目的 以奇正消痛贴膏(1.8 g和1.2 g规格)为例,通过调研医生和患者了解不同规格中药外用贴剂临床应用病种、部位、敷贴数量等现状.方法 以来自全国28个省份开具过奇正消痛贴膏处方的医生及使用过该贴剂的患者为调研对象,采用横断面研究设计,整群抽样法,自行设计调查问卷,进行访问并收集资料.利用Epidata3.1录入数据,应用SPSS26.0统计软件进行分析.结果 共调查医生346人,患者255人.医生反馈1.8 g、1.2 g规格奇正消痛贴膏临床主要用于腰肌劳损/下腰痛(96.3％、94.5％)、肩周炎(95.0％、94.1％)、颈椎病/落枕(94.9％、91.7％)、急慢性扭挫伤或软组织损伤(92.5％、94.2％)、骨质增生/骨关节炎(93.6％、89.2％)、陈旧性伤痛(92.3％、88.6％)、跌打瘀痛(84.2％、85.8％)、骨骼肌肉疼痛(74.7％、88.6％)、风湿及类风湿疼痛(71.8％、84.2％)、骨折术后恢复期(61.5％、66.9％)的治疗.患者反馈的奇正消痛贴膏应用病种与医生反馈一致.奇正消痛贴膏治疗部位主要为颈(95.7％、97.3％)、肩(95.0％、96.2％)、腰(94.0％、92.9％)、背(89.1％、91.7％)、膝(86.6％、78.5％)、腕(80.3％、71.8％)、踝(78.5％、72.2％)、肘(75.7％、74.6％).治疗时普遍使用1贴/次,但1.2 g规格在肩部(46.6％)、背部(42.4％)、腰部(48.3％)多用2贴/次.1.2 g规格在四肢关节部位或局限性病灶推荐使用率略高于躯干部位病灶,1.8 g规格在躯干部位病灶推荐使用率略高于四肢关节部位或局限性病灶.结论 奇正消痛贴膏(1.8 g、1.2 g规格)临床主要用于骨骼肌肉系统疾病,2种规格贴膏均适宜于四肢关节部位和躯干部位应用,可有效缓解疼痛、肿胀、功能障碍,具有一定应用基础及可及性;且医生更倾向在颈、肩、腰、背等躯干部位使用1.8 g规格贴膏,以满足该类患者精准用药需求.

Background:To explore the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods:A systematic search was made of eight databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Sinomed) and two trial registries (WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov) from inception to September 2022. The effect size was presented as risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with their 95% confidence interval (CI). The Cochrane Risk of Bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tools were used for quality appraisal. Results:Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 732 participants were included. Comparing CHM alone with routine treatment, the CHM group showed lower aspartate aminotransferase (MD=-11.47 U/L, 95%CI[-13.05, -9.89], low certainty), lower alanine aminotransferase (MD=-2.68 U/L, 95%CI[-4.27, -1.08], low certainty), lower total bilirubin (MD=-4.31 mmol/L, 95%CI[-5.66, -2.96], low certainty), lower bilirubin direct (MD=-3.19 mmol/L, 95%CI[-3.87, -2.51], low certainty), and higher effective rate (assessed by symptoms and liver indicators) (RR=1.13, 95%CI[1.06, 1.20], low certainty). A significant difference was also found in CHM plus routine treatment versus routine treatment in the previous outcomes. No significant difference was found on helper T cells among these comparisons. Only one RCT reported safety of CHM and found no adverse reaction during the trial. Conclusions:CHM may improve the liver function indices and effective rate for HIV/AIDS patients with DILI. However, the sample size was small and quality was low. Larger-samples of high-quality trials are needed.

Objective A systematic review of animal and human studies was conducted on genetically modified (GM) food consumption to assess its safety in terms of adverse effects/events to inform public concerns and future research. Methods Seven electronic databases were searched from January 1st 1983 till July 11th 2020 for in vivo, animal and human studies on the incidence of adverse effects/events of GM products consumption. Two authors independently identified eligible studies, assessed the study quality, and extracted data on the name of the periodical, author and affiliation, literature type, the theme of the study, publication year, funding, sample size, target population characteristics, type of the intervention/exposure, outcomes and outcome measures, and details of adverse effects/events. We used the Chi-square test to compare the adverse event reporting rates in articles funded by industry funding, government funding or unfunded articles. Results One crossover trial in humans and 203 animal studies from 179 articles met the inclusion criteria. The study quality was all assessed as being unclear or having a high risk of bias. Minor illnesses were reported in the human trial. Among the 204 studies, 59.46% of adverse events (22 of 37) were serious adverse events from 16 animal studies (7.84%). No significant differences were found in the adverse event reporting rates either between industry and government funding ( χ 2 = 2.286, P = 0.131), industry and non-industry funding ( χ 2 = 1.761, P = 0.185) or funded and non-funded articles ( χ 2 = 0.491, P = 0.483). We finally identified 21 GM food-related adverse events involving 7 GM events (NK603 × MON810 maize, GTS 40-3-2 soybean, NK603 maize, MON863 maize, MON810 maize, MON863 × MON810 × NK603 maize and GM Shanyou 63 rice), which had all been on regulatory approval in some countries/regions. Conclusion Serious adverse events of GM consumption include mortality, tumour or cancer, significant low fertility, decreased learning and reaction abilities, and some organ abnormalities. Further clinical trials and long-term cohort studies in human populations, especially on GM food-related adverse events and the corresponding GM events, are still warranted. It suggests the necessity of labelling GM food so that consumers can make their own choice.

目的:全面了解鸿茅药酒服用人群的基本特征、服用后的有效性和安全性,为安全规范指导鸿茅药酒的临床应用提供科学的依据.方法:采用横断面研究抽样调查设计,从鸿茅药酒公司信息数据库中随机抽取900人进行电话访问.应用EpiData3.1软件建立数据库和数据录入控制程序;对所提取的资料进行双份录入,逻辑检查及手工核查后,锁定数据库,导出到SPSS统计学软件,对性别、文化程度、职业、地区、服用鸿茅药酒的频次和时间、服用鸿茅药酒的自我判断疗效、安全性评价等进行汇总、分析.结果:本研究共调查900人,应答858人,应答率95.3％.排除鸿茅药酒服用量超过药品说明书的调查对象187人,有效问卷671份,有效率78.2％.鸿茅药酒的服用者以老年人居多,平均年龄64岁,多为男性,占58.9％,文化程度普遍较低,多为小学、初中文化水平,主要以从事农林牧渔的劳动者居多,其次是离退休人员,事业单位人员;分布地区以二、三线城市最多,其次是城镇、农村,而一线城市最少.70.4％ 的研究对象报告自己很少或不经常饮酒,4.3％ 的研究对象已戒酒.治疗疾病以风湿性关节炎、腰椎间盘突出、骨性关节炎为主,分别占57.2％、26.8％、23.0％,均属于中医"痹症".研究对象服用鸿茅药酒治疗各种疾病的自我判断疗效中位数均≥85分.绝大部分的研究对象认为服用鸿茅药酒是安全的,6.4％ 认为相对安全,没有研究对象认为服用鸿茅药酒不安全的.绝大部分的研究对象服用鸿茅药酒后没有不适症状,偶发皮疹瘙痒.结论:服用鸿茅药酒的研究对象有较为清楚的认知,以治疗疾病为目的,主要用于"风湿痹痛、筋骨疼痛";不良反应发生率低,较为安全,服用者自我判断疗效较好.

BACKGROUND:Acupuncture is commonly used for cancer-related conditions worldwide, and evidence is increasing year on year. There is a need to summarize the evidence of acupuncture for cancer-related conditions comprehensively and critically.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate and summarize the systematic reviews (SRs) that assess the effects and safety of acupuncture for cancer-related conditions, and to inform clinical practice and future studies.METHODS:A comprehensive search was conducted on Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Sinomed, and Wanfang from their inception to October 16, 2021. SRs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for cancer-related conditions were to be included. Two reviewers screened the eligible articles, and four reviewers in pair extracted data and assessed the methodological quality/risk of bias of all included reviews by AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS tools. The overlap of primary studies was measured by calculating corrected covered areas. Data from the included reviews were synthesized with a summary of meta-analysis or narrative description.RESULTS:Fifty-one SRs of RCTs on acupuncture for cancer-related conditions were included and synthesized. The methodological quality of SRs included 1 "high", 5 "low" and 45 "very low" by AMSTAR 2. Sixteen SRs assessed as low risk of bias (31.37%), and 35 SRs had high risk of bias (68.63%) by ROBIS. Acupuncture showed effective on systemic conditions in relation to different cancers, including cancer-related pain (17 SRs, 80 RCTs), fatigue (7 SRs, 18 RCTs), insomnia (4 SRs, 10 RCTs), quality of life (2 SRs, 15 RCTs); conditions in relation to chemo-radiotherapy, including nausea and vomiting (3 SRs, 36 RCTs) and bone marrow suppression (2 SRs, 21 RCTs); and conditions in relation to specific cancers, including breast cancer-related menopause (3 SRs, 6 RCTs), hot flashes (12 SRs, 13 RCTs), arthralgia (5 SRs, 10 RCTs), and nasopharyngeal cancer-related dysphagia (1 SRs, 7 RCTs). Acupuncture appeared to have benefit for patients with lymphoedema (3 SRs, 3 RCTs), gastrointestinal function (5 SRs, 27 RCTs), and xerostomia (4 SRs, 7 RCTs). Limited evidence showed inconsistent results on acupuncture for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (3 SRs, 6 RCTs), depression and anxiety (3 SRs, 9 RCTs). Acupuncture was regarded as a safe therapy for cancer patients as no severe adverse events related were reported.CONCLUSION:Evidence from SRs showed that acupuncture is beneficial to cancer survivors with cancer-related pain, fatigue, insomnia, improved quality of life, nausea and vomiting, bone marrow suppression, menopausal symptoms, arthralgia, and dysphagia, and may also be potential for lymphoedema, gastrointestinal function, and xerostomia. For neuropathy, depression and anxiety, acupuncture should be used as an option based on individual conditions. Acupuncture is relatively safe without serious adverse events. More well-designed clinical trials of acupuncture are recommended on cancer-related depression and anxiety, arthralgia, xerostomia, gastrointestinal dysfunction and dysphagia.

BACKGROUND:Compound glycyrrhizin injection (CGI) is a preparation with glycyrrhizin as the main active ingredient extracted from licorice. As clinical trials suggest that CGI is effective in improving liver function for acute icteric hepatitis in children (AIHC), this systematic review aimed to evaluate and verify its therapeutic effects and safety.METHODS:Six electronic databases were searched from their inception to 15 May 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing therapeutic effects and safety of CGI for AIHC were included. The risk of bias for each trial was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Primary outcomes were indexes related to liver function, including total bilirubin (TBiL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analyses. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the online GRADEpro tool.RESULTS:Six RCTs involving 608 children were included. The overall bias was assessed as having "high risk of bias" in all trials. All trials compared the combination of CGI and conventional western medicine (CWM) with CWM alone. Regarding the effects of CGI for AIHC, results showed that CGI plus CWM was superior to CWM alone in reducing the levels of TBiL (mean difference (MD) = -8.19 mmol/L, 95% CI -9.86 to -6.53), ALT (MD = -24.09 U/L, 95% CI -30.83 to -17.34) and AST (MD = -18.67 U/L, 95% CI -21.88 to -15.45). No trial reported adverse events. The certainty of the evidence for outcomes were all evaluated as low or very low.CONCLUSION:CGI may have adjuvant therapeutic effects on improving the liver function of children with AIHC. There is no evidence to determine the safety of CGI for AIHC. As current evidence is weak, further well-designed RCTs are required for verification of the therapeutic effects of CGI.

BACKGROUND:Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, is characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and mucopurulent bloody stool. In recent years, the incidence and prevalence of UC have been increasing consistently. Five-flavor Sophora falvescens enteric-coated capsule (FSEC), a licensed Chinese patent medicine, was specifically used to treat UC. This review was aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of FSEC for the treatment of UC.METHODS:Six electronic databases were searched from inception to March 2021. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing FSEC or FSEC plus conventional Western medicine with conventional Western medicine in participants with UC were included. Two authors screened all references, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data independently. Binary data were presented as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and metric data as mean difference (MD) with 95% CI. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed by GRADE.RESULTS:We included 15 RCTs (1194 participants, 763 in the FSEC group and 431 in the control group). The treatment duration ranged from 42 to 64 days. Twelve trials compared FSEC with conventional Western medicine, and two trials compared FSEC plus conventional medicine with conventional medicine. Another trial compared FSEC plus mesalazine with compound glutamine enteric capsules plus mesalazine. FSEC showed a higher clinical effective rate (improved clinical symptoms, colonoscopy results, and stools) (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.20; 729 participants; 8 trials; low-quality evidence) as well as the effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20; 452 participants; 5 trials; low-quality evidence) compared to mesalazine. There was no significant difference in the adverse events between FSEC and control groups.CONCLUSIONS:FSEC may show effectiveness in UC treatment compared to conventional medicine, and the use of FSEC may not increase the risk of adverse events. Due to the limited number of clinical trials and low methodological quality of the included trials, our findings must be interpreted with discretion.

目的 研制中医药个体预后与诊断预测模型研究报告规范(TRIPOD-TCM),为中医药临床预测模型研究者提供报告规范和建议.方法 对个体预后与诊断预测模型研究报告规范(TRIPOD)中的条目逐一解读,结合中医药研究特点,初步提出TRIPOD-TCM基本框架和相关条目;采用德尔菲法对专家进行两轮调研,每轮调研后,对专家意见进行整合并修订TRIPOD-TCM,形成最终TRIPOD-TCM清单.结果 对TRIPOD清单中14项条目应用于中医药领域时进行修订(包括条目1、2、3a、3b、4b、5b、5c、6a、10a、13b、13c、18、19b、20),对17项条目进行语言和举例的表述修订,6项条目维持原状.最终TRIPOD-TCM清单共包含6个方面22项条目的37项子条目.结论 初步研制的TRIPOD-TCM可用于支持研究者撰写出详细透明的中医药个体预后与诊断预测模型报告,提高中医药个体诊断与预后预测模型研究的报告规范.

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese patent medicine for mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis (UC) using network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods. We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, Sino-Med, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) databases to October, 2020. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Chinese patent medicine for mild-to-moderate active UC. The main analysis was complemented by network subanalyses and standard pairwise comparisons. Statistical heterogeneity, inconsistencies, and ranking probability were also evaluated. Results. The databases search identified 3222 citations, of which 33 RCTs involving 2971 patients met the inclusion criteria. A total of 15 Chinese patent medicines were analyzed. The overall quality of the included studies was low. Pairwise meta-analysis showed that Chinese patent medicine was superior to Mesalazine in improving disappearances of clinical symptoms, recurrence rate, and Mayo score. Based on decreases in adverse events, results from NMA showed that Xilei powder plus Mesalazine was more effective than other drugs. Other NMA results indicated that Danshen freeze-dried powder plus Mesalazine (RR: 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02–0.78) and Kangfuxin lotion plus Mesalazine (RR: 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07–0.57) were superior to Mesalazine in decreasing recurrence rate. Another NMA result indicated that Kangfuxin lotion plus Mesalazine (RR: 0.00; 95% CI, 0.00–0.02) and Zhi Kang capsule plus Mesalazine (RR: 0.00; 95% CI, 0.00–0.02) were superior to Mesalazine in increasing the disappearance of tenesmus. Conclusion. In the probability sorting, Xilei powder combined with Mesalazine ranked first for having the fewest adverse events, Maintaining Intestines Antidiarrheal Pills combined with Mesalazine ranked first for having the lowest recurrence rate, Xilei powder combined with Mesalazine ranked first for improving disappearance rate of mucopurulent bloody stool/abdominal pain, and Kangfuxin lotion combined with Mesalazine ranked first for improving the disappearance rate of diarrhea/tenesmus. However, there is a lack of direct comparisons among Chinese patent medicines for UC. More multiarm RCTs are needed in the future to provide direct comparative evidence.

目的 运用病例对照研究探讨中医药治疗与糖尿病视网膜病变发生的相关性,为该病的防治提供依据.方法 应用病例对照研究设计,在北京4家医院收集研究对象,以2型糖尿病合并视网膜病变的患者为病例组,以2型糖尿病不合并视网膜病变的患者为对照组,病例与对照以1:4的比例按照年龄、性别匹配研究对象.自行设计调查问卷,采用一对一调查的方式收集资料,应用Epi-Data 3.1软件录入数据,采用条件logistic回归的方法,应用SPSS 22.0软件分析中医药(治疗糖尿病或相关并发症为目的)与糖尿病视网膜病变患病的相关性.结果 病例组共纳入72例2型糖尿病合并视网膜病变的患者,对照组纳入236例2型糖尿病患者.病例组男性36人、女性36人,平均年龄(62.3±10.0)岁,病程[13(6,19)]年;对照组男性112人、女性124人,平均年龄(61.5±9.6)岁,病程[10(5,15)]年.单因素条件logistic回归分析显示病例组与对照组既往接受中医药治疗比例分别为52.8％和33.5％,差异有统计学意义(OR=2.505,95％CI:1.412-4.443).调整病程后,多因素条件logistic回归分析显示病例组与对照组既往接受中医药治疗比例差异有统计学意义(OR=2.296,95％CI:1.269-4.156).结论 中医药治疗与2型糖尿病患者是否合并视网膜病变具有相关性,有糖尿病视网膜病变的患者接受过中医药治疗的比例高且中医药治疗的平均时间较长,但鉴于病例对照研究的局限性,尚需要进一步前瞻性的研究设计结果加以证实.

Objective: Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are efficacious against ulcerative colitis (UC). In recent years, the number of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of TCM has increased. Thus, it is very important to summarize the basic characteristics, quality, and types of TCM interventions in published RCTs. This scoping review was performed to systematically identify and describe the current situations about RCTs of TCMs for treating UC. Hope to express the focus and specifics of nowadays research in TCM interventions in RCTs and evaluate their common disadvantages exposed to help advance in TCM researching. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. We searched two English databases and four Chinese databases from the date of establishment of each database to January 2020. Data from RCTs focusing on any TCM treatment for patients with UC were extracted and evaluated. Selection and characterization were performed by two independent reviewers using predefined forms. All discrepancies were resolved by consensus discussion with a third reviewer. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to extract the following data from the included studies: (1) basic information of the included studies including research ID, article title, publication language, journal, year of publication, and funding information; (2) patient information including gender, age, disease course, disease stage, severity, sample size; and (3) information on intervention measures, types of intervention measures, drug dosage forms, and treatment courses. Results: The search identified 2225 RCTs published between 1987 and 2020. These studies covered 36 provinces in China. The time frame of the RCTs was <28 days in approximately one-third of the RCTs (647, 29.08%). Only one RCT was published in English. Nearly three-quarters of RCTs (1665, 74.83%) did not report the severity of the disease. Three types of interventions were included in the RCTs: pharmacotherapy (2028, 91.15%), nonpharmacotherapy (57, 2.56%), and a combination of the two (140, 6.29%). The administration modes of the intervention groups were evaluated. Drug therapy involved 12 types of TCM dosage forms, which were decoctions, troches, powders, capsules, granules, pills, suppositories, ointments, injections, gels, oral liquids, and substitute tea according to the frequency of use. Nondrug intervention measures involved 10 treatment options, namely, acupuncture, moxibustion, hemospasia, auricular point, acupoint catgut embedding, acupoint injection, scrapping, tuina, acupoint application, and five-tone therapy according to the frequency of use. Most studies included in this review were low in quality. This underscores the need for improvement in the quality of trial methodology in TCM RCTs.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Jiuwei-Zhuhuang San plus amoxilcillin sodium and sulbactam sodium in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in children. Methods:A total of 120 patients with bacterial pneumonia in children from 1 year to 14 years old were randomly divided into the study group ( n=90) and the control group ( n=30) with ratio 3 to 1, the random sequence created by SAS software. Both groups were treated with amoxilcillin sodium for basic treatment, the observation group was treated with Jiuwei-Zhuhuang San. Both groups were treated for 1 week and followed up for 1 week. The cough frequency, clinical effective rate, symptoms and signs score, Traditonal Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern scores and adverse event rate were observed. Results:Eighteen cases were dropped and eliminated in the observation group, and 4 cases were dropped and eliminated in the control group, so 72 of observation group and 26 of control group were analyzed. After treatment, the clinical effective rate of the observation group was 27.8% (20/72), and the control group was 0% (0/26), where the difference was significant ( χ2=7.445, P=0.006). The difference of TCM syndrome score before and after treatment in the observation group (-16.8 ± 8.2 vs. -11.0 ± 5.8, t=-3.858) was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between the two groups ( Z=-2.347, P= 0.019) in the TCM syndrome. The cough frequency of the observation group was 41.7% (30/72), and the control group was 26.9% (7/26). There wasn’t any significant differences in the cough frequency between two groups ( P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in symptoms and signs score or adverse event rate between two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:On the basis of amoxicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium, combined use of Jiuwei-Zhuhuang San can improve the clinical effectiveness of children with bacterial pneumonia.

目的 系统梳理中药制剂治疗溃疡性结肠炎(UC)随机对照试验(RCT)的方法学和临床特征,为深入进行荟萃分析以及为临床试验核心指标集的构建提供参考.方法 计算机检索中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Cochrane Library从建库至2020年6月6日收录的中药治疗UC的RCT,进行资料提取,分析其方法学质量和临床特征.结果 共检索到中药制剂治疗UC的文献11527篇,最终纳入406篇,包括35485例受试者.单中心临床试验占比最高(332/406,81.8％),35.5％ (144/406)的试验报告了详细的随机方法,4.9％ (20/406)的试验实施了盲法.干预措施共261种,包含中成药21种,有3种方药的RCT研究超过10项.汤剂是最常见的中药剂型,给药途径多见口服、灌肠或二者结合,82.0％(214/261)的干预措施仅有1项随机对照试验.临床综合疗效是受关注最多的结局指标.结论 中药制剂治疗UC的RCT研究大多数干预方案RCT证据不足,同时需要关注对于缓解期患者的药物干预及卫生经济学、生命质量、安全性指标等结局指标的报道.

目的 分析并总结古代中医典籍外用美发方剂用药规律.方法 采用中华医典数据库对外用生发、乌发、去屑止痒方剂进行收集整理,应用古今医案云平台进行药物频次、性味归经、关联规则以及复杂网络分析.结果 共纳入221条外用美发方剂.外用生发方剂主要采用祛风解表、活血行气、凉血三类中药,以辛、温、肝胃脾肺经用药居多;外用乌发方剂主要由具有染发作用的天然植物和天然矿物组成;外用去屑止痒方剂主要采用祛风解表类中药,以辛、温、肺经用药居多.结论 通过数据挖掘初步探索了古代中医典籍外用美发方剂用药规律特点,对头皮毛发疾病的临床治疗具有一定的参考价值.

Background Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been a proposed treatment option for ulcerative colitis (UC), however it has been difficult to understand the breadth and depth of evidence as various Chinese medicine therapies may produce effects differently. The aim of this evidence mapping is to visually understand the available evidence in the use of TCM in the treatment of UC, and to identify gaps in evidence to inform priorities of future research. Methods A systematic electronic literature search of six databases were performed to identify systematic reviews (SRs) on different Chinese medicine therapies in the treatment in UC. Methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using AMSTAR 2. Results The mapping was based on 73 SRs, which included nine interventions that met eligibility criteria. The quality of the included SRs was very low. The diseases stages of patients with UC varied greatly, from active to remission, to non-acute outbreak, to not reported. The results mostly favored the method of intervention. Oral administration combined with enema was the most widely used route of administration in secondary research. Conclusion Based on the current evidence, the treatment of UC with TCM can only be recommended cautiously. A majority of included SRs did not report the location of the disease, the disease classification, and the route of administration of the intervention. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of Chinese medicine alone in the treatment of UC. The effectiveness of combined Chinese and conventional medicine combined with different routes of administration cannot be confirmed. Attention should be paid to the methodological quality of the systematic review. Unifies the outcome indicators used in the evaluation of effectiveness.

目的 介绍国内外药物警戒体系和国内外癌症治疗领域药物警戒的研究进展.方法 检索中国知网和PubMed建库至2021年5月31日对癌症治疗领域的药物警戒研究,进行文献综述,多角度分析其复杂因素,并归纳具目前面临的机遇和挑战.结果 当前在癌症治疗中的药物警戒研究需求增加,可以利用信息技术挖掘药物与事件的潜在联系,鼓励患者参与不良反应报告,丰富信息维度,药物警戒研究将促进癌症个性化治疗方案的应用.结论 现代药物警戒研究在癌症治疗领域将朝着风险预测和药品不良反应个性化管理方向发展,建立更完善的药物警戒体系有利于更好地把控患者的用药安全问题.

目的 调查带状疱疹患者中医药治疗应用现况,探索患者选择中医药的意愿及相关因素.方法 2017年10月-2018年8月在北京中医药大学东方医院、北京中医药大学第三附属医院皮肤科门诊及病房就诊的带状疱疹患者,采用横断面调查方便抽样方法采集患者用药史、就诊意向等信息,用Logistic回归分析患者选择中医药治疗体验相关因素.结果 共纳入患者128例,其中82例(64.1％)首诊于中医医院,104例口服过中药,99例曾使用中药外用药,70例应用过中医非药物疗法(体针58例、拔罐30例、电针23例、火针2例).后遗症期、复发、女性、年龄≥65岁患者口服中药意愿更高(P＜0.01).结论 中医院就诊带状疱疹患者选择口服中药意愿较非药物疗法强烈,且对医疗服务满意度评价较高.患者选择口服中药意愿与后遗症期患者、曾患病(带状疱疹)、性别、年龄因素相关.

目的 评价针刺治疗溃疡性结肠炎随机对照试验的方法学质量、报告质量及干预措施报告质量.方法 系统检索中国知网、中国科技期刊数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆从建库至2019年4月1日收录的针刺治疗溃疡性结肠炎的随机对照试验.参照CONSORT拓展声明和STRICTA清单进行资料提取.基于Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评估工具、CONSORT拓展声明评价纳入研究的方法学质量及报告质量,基于STRICTA清单评价干预措施报告质量.结果 共纳入12篇文献,7篇为针刺对照西药治疗,5篇为针刺联合西药对照西药治疗.其中有2项研究(16.67％)报告了随机序列生成方法,1项研究(8.33％)报告了分配隐藏,8项研究(66.67％)其他偏倚风险为高风险.1项研究(8.33％)对试验设计进行了详尽描述,1项研究(8.33％)按照CONSORT中要求报告了基线资料.对干预措施的描述中,所有纳入研究均没有对针刺方法选择的原因和治疗师的背景进行描述.结论 纳入的针刺治疗溃疡性结肠炎随机对照试验方法学质量、报告及干预措施报告质量均较低.建议今后的研究应提高研究设计水平,遵循CONSORT声明和STRICTA清单中条目进行方案设计和研究结果的报告.

Objective:To analyze the regularities of Li Dongyuan's prescriptions in "Nei Wai Shang Bian Huo Lun" and "Theory of Spleen and Stomach",and summarize his medication regularities and academic thoughts.Methods:A total of 91 prescriptions were collected,and the names of the Chinese medicine in the prescriptions were standardized.To establish a medicine table and the data were analyzed by ACCESS,SPSS and EXCEL.Results:The usage frequency of 122 kinds of Chinese medicine were found as well as the regularity of their property and taste,and combinations.Conclusion:Li Dongyuan attached great importance to the spleen and stomach,and he used medicine to nourish the spleen and stomach,lifting yang-qi and reducing yin-fire.This study provides data support for further research.