AimsThis study aimed to develop a non-invasive method combining urinary metabolomics and proteomics to identify biomarkers for gastric cancer and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with its progression.MethodsUrine samples from 30 advanced gastric cancer (AGC), 30 early gastric cancer (EGC), and 30 healthy controls (CG) were collected at two centers. Differential metabolites were identified using the UHPLC-MS instrument (VIP>1, FDR<0.05, |log2FC|≥1), and proteins were quantified using the TMT-based proteomics approach (VIP>1, FDR<0.05, |log2FC| ≥ 1.2). Key metabolites were selected via Random Forest and Boruta algorithms, and proteomic findings were validated using TCGA data. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to explore enriched pathways.ResultsA total of 350 differential metabolites were identified in AGC vs. CG, and 285 in EGC vs. CG, primarily involving amino acid, bile acid, and energy metabolism. Core metabolites such as butyrate, indolelactic acid, D-ribose-5-phosphate, and serine were included in diagnostic models. Proteomic analysis identified 376 differentially abundant proteins in AGC and 191 in EGC, enriched in immune response, cell adhesion, and protein hydrolysis. Key proteins in AGC included TNFRSF12A, ITGB3, HSPA8, and FTL, with significant upregulation or downregulation observed for each. For example, TNFRSF12A was upregulated (p < 0.05), while HSPA8 was downregulated (p < 0.05), and these proteins were linked to pathways such as cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), ECM–receptor interaction, and platelet activation. In EGC, proteins like ITGB3 and FTL were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05), with involvement in pathways such as HIF-1 signaling, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and antigen processing/presentation. Integrated analysis revealed 43 significantly enriched KEGG pathways in AGC and 30 in EGC, with notable pathways in amino acid metabolism, the TCA cycle, PI3K-Akt signaling, and immune response pathways. These findings highlight the involvement of cell adhesion, immune response, and metabolic signaling in the pathobiology of gastric cancer.ConclusionThe combination of urinary metabolomics and proteomics enables non-invasive detection of gastric cancer, revealing key biomarkers and pathways with potential clinical diagnostic significance. Further investigation is needed to confirm the diagnostic value of these findings in clinical practice.

Background:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a poor prognosis, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. Better differentiation of patients at high risk of recurrence or metastasis could guide clinical treatment. The close relationship between pyroptosis and ESCC has been recently reported. Herein, we aimed to identify genes associated with pyroptosis in ESCC and construct a prognostic risk model.Methods:RNA-seq data of ESCC was obtained from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to calculate the pyroptosis-related pathway score (Pys). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and univariate Cox regression were used to screen for pyroptotic genes associated with prognosis, and Lasso regression was used to establish a risk score. Finally, the T test was used to compare the relationship between the model and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. Furthermore, we compared the difference of immune infiltrating cells and immune checkpoints between the low- and high-risk groups.Results:Using WGCNA, 283 genes were significantly associated with N staging and Pys. Among them, univariate Cox analysis suggested that 83 genes were associated with prognosis of ESCC patients. After that, AADAC, GSTA1, and KCNS3 were identified as prognostic signatures separating high- and low-risk groups. Patients in the high- and low-risk groups had significantly different distributions of T (P=0.018) and N staging (P<0.05). Moreover, the 2 groups had remarkably different immune infiltrating cell scores and immune checkpoint expressions.Conclusions:Our study identified 3 prognosis pyroptosis-related genes in the ESCC and successfully build a prognostic model. AADAC, GSTA1, and KCNS3 may serve as promising therapeutic targets in ESCC.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly malignant cancer with poor prognosis, for which effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The dual-specificity phosphatase PTPMT1 is localized in mitochondria and highly expressed in various cancers. Here, we investigated the function of PTPMT1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We inhibited its expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines using siRNAs or the specific PTPMT1 inhibitor alexidine dihydrochloride and observed that PTPMT1 silencing in pancreatic cancer cell lines drastically reduced cell viability, caused mitochondrial damage, and impaired mitochondrial function. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that PTPMT1 could interact with SLC25A6 and NDUFS2, indicating that it may modulate mitochondrial function via the SLC25A6-NDUFS2 axis. Collecively, our data highlight PTPMT1 as an important factor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and a potential therapeutic target.

目的 通过对 TCGA测序数据库的挖掘,筛选肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carainoma,HCC)预后相关铁死亡基因并构建 Signa-ture预后风险评估模型.方法 从 TCGA数据库获取 HCC测序数据,采用 R 语言进行铁死亡相关基因表达差异性分析,采用 Log Rank检验和单变量 Cox比例风险回归进行 K-M 生存分析.基于 time ROC分析及 LASSO Cox回归,构建 Signature预后模型.利用时间依赖 ROC曲线与 AUC对预后风险模型的预测能力进行评估.结果 初步筛选得到 21 个差异表达的铁死亡相关基因,经单变量 Cox比例风险回归和 K-M 生存分析,进一步筛选得到 7 个预后相关的铁死亡相关基因.基于上述预后相关铁死亡差异性基因集进行 Signature预后模型的构建,lambda.min=0.0317,Risk score=0.118×FANCD2+0.1514×SLC1A5+0.1632×SLC7A11.利用时间依赖 ROC曲线与 AUC 对预后风险模型的预测能力进行评估,结果显示,1 年预测效能 AUC= 0.773,3 年 AUC= 0.667,5 年 AUC= 0.658.结论 通过对 TCGA测序数据库的挖掘,筛选并构建基于 FANCD2、SLC1A5、SLC7A11 三个铁死亡相关差异基因构建的预后风险评估模型具有良好的诊断效能,对 HCC预后预测具有重要价值.

Studies concerning the impact of air temperature on esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB) have yielded conflicting results. Our study aimed to evaluate the correlation between air temperature and EGVB. A time-stratified case-crossover study design was performed. Patients received emergency gastroscopic hemostasis for upper gastrointestinal bleeding between Jan 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2018 in the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital were enrolled. Conditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the association between air temperature and EGVB for different lag structures. A total of 4204 cirrhotic patients diagnosed with EGVB and received emergency gastroscopic hemostasis were enrolled. The mean number of daily EGVB cases peaked in October (2.65 ± 1.69) and fell to the lowest level in July (1.86 ± 1.38), and was 2.38 ± 1.58 in spring, 2.00 ± 1.46 in summer, 2.37 ± 1.58 in autumn, and 2.45 ± 1.58 in winter, respectively (P < 0.0001). In conditional logistic regression analysis, no significant correlations between air temperature and EGVB were observed and no significant difference were found when stratified by age, sex, etiology, liver cancer status, and grade of varices. Emergency admission for EGVB showed significant monthly and seasonal fluctuations, while in conditional logistic regression analysis, no association between minimum temperature and emergency admission for EGVB were observed.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common digestive system malignancies in the world. The combined modality treatment of EC is usually surgery and radiation therapy, however, its clinical efficacy for advanced patients is relatively limited. Ferroptosis, a new type of iron-dependent programmed cell death, is different from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. In recent years, many studies have further enlightened that ferroptosis plays an essential role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumors. Targeting ferroptosis stimulates a new direction for further exploration of oncologic treatment regimens. Furthermore, ferroptosis has a critical role in the immune microenvironment of tumors. This paper reviews the mechanism of ferroptosis and the ferroptosis research progress in the treatment of EC. We further elaborate the interaction between ferroptosis and immunotherapy, and the related mechanisms of ferroptosis participation in the immunotherapy of EC, so as to provide new directions and ideas for the treatment of EC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors for the clinical effect of emergency endoscopic therapy in the treatment of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure and gastroesophageal variceal bleeding. MethodsA total of 51 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure and gastroesophageal variceal bleeding who underwent emergency endoscopic therapy in Beijing Shijitan Hospital and The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled, among whom 26 had successful hemostasis and 25 had failed hemostasis. The two groups were compared in terms of general information, varices grade and bleeding manifestations under endoscope, blood biochemical parameters, ultrasound findings, Child-Pugh class, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and the influencing factors for the outcome of hemostasis were analyzed. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; the logistic regression model was used to perform the multivariate analysis. ResultsOf all patients, 26 achieved successful hemostasis, with a success rate of hemostasis of 51%. There were no significant differences between the two groups in sex, age, etiology of liver cirrhosis, presence or absence of liver cancer, presence or absence of portal vein thrombosis, bleeding for the first time or not, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelet count, prothrombin time activity, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, albumin, cholinesterase, MELD score, and bleeding site and bleeding manifestations under gastroscope (all P＞0.05). Compared with the failed hemostasis group, the successful hemostasis group had a significantly longer course of disease (t=2.760, P=0.008) and significantly larger portal vein diameter and diameter of varicose veins under endoscope (t=-4.847, χ2=-6.590, both P＜0.05), and the failed hemostasis group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with Child-Pugh class C disease than the successful hemostasis group (χ2=5.684, P=0.017). Course of liver cirrhosis (odds ratio ［OR］=0.913, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 0.838-0.994, P＜0.05), portal vein diameter (OR=1.925,95%CI: 1.516-2.443, P＜0.05), and diameter of varicose veins (OR=23.254, 95%CI: 2.250-240.352, P＜0.05) were independent influencing factors for the clinical effect of endoscopic hemostasis. ConclusionThere is a relatively low success rate of emergency endoscopic hemostasis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, and course of liver cirrhosis, portal vein diameter, and diameter of varicose veins are independent influencing factors for the clinical effect of endoscopic hemostasis.

目的 应用Cre-LoxP技术构建自噬相关基因Eva1a肝细胞条件性敲除小鼠初步探讨Eva1a基因敲除对小鼠表型的影响.方法 LoxP标记的Eva1aflox/+小鼠与Alb-Cre工具鼠通过多次繁殖杂交,构建纯合型肝细胞条件性Eva1a基因敲除(Eva1aflox/flox:Alb-Cre)小鼠模型.选取Eva1aflox/flox:Alb-Cre小鼠与同窝野生(Eva1aflox/flox)小鼠雌雄进行体质量、肝指数、肝脏组织学、肝功能、糖脂代谢以及细胞自噬等表型分析.结果 Eva1a纯合型基因敲除小鼠无胚胎致死现象,出生后一般生理状况良好.常规饲养条件下,肝脏Eva1a基因条件性敲除在小鼠体质量、肝脏外观以及组织结构、肝指数、肝功能、糖脂代谢及自噬等与野生型小鼠差异无统计学意义.结论 肝细胞条件性Eva1a基因敲除对小鼠生理条件下的表型无显著影响,为进一步探讨Eva1 a在肝脏疾病状态下的作用及分子机制提供了动物模型.

目的 探讨T1M1期胃癌患者的临床病理特征及预后影响因素.方法 筛选SEER数据库T1M1期胃癌患者,应用Kaplan-Meier法进行单因素生存分析及生存曲线绘制,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响肿瘤特异性生存的独立因素.结果 共纳入符合要求T1M1期胃癌患者1144例,纳入生存分析患者972例,中位生存时间(5.000±0.312)个月,胃癌特异性1年生存率26.1％.单因素分析结果显示,年龄、性别、肿瘤分化程度、是否合并淋巴结转移、远处转移部位与T1M1期胃癌患者肿瘤特异性生存密切相关,Cox多因素分析结果显示,高龄、肿瘤分化程度差、无淋巴结转移、合并多器官转移的T1M1期胃癌患者生存期更短.结论 T1M1期胃癌患者预后差,中位生存时间不足半年,高龄、肿瘤分化程度差、无淋巴结转移、合并多器官转移是影响T1M1期胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for failure in emergency endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) combined with sequential histoacryl injection (HI) for esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB) with portal vein embolus (PVE). MethodsA total of 109 EGVB patients with PVE who underwent emergency gastroscopy in Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, and The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled, and according to the outcome of hemostatic treatment under emergency gastroscopy, the patients were divided into hemostatic failure group with 28 patients and hemostatic success group with 81 patients. The two groups were compared in terms of general information, varices and bleeding manifestations under gastroscopy, blood biochemical parameters, Child-Pugh class, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and the risk factors for hemostatic failure were analyzed. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; a logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. ResultsCompared with the hemostatic success group, the hemostatic failure group had significantly higher peripheral white blood cell count (WBC), total bilirubin (TBil), Child-Pugh class, and MELD score (Z=3.794, Z=4.751, χ2=40.104, Z=6.412, all P＜0001) and significantly lower prothrombin time activity (PTA), albumin (Alb), and cholinesterase (CHE) (t=9.653, Z=3.093, Z=4.092, P＜0.001, P=0.002, and P＜0.001). WBC (odds ratio ［OR］=28.543, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 1.285-634.113, P＜0.05), PTA(OR=0.194, 95%CI: 0.045-0.835, P＜0.05), TBil (OR=2.197, 95%CI: 1.004-4.810, P＜0.05), Alb (OR=0448, 95%CI: 0.209-0.961, P＜0.05), and Child-Pugh class (OR=5.164, 95%CI: 1.307-20.406, P＜0.05) were independent risk factors for hemostatic failure. ConclusionWBC, PTA, TBil, Alb, and Child-Pugh class are independent risk factors for failure in emergency EIS combined with sequential HI in the treatment of EGVB with PVE, and adequate preoperative evaluation and correction may help to improve the success rate of hemostasis.

BACKGROUND Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplastic lesions derived from cells of the glomus body. GTs rarely occurs in the visceral organs, where there may be few or no glomus bodies, and the majority of GTs are benign, rarely demonstrating aggressive or malignant behavior and histological features. CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with malignant GTs of the intestinal ileum with multiorgan metastases who was admitted due to moderate anemia. Capsule endoscopy revealed a bleeding mass in the intestinal ileum, and the patient underwent segmental ileal resection through laparoscopic surgery. The histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnoses were consistent with malignant GT. Long-term follow-up showed that the GT had metastasized to multiple organs such as the colon, brain, and possibly the lung. CONCLUSION This case was characterized by the highest degree of malignancy and by multiorgan metastases, and it was the first case of intestinal GT uncovered by capsule endoscopy.

急诊胃镜下止血是治疗食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血的有效方法，止血失败的患者预后差，早期识别止血治疗失败的危险因素尤为重要。本研究通过回顾性分析比较急诊胃镜下止血治疗失败与止血成功的肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血患者的临床资料，探究急诊胃镜下止血治疗失败的危险因素。结果表明凝血酶原活动度、血红蛋白降低值、Child-Pugh分级、门静脉栓子形成是肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血患者急诊胃镜下止血治疗失败的独立危险因素( P<0.05)。因此，在急诊胃镜检查治疗前应对上述因素进行合理评估，以提高止血成功率。

Backgrounds: Endoscopic palliation in hilar obstruction requires endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), whereas cholangitis could be induced by contrast injection. Post ERCP cholangitis risk is particularly high in Bismuth type IV hilar obstruction, and the risk is further increased if the contrast could not be drained. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cholangitis risks associated with contrast agent, air and CO 2 injection in type IV hilar lesions. Methods : The authors retrospectively evaluated the utility of contrast, air and CO 2 cholangiography in consecutive 70 patients with type IV hilar obstruction. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the agent used: A) contrast (n=22), B) air (n=18), and C) CO 2 (n=30). Prior to ERCP, MRCP was obtained in all patients to guide endoscopic intervention. Results : At baseline, there was no significant difference in patient’s age, gender, symptoms, liver function tests between different groups ( p ＞0.05). The complication rates in group B and C were significantly lower than that in group A (27.8% and 26.7% versus 63.6%, p ＜0.05). Except cholangitis risk ( p ＜0.05), no significant difference was found in post ERCP pancreatitis and bleeding risks (both p ＞0.05) between the 3 groups. After ERCP, the mean hospital stay duration was shorter in group B and C compared with group A ( p ＜0.05). However, the difference of one month mortality between 3 groups was not significant ( p ＞0.05). There was no significant difference between group B and C in primary end points. Conclusions : CO 2 cholangiography based ERCP is safer and should be utilized to reduce the risk of post-ERCP cholangitis in typer IV hilar obstruction.

Objective : We describe a case series of patients diagnosed with Primary aortic aneurysm characterized by herald gastrointestinal bleeding, reviewed the literature, aimed to identify and treat such patients without delay, reduce fatality rate. Materials and methods: We reviewed a case series of Primary aortic aneurysm in the Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affliated to the Capital Medical University. Each patient was admitted to hospital with gastrointestinal bleeding as main complaint, and was diagnosed by CT or endoscopy. Then characteristics of endoscopy and CT were analyzed. Results: 3 patients were enrolled. In case 1, hematoma was formed after a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, and compression of the hematoma led to ischemic colitis, abdominal pain and hematochezia were the main symptoms. In case 2 and case 3, aortic gastrointestinal fistula were found in the duodenum and esophagus, respectively, abdominal pain, melena and hematochezia were the main symptoms. Conclusion : A timely and accurate diagnosis of Primary aortic aneurysm may be challenging due to insidious episodes of GI bleeding, which are frequently under-diagnosed until the occurrence of massive hemorrhage. Clinical physicians should keep a high index of awareness for Primary aortic aneurysm.

肉瘤样癌( sarcomatoid carcinoma , SC)是一种由癌性成分和肉瘤样成分紧密结合在一起共同构成的恶性肿瘤[1].可发生于全身各器官,多见于肺[2-3] ,原发于肝胆胰的SC较少见,其恶性程度高、增长速度快,侵袭性强,预后差[4].本文回顾性分析了6例经病理证实的肝胆胰SC患者的临床、影像及病理资料,并复习文献,旨在探讨该病的特点,提高对SC的认识水平,为后续患者的诊治提供依据.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS), and tissue adhesive injection in the treatment of esophagogastric junctional variceal bleeding, and to provide a reference for reasonable selection of different hemostasis methods. MethodsA total of 1264 patients with liver cirrhosis and esophagogastric junctional variceal bleeding who underwent emergency gastroscopic hemostasis in Beijing Shijitan Hospital and The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were enrolled and divided into EVL, EIS, HI groups based on the method of emergency gastroscopic hemostasis. These groups were compared in terms of success rate of operation, success rate of hemostasis, early rebleeding rate, and postoperative complications. The patients were also divided into groups based on bleeding site, and the success rates of different hemostasis methods at different sites were compared. An analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsThe success rate of EIS and tissue adhesive injection was significantly higher than that of EVL, and the success rate of EIS was significantly higher than that of tissue adhesive injection (χ2=75.01, P＜0.05). Tissue adhesive injection had a significantly higher success rate of hemostasis than EVL and EIS (χ2=9.885, P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in early rebleeding rate between groups (χ2=0.29，P=0.865). The patients undergoing EVL had a significantly higher incidence rate of aspiration and pneumonia than those undergoing EIS or tissue adhesive injection (χ2=19.08, P＜0.05); the patients undergoing tissue adhesive injection had a significantly higher proportion of patients with postoperative pyrexia than those undergoing EVL or EIS (χ2=23.94, P＜005); the patients undergoing EVL or tissue adhesive injection had a significantly higher incidence rate of postoperative retrosternal discomfort than those undergoing EIS (χ2=19.56, P＜0.05). EIS and EVL had a high success rate of hemostasis for the bleeding sites at 1-5 cm above the esophagogastric junction (EGJ); EIS and tissue adhesive injection had a similar success rate of hemostasis for the bleeding sites from 1 cm above the EGJ to 2 cm below the EGJ; tissue adhesive injection had a high success rate of hemostasis for the bleeding sites at 2-5 cm below the EGJ. ConclusionEVL, EIS, and tissue adhesive injection are effective methods for the treatment of esophagogastric junctional variceal bleeding, and the selection of hemostasis method based on the location of bleeding site can improve the outcome of hemostasis.

Background: Endoscopic biliary stenting by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the most common form of palliation for malignant hilar obstruction. However, ERCP in such cases is associated with a risk of cholangitis. The incidence of post-ERCP cholangitis is particularly high in Bismuth type IV hilar obstruction, and this risk is further increased when the contrast injected for cholangiography is not drained. The present study aims to compare the incidence of cholangitis associated with the use of a contrast agent, air and CO 2 for cholangiography in type IV hilar biliary lesions. Methods: The clinical data of consecutive 70 patients with type IV hilar obstruction, who underwent ERCP from October 2013 to November 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into three groups based on the agent used for cholangiography: group A, contrast ( n =22); group B, air ( n =18); group C, CO 2 ( n =30). These three methods of cholangiography were chronologically separated. Prior to the ERCP, MRCP was obtained from all patients to guide the endoscopic intervention. Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference in terms of the patient’s age, gender, symptoms and liver function tests among the three groups ( P> 0.05). The complication rates were significantly higher in group A than in groups B and C (63.6% vs. 26.7% and 27.8%, P< 0.05). The incidence of post-ERCP cholangitis was significantly higher in group A ( P< 0.05), while the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis and bleeding were similar in the three groups. After the ERCP, the mean hospital stay was shorter in groups B and C, when compared to group A ( P< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the 30-day mortality rate among the three groups ( P> 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between groups B and C in terms of primary end points. Conclusion : CO 2 or air cholangiography during ERCP for type IV hilar obstruction is associated with reduced risk of post-ERCP cholangitis, when compared to conventional contrast agents.

Objective To explorer the influential factors of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) after esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB) in liver cirrhosis. Methods The medical history and clinical data of 178 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent EVB and their correlation with HVPG measurement in our hospital from January 2015 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The average HVPG value of liver cirrhosis patients who underwent EVB was 16.9 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). HVPG value of viral cirrhosis patients was lower than that of non-viral cirrhosis patients. Patients who had uncommon portosystemic collateral circulations (UPCC) or underwent EVB for more than 3 times might have lower HVPG, while those who had hyperalycemia, hypoalbuminemia, anemia or hepatocellular carcinoma might have higher HVPG, with significant difference (P < 0.05). Multivariant linear regression analysis showed that etiology of cirrhosis, glycosylated hemoglobin level, times of EVB and UPCC could greatly influence HVPG in liver cirrhosis patients after EVB. Conclusions HVPG value increases in liver cirrhosis patients who underwent EVB, and etiology of cirrhosis, glycosylated hemoglobin level, times of EVB and UPCC are regarded the influential factors of HVPG.