Objective:To understand the research status and development trends on the application of virtual reality technology in nursing field at home and abroad, so as to provide a reference for the further development of virtual reality technology.Methods:Literatures related to the application of virtual reality in nursing field published from 2001 to 2021 from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science Core Collection were retrieved. Visualization analysis was conducted on the number of publications, journals, authors, institutions and keywords using CiteSpace 5.6. R2 software.Results:A total of 596 literatures were included, and the number of publications showed an rising trend. The number and scale of foreign core authors and core institutional groups were larger than those in China. The common hot keywords at home and abroad were education, pain, anxiety, rehabilitation, etc. Foreign research trends were telemedicine, inter-professional cooperation and so on, while domestic research trends were chronic care, continuity care, disaster care, etc.Conclusions:Domestic research on virtual reality technology is later than foreign research, however it has developed rapidly in the past 2 years, and the annual average number of published papers is gradually approaching that of foreign countries. Domestic and foreign authors and institutions need to strengthen cooperation. Relevant researches at home and abroad both focus on nursing education and clinical application. In addition, foreign countries pay more attention to the cooperation between various disciplinary teams, and China pays more attention to chronic disease management.

This study reviewed the exercise intensity，exercise time，exercise frequency，exercise mode and assessment tools of bowel cleanliness for bowel preparation，explored the relevant mechanisms of exercise to improve the effect of bowel cleansing，and analyzed the safety and efficacy of exercise on bowel preparation，in order to provide reference for clinicians to formulate personalized bowel preparation programs.

目的 了解护士人文护理培训现状和培训需求,为制订人文护理培训方案、有针对性的开展护士人文护理在职培训提供依据.方法 2021年8月—9月,采用便利抽样法,抽取全国28个省市的23707名护士为调查对象,采用自行设计的问卷通过问卷星平台进行调查.结果 99.71％的护士自入职后至少参加过1项人文护理相关内容的培训,54.61％的护士有26项内容的培训经历,26项人文护理培训内容的培训率和需求率分别为74.63％～98.30％和88.75％～96.35％.护士参加培训的途径主要为岗前培训(77.08％)、护士分层核心能力培训(73.56％)及医院公共培训(72.92％);培训形式主要有理论讲授(85.96％)、视频学习(72.61％)、案例教学法(64.17％);培训师资主要为护理管理者(89.19％).培训形式单一(49.42％)、内容缺乏针对性(46.78％)、培训课程不系统(37.47％)、培训师资力量不强(36.87％)是目前培训存在的主要问题.95.02％的护士认为有必要针对临床护士建立系统规范的人文护理执业能力培训课程,87.93％的护士认为有必要开展人文护理专科护士培训,在培训模式的选择上,46.19％的护士选择理论和实践各一半的模式,93.54％的护士希望通过线上进行理论知识的培训.结论 国内护士人文护理在职培训的培训内容广泛、培训率较高、培训需求大.在培训课程、培训形式、培训师资等方面应进一步完善,亟需规范护士人文护理在职培训课程、构建人文护理培训模式,以提高培训效果.

This paper expounds the concept of humanistic nursing and humanistic nursing training, and summarizes the current situation of humanistic nursing training. Mainly includes training courses based on humanistic care nursing theory, training courses based on humanistic medical practice skill training, training courses based on training mode, training courses guided by promoting hospital development, humanistic training aimed at developing humanistic nursing discipline, etc. Through summarizing the existing research results, to provide reference for the construction of systematic training courses of humanistic nursing practice ability.

目的 了解广东省临床护士生命体征测量行为特点与测量态度,为改进生命体征测量质量、提高护士病情观察能力提供参考.方法 采用便利抽样法,对广东省66所医院的1554名护士进行生命体征测量态度及行为的问卷调查.结果 护士生命体征测量态度平均得分为(49.79±7.82)分,各维度得分分别与年龄、学历、职称、护龄、工作岗位等相关(均P<0.01).过去1个月中,1229名(79.09％)护士承担过生命体征测量工作,1012名(65.12％)护士曾因此延误下班.调查对象中只有579名(37.26％)护士在临床中使用过病情危重程度评估工具,遇到异常体征时仅710名(45.69％)护士会结合经验评价后选择处理方式,874名(56.24％)护士工作后接受过相关培训.结论 生命体征测量是护士日常耗时较多的基础性工作,护士测量态度得分低,相关培训少、知识储备不足,管理者应积极促进工具改善,同时持续开展相关培训,不断提升病情观察与处理的评判性思维.

为了解护士参加人文护理培训的意愿及影响因素,为管理者了解现状提升护士人文护理培训积极性提供参考.采用便利抽样法,对来自于28个省份的23707名护士通过网络发放自设问卷进行调查.结果显示,98.1％的护士认为参加人文护理相关培训对临床工作有帮助,但仅有88.6％的被调查者有参加人文护理培训的意愿.从个体基本特征、个人认知、个人相关经历、组织环境氛围四个方面30个研究因素进行分析,15个因素在二元Logistic回归分析中有显著意义(P<0.05),其中对培训意愿有正向影响的因素有:婚姻、学历、职称、岗位编制;认同人文护理是护士的基本职责、工作中有受表扬的经历;家人支持、与患者的关系融洽、同事参加培训的激情、持续开展优质护理示范活动、加入人文护理相关组织、培训费用医院报销(OR值为1.113～6.559,P<0.001),其中认为人文护理是护士职责的OR值为6.559,95％CI为5.585～7.702.阻碍护士参加培训的因素有:工作占据了大部分时间和精力、认为人文护理抽象难懂、认为已掌握的人文知识和技能满足工作的需要(OR值为0.657～0.722,P<0.001).通过分析认为,护士对人文护理培训的意义有非常一致的高认可度,但其接受培训的意愿受个体经历、认知态度、组织氛围等多因素影响,要实现护士对人文护理培训的高认知度到行为的高积极性,必须从个体认识、组织氛围等方面进行探讨.

目的 系统评价咀嚼口香糖对接受结肠镜检查患者肠道准备清洁度及安全性的影响,为肠道准备提供循证医学依据.方法 计算机检索中英文数据库自建库至2021年7月20日有关咀嚼口香糖与肠道准备的随机对照研究(randomized controlled trials,RCTs).经筛选文献、评价方法学质量与提取资料,使用RevMan 5.4.1软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入10个RCTs,包括2002例患者.Meta分析结果显示,肠道准备期间咀嚼口香糖不仅可以改善肠道清洁度的总评分(WMD=0.31,95％CI:0.05～0.56,P=0.02)和右半结肠清洁度的评分(WMD=0.18,95％CI:0.08～0.27,P<0.001),降低恶心(OR=0.39,95％CI:0.30～0.50,P<0.001)、呕吐(OR=0.51,95％CI:0.37～0.71,P<0.001)、腹痛(OR=0.59,95％CI:0.42～0.83,P=0.003)和腹胀(OR=0.49,95％CI:0.37～0.65,P<0.001)的发生率,还可以提高患者的服药依从性(OR=4.80,95％CI:2.18～10.57,P<0.001)、总体满意度(OR=2.00,95％CI:1.10～3.63,P=0.02)和再次肠镜意愿(OR=3.68,95％CI:2.03～6.68,P<0.001),但在提高左半及横结肠清洁度、盲肠插管率和息肉检出率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 咀嚼口香糖可以提高接受结肠镜检查患者肠道准备的安全性和质量,但在提高盲肠插管率和息肉检出率方面效果不确切,有待进一步验证.