为评估草果种植对森林结构及戴帽叶猴种群分布格局的影响,结合社区访问和实地调查,对独龙江乡的草果种植面积、戴帽叶猴种群分布现状、生境中草果种植情况和森林结构进行了系统的调查.结果显示:草果种植面积仍呈现快速上升趋势;现阶段戴帽叶猴种群分布呈零星小群分布,分布点增加到45个,且单一种群平均个体数下降5只;草果种植区与非种植区森林结构具有显著的差异,乔木的高度增加,乔木冠层之间的连接距离增大,冠层投影面积显著减少.由此可见,现阶段独龙江草果种植面积的快速扩张,已对森林结构和戴帽叶猴的分布产生了影响.

跨界保护对行政边界区丰富的生物多样性保护具有重要意义,也正成为保护网络规划和研究的热点.近年国外跨界保护研究日趋成熟,中国也稍有起色,但是不同跨界保护类型的概念一直被混淆,而且国家内部行政区间的跨区保护合作研究常被忽视.界定了不同跨界合作保护类型的概念,并利用文献计量法分析了以资源和环境为主题的中国跨界相关研究的发展趋势,然后统计分析中国省级以上跨区保护区和相邻区界保护区数量.结果表明中国跨区保护合作及其相关研究缺乏,但中国跨区保护区和相邻区界保护区普遍,跨区合作保护需求较大.为响应中国建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系提出未来跨区保护研究和合作建议,致力于满足中国生态文明建设和可持续发展战略的需求.

为了解珍稀濒危灵长类对植物群落结构的影响,对黑白仰鼻猴现存分布区(龙马山)和灭绝分布区(天子山)的植物群落结构进行比较分析.于2014年1月1日至15日在龙马山和天子山黑白仰鼻猴生境内采用样方法收集植被数据.结果显示:(1)龙马山铁杉树高小于天子山的(t=2.60,df=236,P=0.01),而冠幅却大于天子山的(t=10.49,df=236,P<0.001);龙马山华山松冠幅大于天子山的(t=7.46,df=190,P<0.001);龙马山其他乔木树高和胸径都小于天子山的(t=7.19,df=527,P<0.001;t=4.11,df=527,P<0.001);(2)龙马山的灌木高度、盖度以及草本层高度低于天子山的(Z=4.78,P<0.001;Z=6.24,P<0.001;Z=3.71,P<0.001);(3)植物多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势种重要值差异均无统计学意义.结果表明黑白仰鼻猴的存在对森林结构中的乔木、灌木及草本都有一定的影响,而对植物多样性作用不明显,改变森林生态系统演替的进程.

Information on primates′species, distribution and the amount and living conditions of each species was collected by the method of non-structure community interviews in the Wenshan National Nature Reserve from August to October, 2012. There were 3 groups of about 30 Stump-tailed macaques ( Macaca arctoids) in total, 2 groups of about 30 Rhesus macaques ( M. muluta) in total and 1 group of about 20 Assam macaques ( M. assamensis) at Laojun Mountain area, and some Stump-tailed macaques and Rhesus macaques were occasionally reported at the Xiaoqiaogou area. During the past 50 years, the distribution of primates, and the number of groups and the amount of individuals in each species had sharply decreased. Moreover, 5 groups of Stump-tailed macaques including about 20-60 individuals per group, 179-290 individuals in total, and 1 group of about 40 Rhesus macaques were repor-ted at the area of Dongfengchao outside the Wenshan Nature Reserve. The findings provided a reference for the pro-tection of primates in Wenshan National Nature Reserve.

Objective To compare how effective cornmeal agar incorporating caffeic acid(CACA)and black rice agar are at isolating Cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon droppings. Methods Sterile bamboo sticks were used to randomly collect pigeon droppings from a pigeonry.A suspension was created from 0.6g of pigeon droppings and 10ml of sterile normal saline,and plates were then separately furnished with 100μl of CACA and black rice agar.The shape and color of colonies were observed and mycelial morphology was examined using an optical microscope.The URA gene was amplified using the specific primers CN4 and CN5.The number of positive strains was counted in the 2 culture media. ResultsC.neoformans colonies in the black rice agar were tan in color and moist,like glue.Twenty three strains of C.neoformans were isolated at a rate of 32.86%.C.neoformans colonies in CACA were smaller in size than the colonies on the black rice agar.The colonies on CACA were brown and dry.Eleven strains of C.neoformans were isolated from the medium at a rate of 15.71%.C.neoformans was isolated from black rice agar at a significantly(P0.05)higher rate than from CACA.Fewer plates with CACA were covered with filamentous fungal growth and plates with CACA had less contamination.India ink staining revealed round or oval cells and a thick capsule when C.neoformans was observed under an optical microscope,and PCR amplification yielded products in target bands. Conclusion Black rice agar was better as a selective medium than CACA.