[研究目的]基于安全化理论视角,科学分析中美战略竞争加剧背景下美国对中国互联网企业TikTok的打压策略,为应对美国在科技领域对我国的遏压提供基本参考.[研究方法]以特朗普政府对TikTok软件封禁的历史过程作为研究案例,从存在性威胁、言语行为、主体间性建构以及安全化实践结果四个角度,对相关政府文件、官员发言等开源情报进行系统梳理和深入考察,分析美国在此过程中运用的安全化策略手段及其结果,并据此提出我国相应的启示和对策.[研究结论]该案例启示我们,应认清美国未来或将继续利用安全化策略进行博弈的基本趋势,进一步完善安全化与去安全化理论内涵,通过加强行政体系建设、强化企业合规意识型塑、完善企业出口管制制度等手段,破解安全主体实施安全化的企图,维护自身的正当权益.

The traditional paradigms proposed by American or Chinese IR scholars cannot explain the true interactions between Imperial China and its neighboring countries, in particular Korea and Japan. Both Western-centrism and Sinocentrism should be abandoned when analyzing ancient China s foreign relations if we want to establish implications for understanding contemporary Sino-Korea relations. The Long Peace indeed existed in early modern East Asia for nearly 500 years, but we cannot find any causal mechanism verifying that it was based on Confucian culture. The theory of realism can be supported by process-tracing the history based on Chinese-language literature. Confucian culture was simply an effective instrument of Imperial China s foreign relations which could institutionalize the hierarchical system already established by Chinese power. However, it did not always effectively reduce or avoid war and could hardly be internalized into the Sinic state s recognition of China-centrism but rather weakened the China-centered hierarchical system.

This paper analyses the definition and connotation of Industry 4.0 and proposes that intelligent manufacturing and innovative service are the two core elements of the Industry 4.0. The paper also discusses standardization, integrated information system, training and education, artificial intelligence applications, and the infrastructure issues for the development of Industry 4.0.

技术是人在社会实践活动中所形成的本质力量的对象化体现.技术的力量存在于实践之中,具有社会性与历史性的特征.在技术与资本互动建构的“市民社会”中,技术展现为感性存在的支配与控制力量——社会权力.这种“社会权力”具化为自然技术中的经济权力、社会技术中的政治权力与身体规制技术中的生命权力.三者相互联系、相互建构,共同存在于资本主义生产实践之中.其中,自然技术中的经济权力主导着社会技术中的政治权力与身体规制技术中的生命权力.新时代中国特色社会主义的技术发展需要从经济权力、政治权力和生命权力三个维度对技术权力进行规制,从而展现新型现代性技术文明.

新冠疫情期间,人工智能在辅助医疗诊治、赋能社会治理、助力复工复产等方面发挥重要作用,为维护公共卫生安全提供了科技支撑.一方面,人工智能助力新冠疫情防控,显著提升了抗疫效率,减少了人力成本,并降低了人员感染风险;另一方面,疫情防控的需求牵引也加速了人工智能的发展和落地.但是,人工智能在此次抗击疫情过程中也面临着预警失位、发挥作用有限等问题.为了更好维护公共卫生安全,未来需要大力推动重要医疗数据开放共享,建立基于人工智能的公共卫生监测预警体系,并注重把握维护公共卫生安全与保护公民隐私之间的平衡.

独立之初的俄罗斯继承了苏联庞大的国防科技工业遗产,一度面临常规机械化武器工业规模过大、生产过剩,信息化技术特别是国防高新科技研发能力不足的局面.为了加强国防科技工业信息化建设、增强国家应对更严峻的安全威胁和挑战,俄对国防科技工业结构几番调改,采取了出台法律、法规、规划、纲要及超前研发以增强信息化军事技术储备、多措并举储备国防工业信息化人才和积极拓宽对外军事技术合作等一系列强有力的改革举措,取得成效.俄在叙军事行动中检验了信息化作战力量运用,加速了俄武装力量信息化新式武器更新换代进程,形成了基于信息化武器装备的俄式军事作战理论.近年来在国际军品贸易市场上成绩斐然.

本文从颠覆性技术的定义出发,分析了颠覆性技术的内涵,探讨了颠覆性技术“创新性”“非恒定性”“随机性”“不可阻挡性”等主要特征,并从“市场需求”“人才运用”“企业成长”“政府支撑”等要素着手,对颠覆性技术的发展提出对策思考.

The concept of disruptive technology can be analyzed from three perspectives: ontology, epistemology, methodology. In terms of ontology, this concept is composed of three parts, 'technology A', the subject, 'technology B', the object, and the comparative conclusion 'disruptive'. In the same subjective and objective context, when technology A is compared to technology B, its function reaches a maximum value, so that the function of technology B is equivalent to 0, it can be determined that technology A is disruptive. The dimensions of this comparison can be time or space. In terms of epistemology, judging whether a technique is disruptive can follow the principles below: maxima and minima of time, maxima and minima of space, and maxima and minima of material properties. In terms of methodology, it is necessary to correctly identify disruptive technology and support it, correctly handle the relationship between sustaining technology and disruptive technology, as well as incremental innovation and disruptive innovation, to prevent technical disparity and technical dead ends.

本工作报道了血管内照射(650nm,5mW,cw)对家兔尾核、下丘脑DA和NE的影响,发现DA在尾核和下丘脑中均有下降现象,但均P＞0.05.在大鼠光照"扶突"穴中亦发现DA在脑干和尾核中,亦有下降倾向,NE有脑干和尾核中则有上升倾向.5-HT则均下降,但亦均未达显著性差异,(P＞0.05).另发现在人体血管内照射时,血液中NO.含量随照射次数增加而递减倾向.这些变化作者认为与光照的光化学反应引发的神经体液性调控有关.在本工作中还发现光照后神经未梢中的线粒体有肿胀现象.

为探讨低强度激光产生生物效应的机制,采用半导体激光器(波长650 nm,功率10mW,连续可调),对雄性SD大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠进行颈部"扶突"穴穴位照射,用高效液相色谱电化学检测方法测脑干和尾核中五羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺等单胺类神经递质含量,用TBA荧光法测定血浆中丙二醛(MDA),同时用氢清除法组织血流仪监测大鼠海马区的脑血流量.结果提示,光照后,海马脑血流量下降,脑干和尾核中单胺类神经递质含量明显下降,而血浆中MDA含量略有上升.揭示激光照射"扶突"穴会引起单胺类神经递质下降.