Snakebite envenomation often leads to severe visceral injuries, including acute liver injury (ALI). However, the toxicity mechanism remains unclear. Moreover, varespladib can directly inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in snake venom, but its protective effect on snakebite-induced ALI and the mechanism have not been clarified. Previous studies have shown that snake venom PLA2 leads to neuron cell death via reactive oxygen species (ROS), one of the initial factors related to the mitophagy pathway. The present study group also found that ROS accumulation occurred after Naja atra envenoming. Hematoxylin and eosin (H/E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to identify the expression of inflammatory factors in the liver tissue, and flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to detect ROS levels and mitochondrial function. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were also used for detecting mitophagy pathway-related proteins. The results showed that N. atra bite induced ALI by activating mitophagy and inducing inflammation and that varespladib had a protective effect. Collectively, these results showed the pathological mechanism of ALI caused by N. atra bite and revealed the protective effect of varespladib.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的探讨蛇床子素（osthole,Ost）对背根神经节（dorsal root ganglia, DRG）P2X₃受体（P2X₃R）介导人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus,HIV）包膜糖蛋白gp120诱发周围神经病理痛的作用及机制。方法建立HIV gp120诱发周围神经病理痛大鼠模型,其中Ost给药组大鼠于建模术前7 d至术后14 d灌胃给药(40 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)。检测各组大鼠机械痛缩足反射阈值（PWT）与热痛缩足反射潜伏期（PWL）;实时定量PCR、蛋白印迹、免疫组化等方法检测DRG中神经元P2X₃R、炎性因子及ERK、p-ERK等的表达;全细胞膜片钳检测HEK293细胞三磷酸腺苷（ATP）激活电流及Ost对电流的影响。结果 gp120组大鼠PWT、PWL较假手术组（sham）减小,大鼠DRG中P2X₃R、TNF-αR及p-ERK表达均较sham组明显升高;gp120+Ost组大鼠PWT、PWL较gp120组增大,大鼠DRG中P2X₃R、TNF-αR及p-ERK表达均较gp120组降低;Ost抑制了转染人P2X₃R的HEK293细胞ATP激动电流。结论 Ost下调DRG神经元中P2X₃R,抑制相关信号通路与炎性反应,减轻gp120诱发的周围神经病理痛。</span>

Glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is an HIV envelope glycoprotein. Gp120 can directly stimulate the primary sensory afferent neurons and cause hyperalgesia. The P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is involved in the transmission of pain. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of the P2X3 receptor in gp120-induced neuropathic pain. Our data showed that mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rats treated with gp120 were increased compared to those in the control group. The expression levels of the P2X3 mRNA and protein in rats treated with gp120 were higher than those in the control group. The P2X3 antagonist A317491 decreased mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia and the up-regulated expression levels of P2X3 mRNA and protein in rats treated with gp120. A317491 decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels in the gp120-treated rat DRG. In addition, P2X3 agonist α,β-methylene ATP (α,β-meATP)-activated currents in DRG neurons cultured with gp120 were higher than those in control neurons. The inhibitory effect of A317491 on α,βme-ATP-induced currents in DRG neurons from the gp120-treated neurons was larger than that for control neurons. Molecular docking data showed that A317491 may be acted in the gp120 protein to inhibit the gp120 initiated the P2X3 activation, decrease the sensitizing DRG primary afferents and reduce the signal transmission of neuropathic pain in gp120-treated rats. Therefore, the inhibition of the P2X3 receptor in rat DRG neurons relieved gp120-induced mechanical hyperalgesia.

Leptin is widely distributed in many tissues, including the nervous system. However, the ontogeny of leptin expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is unclear. Recent studies have shown that leptin is involved in the regulation of neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. Our previous results showed that exogenous leptin administration alleviated the pain behaviors induced by chronic constriction sciatic nerve injury. In the present study, the ontogenic expression of leptin was detected in the DRG of the mouse embryo at days 15.5 (E15.5), E17.5, and E19.5 of gestation and in the postnatal mouse at days 5 (P5), P15, and P25, and in the adult mouse. Leptin immunoreactivity and mRNA were not found in DRG at E15.5. The percentage of leptin immunopositive (leptin(+)) neurons was about 27% at E17.5. It continued to increase to about 70% at P5. From P5 to P15, there was no significant change. The proportion of DRG neurons positive for leptin decreased after P15 and there were about 41% leptin(+) neurons in adults. The expression profile of leptin mRNA is similar to leptin immunoreactivity. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is an effective platinum-based drug used as first-line chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer. However, it may induce neuropathic pain. In the current study, we found that the expression of leptin was increased in the lumbar 4-6 DRG of OXA-treated mice. These results indicate that leptin is involved in the regulation of DRG development and OXA-induced neuropathic pain.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the repeated usage statue of disposable insulin pen needle for hospitalized patients with diabetes,and observe its safety,in order to provide guidelines for using properly insulin for patients with diabetes pen and provide bases for health education for the medical staff.METHODS Used self-designed"the usage questionnaire of disposable insulin pen needles"to investigate 80 diabetic patients in Gastroenterology and Endocrinology Department of affiliated Hospital.RESULTS Reused disposable insulin pen needles in diabetes was widespread,95% of patients had the re-use phenomenon,35% of patients re-use more than 6 times.Expensive needle was the main reason.Repetition frequency(n﹤6 or n≥7)was damaged to the skin,that was statistically significant(χ12 = 5.78,P1﹤0.05),but the damage degree on the skin of re-use 2-6 times and 7 times more was not very different,that was no statistically significant(χ22 = 0.10,P2﹥0.05).CONCLUSION It's widespread that insulin pen needle is re-used by hospitalized patients with diabetes,economic reasons and the lack of effective health education and guidance are important factors.It's imperative to enhance education of the usage standard of insulin pen for diabetes,in order to prevent adverse reactions.

目的:了解护士组织承诺现状,并探讨其影响因素.方法:采用一般资料调查表、组织承诺量表、工作满意度量表对北京市某三甲医院110名护士进行问卷调查.结果:护士组织承诺平均得分处于中等偏上水平;回归分析显示排班和互动机会对规范承诺具有显著的正向预测作用.结论:合理安排班次、增加互动机会可提高护士的规范承诺.

Objective To study the expression of galectin-1(Gal-1)in non small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) tissues and their clinical significances.Methods 35 patients with cancer were included,the difference expression of Gal-1 mRNA and protein in cancer tissues,adjacent tissues of patients with NSCLC and normal tissues of NSCLC patients(over 5 cm from cancer tissue) were detected with RT-PCR,Western blot.Results The expressions of Gal-1 mRNA in cancer tissues,adjacent tissues of patients with NSCLC and normal tissues of NSCLC patients with lymph node metastasis positive were higher than normal tissues of NSCLC patients with lymph node metastasis negative(P<0.05);The expressions of Gal-1 proteins had the same trends with the expressions of Gal-1 mRNA.The expressions of Gal-1 mRNA in cancer tissues were closely related to TNM stages,lymph node metastasis and differentiation(P<0.05),but not to sex,age,histological type of patients(P>0.05).Conclusion The expressions of Gal-1 were closely related to the occurrence and development of NSCLC,it can be as a observation index of NSCLC.

借助网络教学平台的建设,根据不同的教学内容采用与之相适应的教学方法,调动学生的学习积极性,提高护理本科生学习护理伦理学的兴趣及教学效果。

总结了护理学基础实验教学中存在的主要问题,包括实验教学理念有待更新、教学方法相对单一、实验教学与临床脱节、考核方式相对单一,认为应从构建护理实验教学体系、逐步缩小与临床的差距、综合运用多种教学方法、多种考核方法相结合四个方面积极推进实验教学改革。

目的 研究半乳凝集素-1(Galectin-1,Gal-1)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达及临床意义.方法 收集手术切除35例NSCLC患者的癌、癌旁及远处正常肺组织(距癌组织边缘>5 cm),采用RT-PCR检测各组织中Gal-1 mRNA表达情况.结果 Gal-1在NSCLC、癌旁和正常肺组织中的表达率为80.00%(28/35)、71.42%(25/35)及20.00%(7/35);表达水平为63.56±7.25、46.18±6.74、5.59±1.32.NSCLC与癌旁组织比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);癌旁与正常肺组织比较差异有显著性(P<0.05).Gal-1在NSCLC组织中的表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移及分化程度密切相关(P<0.05),而与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤的组织学类型无明显关系(P>0.05).结论 Gal-1 mRNA过表达与NSCLC的TNM分期、发展和侵袭转移存在明显的相关性.

目的 总结和分析冠脉搭桥术中应用冠状静脉窦逆行灌注并桥灌技术进行心肌保护的效果.方法 28例三支病变、稳定型心绞痛、首次进行冠脉搭桥术的患者,均经冠状静脉窦逆行灌注并桥灌心肌停搏液体外循环下行冠脉搭桥术.结果 所有患者术中转流平稳,血流动力学稳定,术后无多巴胺等正性肌力药物依赖和严重心律失常,患者恢复良好.结论 在冠脉搭桥术中,采用冠状静脉窦逆行灌注并桥灌注心肌停搏液进行心肌保护,可取得良好效果.

目的 探讨心理行为干预对心脏手术患者术前焦虑的影响.方法 选择2010年1-4月择期行心脏直视手术的患者62例,随机分为干预组32例和对照组30例.对照组实施常规护理,干预组在此基础上进行心理行为干预.采用Zung焦虑自评量表(selfrating anxiety scale,SAS)对两组患者术前1 d的焦虑状况进行调查,比较两组患者的焦虑程度.结果 干预组患者焦虑程度低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 心理行为干预可明显减轻心脏手术患者术前焦虑程度.

Objective To investigate the effect of nitric oxide(NO) on the expression of long type leptin receptor(OB-Rb) in dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons.Methods Sodium nitroprusside(SNP;0,0.01,0.1 and 0.5 mmol/L) were used to treat the DRG neurons cultured in vitro.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of long types of leptin receptor(OB-Rb) in DRG neurons.Results 0.1～0.5 mmol/L SNP can increase the expression of OB-Rb mRNA and protein.Conclusion The modulation of NO on DRG neurons may be related with the function of leptin.

[目的]通过对江西崇义县开展农村社区服务试点工作的调研,对深入开展农村社区卫生服务工作进行思考与展望。[方法]调研崇义县开展农村社区服务试点工作的情况。[结果]发展农村社区卫生服务是一项亲民惠民工程,值得因地制宜,分类指导,扎实推进。同时,此项工程从试点到广覆盖还存在些问题。[结论]发展农村社区卫生服务应从社区卫生团队建设、加大投入、建立长效机制、完善服务项目等方面进行加强。

目的 总结房间隔缺损封堵器迟发性脱落的外科治疗体会.方法 2006年3月～2007年6月对3例房房间隔缺损经内科介入治疗后出现封堵器迟发性脱落的的病人,行外科手术治疗.结果 所有患者手术顺利,术后恢复情况良好,痊愈出院.结论 对于内科介入治疗房间隔缺损后出现的迟发性封堵器脱落,均应尽早手术,外科手术效果、满意.

经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary interventions.PCI)已成为冠心病的主要诊断和治疗方法.

对20例冠心病患者采用经桡动脉冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗,术前给予细致的心理护理,积极防治术中和术后并发症,做好出院指导.结果除1例患者出现术中急性心肌缺血外,其余患者均顺利通过手术,术后症状明显改善,5～7 d后出院.提示充分做好术前准备和健康教育,加强心电监测,可以保证手术的顺利进行,减少并发症的发生.