差异明显.以云南省入选创建名单的105个特色小镇为对象,运用ArcGIS进行空间分析,结合数理统计,研究云南特色小镇空间分布形态及影响其分布和发展的因素.研究结果为:特色小镇数量在各个州市差距较大,其中红河州的特色小镇数量最多,迪庆州的特色小镇最少;特色小镇的类型主要以旅游小镇为主,农业小镇为辅;云南省特色小镇表现出集聚的空间分布状态,呈凝聚型分布,空间分布密度呈北部疏、中部和南部密,形成了保山市西部、昆明-红河-玉溪两个高密集区,以大理为核心的一个次级密度区;特色小镇空间分布受地形地貌、自然和人文资源禀赋、交通路网、政策因素的影响.
通过分析露头剖面、岩石微观组构及主量元素等特征,探讨了陆良彩色沙林成景地层沉积环境、成岩作用及景观形态、颜色成因.研究结果表明:(1)彩色沙林成景地层为茨营组,该组沉积环境为扇三角洲相、辫状河相及滨浅湖亚相,其中砾石成分主要为碎屑岩及变质岩,磨圆度及分选性较差,砂岩类型主要为中细岩屑砂岩,颗粒以点接触为主;(2)研究区茨营组砂岩在同生成岩阶段至早成岩阶段A期形成的铁、锰氧化物是影响砂岩固结的关键因素.铁、锰氧化物及有机质含量及分布使砂岩颜色改变;(3)茨营组的沉积环境、成岩作用及构造作用是导致岩石形态及颜色变化的主要因素.
白云岩储层展布是塔里木盆地塔东地区深层白云岩油气藏勘探的关键问题.为认识塔里木盆地塔东低凸起米兰地区寒武系白云岩,选取典型井米兰1井,在岩心和镜下薄片观测的基础上,对各种类型的白云岩进行了稀土元素地球化学特征测试.结果表明,各类白云岩稀土元素含量均较低,且随着晶粒增大,总质量分数减小;不同类型白云岩的δEu异常显著不同,泥微晶、细晶、中晶和粗晶白云岩的δEu分别介于0.97～1.08,0.77～1.05,0.80～3.23,0.81～2.23;大部分样品δCe负异常,介于0.86～1.02.所有样品稀土元素PAAS配分模式分为3种类型,即δEu负异常型、δEu正异常型和δEu无异常型.在白云石化过程中,蒸发泵机制是米兰1井寒武系白云岩的基础成因,第一种白云岩后期还受到埋藏环境的影响,第二种后期还受到热液环境改造,第三种形成于回流渗透机制.白云岩储层的形成受多种条件的控制,其中有利的沉积环境是储层形成的先决条件,大规模白云石化是储层形成的基石,裂缝体系对储层有多重影响,而溶蚀作用是储层形成的关键.
致密砂岩气资源潜力巨大,已经成为全球范围内非常规天然气勘探的热点之一.致密砂岩储层形成机理是制约油气勘探的重要因素,因此依据岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光以及物性参数等资料,系统地分析了库车坳陷克深井区巴什基奇克组致密砂岩储层的岩石学特征、储集空间组合特征以及有效储层形成演化的主控因素.结果表明:高能沉积微相的叠合控制着有效储层的分布;压实作用和胶结作用是主要的破坏性成岩作用,溶蚀作用和构造裂缝的组合成为储层质量改善的主控因素;在异常高压和膏盐层的配合下,储层储集物性进一步保持和改善.沉积环境、成岩作用以及构造运动等多因素综合控制着库车坳陷巴什基奇克组有效储层的形成.
塔中4油田含砾砂岩段发育的隔夹层严重阻碍了油田的开发.在岩心、薄片观察基础上,结合前人研究,总结出本区隔夹层的成因主要有3大类7小类.根据岩性、电性、物性、产状、宏观展布等,进一步将不同成因的隔夹层分为泥粉质隔夹层、钙质隔夹层、物性隔夹层,并厘定了非取心井段隔夹层识别的物性、电性标准.最后基于单井解释,揭示了隔夹层的发育与沉积环境、沉积旋回、断层的关系:随着沉积水体逐渐加深,物性隔夹层从5小层至1小层迅速减少,而泥粉质隔层则相反;在每一个基准面上升旋回,顶部容易发育泥粉质隔夹层,底部容易发育物性隔夹层;钙质隔夹层则受断层控制.
研学旅行能为学生提供真实的地理教学情境,已成为有效培养地理学科核心素养的重要途径.文章以云蒙山研学旅行为例,设计了基于地理学科核心素养培养的研学旅行任务,旨在为全面落实地理学科核心素养的培养创造条件,以促进学生更好地成长和终身发展.
为了应对旅游业转型升级及城市经济转型和可持续发展的挑战,全域旅游应运而生.2016年底,云南省元谋县凭借其独特的自然景观、遗迹遗址及历史文化等资源成为云南省全域旅游示范县,但在大众旅游时代背景下,元谋县旅游业发展存在资源开发利用及产业发展关联程度低、旅游产业模式陈旧和基础设施建设薄弱等问题.在对元谋县旅游资源类型、分布及特点等综合分析的基础上,应用SWOT分析方法探讨了元谋县目前发展全域旅游的优势、劣势、机遇及竞争威胁,据此得到元谋县旅游产品定位,并从“旅游+”的产业融合角度提出该县全域旅游发展新模式.
Based on genetic analysis and correlation of stratigraphic frameworks, depositional sequences and detrital zircon chronological records, the paper further explored the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic tectonic attributes and evolutional informations of Sino-Korean blocks. For the Pyeongnam and Tabeaksan basins, Korean Peninsula, and interior of North China block, their stratigraphic frameworks and depositional sequences are mainly characterized by the Cambrian-Ordovician inner continental shelf carbonate deposition, Silurian-Devonian non-deposition and middle-upper Carboniferous-Permian littoral coal-bearing deposition, in which the comparable age peaks of detrital zircons, including 1.85 Ga, 2.5 Ga, 1.15 Ga and 1.6 Ga, occur in the most sandstone samples of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic strata. However, for the Imjingang and Okcheon belts, Korean Peninsula, and southeast margin of North China block, their stratigraphic units are mainly composed by the Devonian-Carboniferous mudstones/schists, intermediate basic volcanics and pyroclastic rocks, generally characterized by depositional environments of outer continental shelf, with the comparably minimum age peaks close to the stratigraphic time ranges, also reflecting strong tectonic-magmatic activities during sedimentary stages. Therefore, it is presented that Korean Peninsula and North China are both belong to the first-order tectonic unit, that is, Sino-Korean Plate. However, due to southwestern Korean Peninsula and southeastern North China near to the plate margin, unstable/active tectonic regions, their stratigraphic-depositional records are obviously different those in the plate interior, indicating no identical stratigraphic-depositional model between them.
