IntroductionEnterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main pathogen that causes diarrhea, especially in young children. This disease can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality and is a major global health concern. Managing ETEC infections is challenging owing to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Berberine, categorized as a substance with similarities in “medicine and food,” has been used in China for hundreds of years to treat gastrointestinal disorders and bacteria-induced diarrhea. This study investigated the preventive effect of dietary berberine on the intestinal mucosal barrier induced by ETEC and the microbial community within the intestines of weaned piglets.MethodsTwenty-four piglets were randomly divided into four groups. Piglets were administered either a standard diet or a standard diet supplemented with berberine at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1%. and orally administered ETEC or saline.ResultsDietary supplementation with berberine reduced diamine oxidase, d-lactate, and endotoxin levels in piglets infected with ETEC (P < 0.05). Berberine increased jejunal villus height, villus/crypt ratio, mucosal thickness (P < 0.05), and goblet cell numbers in the villi and crypts (P < 0.05). Furthermore, berberine increased the optical density of mucin 2 and the mucin 2, P-glycoprotein, and CYP3A4 mRNA expression levels (P < 0.05). Berberine increased the expressions of zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1), zonula occludins-2 (ZO-2), Claudin-1, Occludin, and E-cadherin in the ileum (P < 0.05). Moreover, berberine increased the expression of BCL2, reduced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis (P < 0.05) and decreased the expression of BAX and BAK in the duodenum and jejunum, as well as that of CASP3 and CASP9 in the duodenum and ileum (P < 0.05). Berberine decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (P < 0.05) and elevated total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid concentrations (P < 0.05). Notably, berberine enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria including Enterococcus, Holdemanella, Weissella, Pediococcus, Muribaculum, Colidextribacter, Agathobacter, Roseburia, Clostridium, Fusicatenibacter, and Bifidobacterium. Simultaneously, the relative abundance of harmful and pathogenic bacteria, such as Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Corynebacterium, Catenisphaera, Streptococcus, Enterobacter, and Collinsella, decreased (P < 0.05).DiscussionBerberine alleviated ETEC-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage in weaned piglets models. This is associated with enhancement of the physical, chemical, and immune barrier functions of piglets by enhancing intestinal microbiota homeostasis.

Boron (B) is a trace element that plays an important role in animal nutrition and health; however, its effects on the productive performance of Wanxi white geese remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary boron on reproductive performance, egg quality, and serum biochemical indices in Wanxi white geese during the laying period. A total of 126 one-year-old healthy geese were selected and randomly divided into three groups: 0 mg/kg B (control), 57 mg/kg B, and 114 mg/kg B supplementation in the diet. Each treatment included three replicates, with 14 geese (11 females and 3 males) in each replicate. Compared with the control group, boron supplementation at both 57 mg/kg and 114 mg/kg significantly reduced mating frequency and egg malformation rate, while increasing reproductive hormone levels and promoting follicular development. The 114 mg/kg B group showed significant improvements in egg qualification rate, hatchability, egg yolk ratio, and egg shape index. Additionally, it significantly enhanced yolk color (b* value). However, both boron-supplemented groups exhibited a significant reduction in eggshell thickness during the later laying period. Serum biochemical analysis revealed that 114 mg/kg B significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, suggesting a protective effect on liver function, whereas 57 mg/kg B significantly decreased the albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, indicating reduced hepatic protein synthesis capacity. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 114 mg/kg boron enhances the egg qualification rate, hatchability, egg quality, follicular development, and serum biochemical indices in Wanxi white geese, supporting its potential as a beneficial feed additive during the laying period.

Crude protein (CP) in diets is essential for maintaining animal health and production performance. However, the protein requirements of Wanxi white geese during the laying period are not well understood. In this study, 120 one-year-old Wanxi white geese were selected and divided into three groups based on similar body weights, namely 14% CP, 15% CP, and 16% CP, with each group consisting of 40 animals. The feed was administered for 120 days. Compared with the 14% CP group, the 15% CP group showed a significant increase in the number of courtships and matings, a reduction in nesting frequency, an enhancement in the egg fertility, and an improvement in the nutritional components, and specific gravity of eggs. Additionally, the 16% CP group promoted the secretion of serum E2, LH, P4, and GnRH while inhibiting the secretion of LEP, compared with the 14% CP group. Taken together, it can be seen that a diet containing 15% CP can enhance the reproductive performance, egg fertility, and egg quality of Wanxi white geese. This study is the first to analyze the effects of different dietary CP levels on the reproductive performance and egg specific gravity of Wanxi white geese during the laying period, providing a theoretical basis for formulating feeding standards for this breed.

Improving feed efficiency in Tianchang Sanhuang chickens is essential for reducing production costs and environmental burden. The objective of this study was to integrate transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify key regulatory genes, metabolites, and pathways associated with residual feed intake (RFI) and feed efficiency. In this study, 650 Tianchang Sanhuang laying hens with similar body weights at 36 weeks of age were evaluated for daily feed intake (DFI), RFI, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The chickens were classified by RFI (mean ± 0.5 SD) into high-RFI (HRFI, n = 165) and low-RFI (LRFI, n = 158) groups. Phenotypes, serum biochemistry, antioxidant indices, and intestinal traits were compared in subsets (n = 8 per group). Duodenal transcriptomes (RNA-seq) and serum metabolomes (LC-MS/MS) were profiled in independent subsets (n = 4 per group). Compared with HRFI, LRFI hens showed lower RFI, FCR, and DFI (P < 0.01), with no differences in expected feed intake (EFI), metabolic body weight (MBW), daily egg mass (DEM), or average daily gain (ADG) (P > 0.05). The LRFI group showed increased breast muscle redness (a)* (P < 0.05), higher leg muscle drip loss (P < 0.01), and significantly lower levels of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05). The intestinal morphology and molecular analyses revealed enhanced nutrient absorption and intestinal barrier function in the LRFI group. Transcriptomic analysis identified 237 differentially expressed genes (P < 0.05, |log2FC| ≥ 1) enriched in pathways related to digestion, energy metabolism, and appetite regulation. Metabolomic analysis detected 101 differentially expressed metabolites (VIP ≥ 1, |log2FC| ≥ 1), indicating that RFI is closely associated with protein and lipid metabolism. Integrated analysis identified candidate biomarkers for low RFI individuals selection, including genes such as ACSM5, AHSG, CTRB1, PLA2G1B, AMY2A, CPA1, CCKAR and metabolites including taurine, uridine, L-phenylalanine, D-glucose 6-phosphate and 5‑hydroxy-L-tryptophan. Overall, LRFI hens maintain production while achieving lower intake, potentially via reduced inflammation/oxidative stress and enhanced digestion, barrier integrity, appetite, and energy metabolism, offering targets for marker-assisted improvement of feed efficiency in local breeds.

Bee pollen is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, exhibiting properties such as antioxidant effects, immune enhancement, and promotion of growth and development. However, there are limited studies on the use of bee pollen in goose breeding. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rape bee pollen (RBP) and camellia bee pollen (CBP) on production performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant and immune indices, and gut microbiota in Wanxi white goose. In this study, 180 30-day-old Wanxi white goose with similar body weight were randomly divided into three groups with three replicates containing 20 goose each replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, RBP group received the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg RBP, and CBP group received the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg CBP. The experiment lasted for 60 days, with sampling conducted at 60 and 90 days of age. The results revealed that RBP could significantly increase the full eviscerated rate of Wanxi white goose. Additionally, RBP and CBP significantly improved the structure of small intestine tissue, enhanced antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activity, and regulated the cecal microbial community structure of Wanxi white goose, with RBP demonstrating superior effects compared to CBP. Taken together, RBP and CBP significantly improved serum biochemical indices, intestinal function and the composition of intestinal flora in Wanxi white goose, with RBP demonstrating superior effects compared to CBP.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, inflammatory factors, and gut microbiota of weaned piglets challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of eighteen weaned piglets [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), average weight 7.54 ± 0.86 kg] were randomly assigned to the following three groups: (1) CON:basal diet; (2) LPS: basal diet + LPS challenge; and (3) LPS_GML: with 1000 mg/kg GML. On day 21, LPS or saline was injected into the piglets via intraperitoneal injection, and samples were collected after 4 h. Results showed that no differences were observed in the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed consumption (ADFI), and G/F ratio. GML supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio, the protein expression of claudin-1 and occludin, the mRNA expression of claudin-1, SOD, and GSH-Px, while decreased (p < 0.05) the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and reactive oxygen (ROS) concentrations and the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 compared with the LPS group. Moreover, GML regulated LPS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by reshaping the composition of gut microbiota, such as increasing (p < 0.05) Actinobacteriota, Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 20531, Lactobacillus mucosae LM1, and Bifidobacterium boum, while decreasing (p < 0.05) Spirochaetota. Dietary GML supplementation improved the barrier function, reduced the inflammatory factors, and modulated the composition of gut microbiota in piglets challenged by LPS.

Despite several factors influencing reproduction in geese, but the precise molecular mechanisms of egg cessation are not fully understood. In the present study, the hematopoietic parameters and serum hormone levels in Wanxi white geese were analyzed. RNA-Seq was utilized to identify the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) in the ovarian tissues associated with nesting in geese during the late-laying and nesting periods. Triglyceride (TG) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were higher in late-laying geese, while white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) levels were significantly lower in late-laying geese. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E2), and progesterone (P4) increased significantly during the late-laying period, whereas prolactin (PRL) level was lower in the late-laying period than the nesting period. During the late-laying period, geese had a clear follicular hierarchy, with ovaries exhibiting mature and primary follicles. In the nesting period, the ovaries were degenerated and had many primary follicles without follicular development. Analysis of mRNA-lncRNA expression revealed 1,257 DEGs between the nesting and the late-laying stages, of which 841 were up-regulated and 416 were down-regulated DEGs. A total of 340 DE lncRNAs were identified between the nesting and the late-laying periods, with 113 being up-regulated and 227 down-regulated lncRNAs. DEGs, including TMEM, DRD3, IGFBP7, MAPK13, GnRHR2, HECTD3, KCNU1, OPRD1, and VCAM1, along with DE lncRNAs, including XR_001203613.1, XR_001206155.1, XR_001207759.1, XR_001213571.1 and XR_001214368.1 participate in reproduction in geese. Correlation analysis indicated that the cis-regulation of XR_001213096.1-ITPR3, XR_001203613.1-GALNT15, XR_001206155.1-COL6A3, XR_001207759.1-ANKS1B, and XR_001214368.1-VPS45 participate in the molecular mechanisms underlying nesting in geese. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the DEGs and DE lncRNAs associated with focal adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, were responsible for the differences in the ovaries between the nesting and late-laying periods. This study offers valuable information on the roles of genes and lncRNAs, and the mechanisms underlying variations in reproductive performance between the late-laying and nesting periods.

BackgroundThe benefits of Vitamin K (VK) in mitigating inflammation have been well-established, while the underlying mechanisms remain not yet fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate its protective effects and underlying mechanisms in LPS-induced intestinal inflammation of piglets.MethodsIn a 21-day study, 24 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to 4 groups: CON group (basal diet), VK group (basal diet + 4.5 mg/kg VK3), LPS group (basal diet + LPS challenge), LPS+VK (basal diet + 4.5 mg/kg VK3 + LPS challenge). On day 21, LPS or saline was administered to the piglets by intraperitoneal injection. The IPEC-J2 cells were treated with or without VK and LPS for 24 h and analyzed with various assays.ResultsMorphological analysis revealed that VK significantly restored the decreased villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth induced by LPS. VK effectively upregulated tight junction proteins claudin-1 expression. Furthermore, VK notably suppressed the overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, as well as the concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO) and reactive oxygen (ROS), while restoring the reduced expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The combined analysis of transcriptome and proteome, as well as the Western blot verification, indicated that VK mainly mediates the restriction of the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Moreover, VK relieved gut microbiota dysbiosis, such as decreasing in Spirochaetato.ConclusionThese results indicated that VK alleviated intestinal inflammation in piglets by inhibiting the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways as well as the regulation of in the gut microbiota.

IntroductionEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main diarrhea-causing pathogen in children and young animals and has become a global health concern. Berberine is a type of “medicine and food homology” and has a long history of use in China, particularly in treating gastrointestinal disorders and bacterial diarrhea.MethodsIn this study, we explored the effects of berberine on growth performance, intestinal inflammation, oxidative damage, and intestinal microbiota in a weaned piglet model of ETEC infection. Twenty-four piglets were randomly divided into four groups—a control group (fed a basal diet [BD] and infused with saline), a BD+ETEC group (fed a basal diet and infused with ETEC), a LB+ETEC group (fed a basal diet with 0.05% berberine and infused with ETEC infection), and a HB+ETEC group (fed a basal diet with 0.1% berberine and infused with ETEC).ResultsBerberine significantly improved the final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P<0.05) of piglets, and effectively decreased the incidence of diarrhea among the animals (P<0.05). Additionally, berberine significantly downregulated the expression levels of the genes encoding TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, IKKα, and IKKβ in the small intestine of piglets (P<0.05). ETEC infection significantly upregulated the expression of genes coding for Nrf2, CAT, SOD1, GPX1, GST, NQO1, HO-1, GCLC, and GCLM in the small intestine of the animals (P<0.05). Berberine significantly upregulated 12 functional COG categories and 7 KEGG signaling pathways. A correlation analysis showed that berberine significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Gemmiger, Pediococcus, Levilactobacillus, Clostridium, Lactiplantibacillus, Weissella, Enterococcus, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus) and decreased that of pathogenic bacteria (Prevotella, Streptococcus, Parabacteroides, Flavonifractor, Alloprevotella) known to be closely related to intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in piglets. In conclusion, ETEC infection disrupted the intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets, upregulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways, and consequently leading to intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress-induced damage.DiscussionOur data indicated that berberine can optimize intestinal microbiota balance and modulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways, thus helping to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage caused by ETEC infection in weaned piglets.

Boron is an essential trace element with roles in growth, development, and physiological functions; however, its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, the regulatory roles of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway on boron-induced changes in barrier function, proliferation, and apoptosis in rat intestinal epithelial cells were evaluated. Occludin levels, the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase, cell proliferation rate, and mRNA and protein expression levels of PCNA were higher, while the proportions of cells in the G0/G1 and S phases, apoptosis rate, and caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression levels were lower in cells treated with 0.8 mmol/L boron than in control IEC-6 cells (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). However, 40 mmol/L boron decreased ZO-1 and Occludin levels, the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase, cell proliferation rate, and mRNA and protein levels of PCNA and increased the apoptosis rate and caspase-3 mRNA expression (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). After specifically blocking PI3K and Akt signals (using LY294002 and MK-2206 2HCL), 0.8 mmol/L boron had no effects on Occludin, PCNA level, apoptosis rates, and caspase-3 levels (P < 0.05); however, the proliferation rate and PCNA levels decreased significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The addition of 40 mmol/L boron did not affect ZO-1 and Occludin levels and did not affect the apoptosis rate or PCNA and caspase-3 levels. These results suggested that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediates the effects of low-dose boron on IEC-6 cells.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of bile acids (BAs) supplementation on fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS), production performance, and physiological and quality characteristics of laying hen eggs. Sixty Sanhuang laying hens, aged 28 weeks, were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments over a 4-week period, including the control (CON) group (feeding basal diet), the high-fat diet (HFD)-treated group (basal diet containing 10% soybean oil), and HFD supplemented with 0.01% and 0.02% of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) groups. Production performance, egg quality, liver morphology, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacity, proinflammatory cytokines, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated. The average body weight in 0.01% CDCA was larger than in the HFD group (p < 0.05). Eggshell Thickness in the CON group was greater than in the HFD, 0.01% CDCA, and HDCA groups (p < 0.05). Albumen height in the 0.02% HDCA group was higher than the HFD group (p < 0.05). Eggshell weight in the HFD group was less than the CON group (p < 0.05). Haugh unit (HU) in the HDCA group was larger than the HFD group (p < 0.05). Albumen weight in the 0.02% HDCA group was greater than the CON and HFD groups (p < 0.05). In the HFD group, the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipo-protein cholesterol (LDL-C) were surpassing the other groups (p < 0.05). The levels of catalase (CAT) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the HFD group was smaller than the other groups (p < 0.05). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the HFD group was higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were larger in the HFD group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated significant variations in the relative abundance of specific bacterial populations among the different treatment groups. The treatment and CON groups exhibited a higher presence of bacteria that inhibit host energy absorption or promote intestinal health such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Ruminococcus, whereas the HFD group showed an increased prevalence of potentially pathogenic or deleterious bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio spp. In conclusion, the supplementation of BAs in poultry feed has been demonstrated to effectively mitigate the detrimental effects of FLHS in laying hens. This intervention regulates lipid metabolism, bolsters antioxidant defenses, reduces inflammation, and modulates the gut microbiota, offering a novel perspective on the application of BAs in the poultry industry.

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of plant polysaccharides combined with boric acid on digestive function, immune function and harmful gas and heavy metal contents in the faeces of fatteners. For this study, 90 healthy crossbred fatteners were selected and randomly divided into five groups: the control group was fed with a basal diet (Con); experimental group I was fed with basal diet + 40 mg/kg boric acid (BA); experimental group II was fed with basal diet + 40 mg/kg boric acid + 400 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharides (BA+APS); experimental group III was fed with basal diet + 40 mg/kg boric acid + 200 mg/kg Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (BA+GLP); and experimental group IV was fed with basal diet + 40 mg/kg boric acid + 500 mg/kg Echinacea polysaccharides (BA+EPS). Compared with Con, the average daily gain (ADG), the trypsin activities in the duodenum and jejunum, the IL-2 levels in the spleen, the T-AOC activities and GSH-Px contents in the lymph node of fattening were increased in the BA group (p < 0.05), but malondialdehyde content in the lymph and spleen, and the contents of NH3, H2S, Hg, Cu, Fe and Zn in the feces and urine were decreased (p < 0.05). Compared with the BA, the ADG, gain-to-feed ratio (G/F), the trypsin and maltase activities in the duodenum and jejunum were increased in the BA+APS (p < 0.05), and the T-SOD activities in the spleen and T-AOC activities in the lymph node were also increased (p < 0.05), but the H2S level was decreased in the feces and urine (p < 0.05). Compared with the BA, the ADG, G/F and the trypsin and maltase activities in the duodenum were increased in the BA+GLP and BA+EPS (p < 0.05), the activities of maltase and lipase in the duodenum of fatteners in the BA+GLP and the activities of trypsin, maltase and lipase in the BA+EPS were increased (p < 0.05). Gathering everything together, our findings reveal that the combined addition of boric acid and plant polysaccharides in the diet of fatteners synergistically improved their growth performance and immune status. That may be achieved by regulating the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, improving the antioxidant function and then promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Furthermore, the above results reduce the emission of harmful gases and heavy metals in feces and urine.

为探究不同日龄皖西白鹅血液指标、免疫器官组织形态和抗氧化指标的变化,本实验随机选择 30 日龄健康皖西白鹅饲养,分别在 60、90 日龄和 105 日龄翅下静脉采血,60、90 日龄时处死并取胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊和肝脏用于指标测定.结果显示:在血常规指标中,白细胞数、红细胞数随日龄增加而升高,其中 90日龄皖西白鹅的红细胞分布宽度标准差指标较 60、105 日龄显著升高.与 60 日龄相比,90、105 日龄皖西白鹅的血液生化指标水平显著升高.无机磷、间接胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、天门冬氨酸基转移酶、血清乳酸脱氢酶、总蛋白、甘油三酯水平随日龄增加而降低,钙和球蛋白水平则随日龄增加而显著升高.与60 日龄皖西白鹅相比,90 日龄皖西白鹅法氏囊小结平均个数、法氏囊小结平均面积显著下降,脾脏重量显著增加,脾小结平均面积显著降低.抗氧化指标中,60 日龄皖西白鹅法氏囊GSH显著高于 90 日龄.在 60～105日龄阶段,通过血液生理生化指标变化情况说明 90 日龄皖西白鹅生长发育已趋于成熟;90 日龄时中枢免疫器官胸腺仍继续发育,而法氏囊结构上呈现退化趋势,外周免疫器官脾脏从 60 日龄至 90 日龄持续发育,60日龄时肝脏在结构上成熟.综上,90 日龄时皖西白鹅免疫器官发育基本成熟,血液生理生化水平趋于稳定.

目的:分析猪Nramp1基因序列及其编码蛋白的结构.方法:用生物学软件分析猪Nramp1基因编码区序列,并预测猪Nramp1蛋白的理化性质、信号肽、跨膜结构、二级结构、磷酸化位点、N-糖基化位点、互作蛋白,并分析7个哺乳动物Nramp1蛋白序列的同源性.结果:猪Nramp1基因编码区长1617碱基对(bp),G-C含量(58.50％)高于A-T含量(41.50％).猪Nramp1蛋白分子量为58829.22 u,等电点为8.01,不稳定系数为44.76,平均亲水系数为0.605,氨基酸组成以亮氨酸数量(85个)最多;二级结构主要为α螺旋(占55.58％)和延伸链(占14.13％),没有信号肽,含12个跨膜区,有40个潜在的磷酸化位点、2个N-糖基化位点,与其互作的有TLR4等蛋白.猪Nramp1蛋白序列与水牛、普通牛、山羊、人、小鼠、绵羊的同源性分别为87.2％、88.1％、87.7％、86.8％、84.4％和88.5％.结论:该研究结果为分析猪Nramp1基因及其蛋白的结构和功能提供基础.

目的:探究产蛋期和就巢期皖西白鹅的卵巢组织结构差异,以及就巢时内分泌调控机制.方法:分别选取产蛋期和就巢期皖西白鹅各16只为研究对象,通过分析不同时期鹅卵巢组织结构变化、血清生化指标和激素水平,对比分析各指标的差异.结果:产蛋期皖西白鹅卵巢体积大,卵泡发育更加活跃,生长卵泡较多,卵泡光滑且圆润,各级卵泡的颗粒层和膜层逐渐增厚.就巢期的卵巢缺乏优势卵泡,原始卵泡和闭锁卵泡较多,卵泡凹陷明显.就巢期皖西白鹅血清中总胆固醇和白蛋白含量显著低于产蛋期(P<0.05),甘油三酯含量极显著低于产蛋期(P<0.01);就巢期血清中促卵泡素、雌二醇和促黄体生成素含量显著低于产蛋期(P<0.05).结论:皖西白鹅就巢期间,卵巢内卵泡闭锁明显,机体对营养物质动员降低.皖西白鹅就巢行为受多种生殖激素影响.

In order to study the effect of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide (HEP) on the immune and antioxidation functions of immunosuppressed mice. The control group received distilled water orally and the model and experimental groups I, II, and III received 0, 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg HEP respectively for a fortnight after re-molding with cyoclphosphnalide (CTX). Compared with the control group, the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma, the activity or content of T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-PX, and the expression of PCNA mRNA in the thymus and spleen were reduced in immunosuppressed mice (P < .05 or P < .01). Compared with immunosuppressed mice, the levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and GSH-PX and the PCNA mRNA expression of spleen and thymus were increased (P < .05 or P < .01), and the microstructure were also obviously improved in the experimental group III. Overall, 320 mg/kg of HEP significantly improved the immune and antioxidant functions.

The proper supplementation of boron, an essential trace element, can enhance animal immune function. We utilized the method of TMT peptide labeling in conjunction with LC-MS/MS quantitative proteomics for the purpose of examining the effects of boric acid on a rat model and analyzing proteins from the duodenum. In total, 5594 proteins were obtained from the 0, 10, and 320 mg/L boron treatment groups. Two hundred eighty-four proteins that exhibit differential expression were detected. Among the comparison, groups of 0 vs. 10 mg/L, 0 vs. 320 mg/L, and 10 vs. 320 mg/L of boron, 110, 32, and 179 proteins, respectively, demonstrated differential expression. The results revealed that these differential expression proteins (DEPs) mainly clustered into two profiles. GO annotations suggested that most of the DEPs played a role in the immune system process, in which 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like, myxovirus resistance 1, myxovirus resistance 2, dynein cytoplasmic 1 intermediate chain 1, and coiled-coil domain containing 88B showed differential expression. The DEPs had demonstrated an augmentation in the signaling pathways, which primarily include phagosome, antigen processing, and presentation, as well as cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Our study found that immune responses in the duodenum were enhanced by lower doses of boron and that this effect is likely mediated by changes in protein expression patterns in related signaling pathways. It offers an in-depth understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms that lead to immune modulation in rats subjected to dietary boron treatment.

College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, Anhui, China, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Chuzhou, Anhui, China, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China, Division of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

课程思政是加强学生思想政治教育的重要途径.结合思政教育与动物生理学实验教学的课程特点,探索了动物生理学实验中思政元素的挖掘及有机融入,并改革实验课考核方式,以培养学生的爱国精神、奉献精神、诚信品质、仁爱精神、环保意识、团队协作精神、科学素养和劳动素养等,实现知识能力培养与价值引领的有机统一.