为提高烟叶品质寻求一条解决途径,以"云南 87"为材料,通过田间喷施试验(山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠、甘氨酸和糖醇螯合钾)研究喷施小分子有机物及配施水溶性钾肥对烤烟生长及品质的影响.结果表明,与CK处理相比,SOM1、SOM2、SOM3、SOM4 和SOM5 处理均增大了烤后烟上部烟叶外观质量评价得分,增幅分别达7.63%、2.66%、4.57%、9.53%和 4.57%;且SOM1、SOM2、SOM3、SOM4 和SOM5 处理提高了烤后烟上部烟叶上等烟率,增幅分别达 16.57%、68.71%、26.99%、26.39%和 43.09%;另外,喷施小分子有机物改善了烟叶内在化学成分协调性,主要体现在提高了烟叶总糖、钾、糖碱比和钾氯比等常规化学成分指标.因此,在烤烟生产上选择喷施小分子有机物可作为一种提高上部烟叶品质的途径.

研发和推广应用清洁能源和新能源是烤烟烘烤能源发展的必然趋势.针对国内外烤烟烘烤能源研究和利用现状,分析了烘烤能源主要类型的组成及其时代变化,指出了当前烤烟烘烤新能源存在的主要问题,提出了一些参考性建议,并展望了其未来的发展趋势.随着科学技术的不断发展、新能源烤房建造成本的不断降低、乡村配套设施的不断健全,清洁新能源的广泛应用将为现代烟草农业可持续绿色发展奠定坚实的基础.其中,电能和太阳能在烤烟烘烤中的广泛应用将是一种重要趋势.

为探明上部一次性砍烤对其产质量的影响,本研究分别对烤烟进行了常规采烤和上部4～6片一次性砍烤,并对烘烤的用工、用煤、外观质量、化学成分、评吸质量和经济性状等进行对比分析.试验结果表明,上部烟叶4～6片一次性砍烤,烤后烟叶外观质量和评吸质量均有所提高,砍烤烟叶的总碱、总糖、还原糖、钾、氯、糖碱比和两糖含量较常规采烤均有所增加,烟叶成熟度高、油分多、色度强和身份中等至稍厚,工业可用性增强,上等烟比例达到57.32％,收购均价增加了 0.87元/kg.但是,上部烟叶4～6片一次性砍烤烘烤用时延长,变黄较慢,烤后烟叶单叶重减轻,用煤量和用工量均增加,导致烘烤成本增加,干烟叶烘烤成本比常规采烤高0.46元/kg.

为探索不同成熟采收次数与烟叶产质量的关系,设置3次、4次和5次采收3个处理试验,对其生育期、经济性状和内在化学成分数据进行分析.结果表明:以4次采收产值最高,为57938.7元/hm2;随着采收次数的增加,产值呈现出先增后降的趋势;4次采收的杂色烟比例也较低,为6.1％,烤后烟叶内在化学成分以4次采收的处理最为协调.

为了丰富大理烟区的烟叶品种,通过开展K326和云烟117的品种比较试验,在生育期、农艺性状、植物学性状、经济性状和外观质量上进行了比较分析.结果表明,云烟117在云南大理烟区表现为典型的早熟品种,原烟外观质量和经济性状都较好,化学成分适宜,适合在大理烟区种植.

为提高皖南烟区C2F等级质量,对本部位正组率偏低、等级合格率不高的问题进行了分析,并采取了针对性的解决措施.结果表明,2019年度较2018年度本部位正组率提升7个百分点,混部位和含青、挂灰烟叶明显减轻,混上部叶和下部叶比例下降3个百分点.

为稳定保持湖南永州烤烟浓香型风格,进行了烤烟浓香型特色品种的适宜性研究,对云烟97、K326、云烟87、湘烟3号、云烟99等5个品种进行了大田比较试验,分析其各项产质指标.结果表明,植物学性状上,云烟87品种栽后50d的生长势强,云烟系列3个品种不挂灰;经济性状上,云烟87的产量、产值、均价和上中等比例为最高,分别达到3456.0kg/hm2、70243.2元/hm2、20.33元/kg、89.8％.

为解决冬春烟烟叶品质中存在低钾、低硼的问题,以红花大金元为试验材料,研究了不同叶面施肥处理对冬春烟生长的影响.结果表明:叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾处理的烟叶农艺性状表现最好,提高了光合作用效率,增加了叶片干物质的积累,综合表现最优.

近年来,烟草上部烟叶一次性采收越来越受到行业各界的关注.该文从烤烟一次性采收的采收方式、成熟度、烘烤工艺3个方面综述了国内烟草上部烟叶一次性采收的研究现状,并对未来趋势进行了展望.

为提高烤烟C2F收购等级合格率与本部位正组率,抽检统计主要的问题,从分级、预检、收购、管理等方面分析问题症结,从培训、人力、流程、追溯、目标等方向探讨并实施收购质量提高的途径.结果表明,对策实施后烤烟C2F的等级合格率与本部位正组率得到明显提升,波动有所降低.

该文以中国烟草专卖局相关数据和理论为基础,介绍了烤烟专业化分级散叶收购模式,总结了以我国烤烟专业化分级散叶收购的主要成效,并提出了相应的改进策略,以利于烤烟专业化分级散叶收购模式的推广.

[目的]研究壳寡糖有机水溶肥对烤烟云烟97生长发育和产质量的影响.[方法]采用田间试验,在减少30％复合肥施用量的条件下,对烤烟喷施不同质量浓度壳寡糖有机水溶肥,研究壳寡糖有机水溶肥对烤烟云烟97生长发育和产质量的影响.[结果]喷施壳寡糖有机水溶肥可缩短云烟97生育期,增加茎围、叶片数、叶面积和地上部、地下部干物质积累量,提高烟叶产量、产值和上等烟比例,利于感官质量的提升.[结论]云烟97的生育期和产质量随着壳寡糖有机水溶肥喷施浓度的增加而向好,其中400倍质量浓度的处理效果最好.

The effects of different fan frequency on polyphenol,plamochromic pigment,organic acids and smoking quality of C3F of K326 after curing in a bulk curing barn with four layers were analyzed to provide the theoretical basis for curing technological optimization of the bulk curing barn with four layers.Results:Reducing circulating fan frequency can increase polyphenol,plamochromic pigment and organic acids content in cured flue-cured tobacco leaves and improve the smoking quality compared with conventional fan frequency.Lower fan frequency is not good for accumulation of polyphenol and volatile organic acids in flue-cured tobacco leaves at yellowing and early fixation stage during the curing process.The converter fan frequency of the bulk curing barn with four layers at yellowing stage,fixation stage and stem drying stage is 35Hz-35Hz-40Hz,50Hz-35Hz-25Hz and 25Hz respectively.The cured flue-cured tobacco leaves under the above-mentioned converter fan frequency of the bulk curing barn with four layers have good aroma quality,sufficient aroma amount,little irrigation,moderate strength and appropriate aftertaste.

Using tobacco variety of K326 as the test material,the effects of different topping stage and effective remained leaves on the agronomic characters,economic characters and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied,under the ecological conditions in Luxi County,to enhance yield and quality of fluecured tobacco.Results:When the effective remained leaves was the same,as the topping stage delayed,plant height and stem girth increased,length and width of maximum leaf decreased,yield and output value rose first and fell later,sugar content,scores of chemical composition harmony,index and scores of sensory taste increased first and decreased afterwards.When the topping stage was the same,with the increase of the effective remained leaves,plant height increased,stem girth,maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width decreased,yield increased,but output value decreased slightly,the sugar content rose,total nitrogen,nicotine and K+ fell,chemical composition harmony and sensory taste scores did not change significantly.In a word,when topping at early flowering stage and remaining 18 leaves,the comprehensive effects of K326 was the best,upper grade proportion of tobacco,average price and output value was the highest,tobacco chemical composition was comparatively harmonious and sensory taste scores were better.