为探究黑曲霉、酿酒酵母和乳酸菌联合接种对辣木茎叶粉(辣木叶粉:辣木茎秆粉=2:1)发酵品质、营养成分、活性物质和抗营养因子的影响,试验采用有氧(24、48、60、72 h)与厌氧(3、5、7、9 d)连续性发酵的方式,有氧阶段添加黑曲霉、酿酒酵母和乳酸菌,添加比例为1:1:1(质量比),添加量为0.1％;厌氧阶段转移至真空袋中进行发酵.结果表明:(1)有氧发酵48 h的pH显著低于24、60、72 h(P<0.05),72 h的pH显著高于24、60 h(P<0.05),其他各时间段差异不显著(P>0.05).(2)有氧发酵48、60、72 h的粗蛋白质显著高于24 h(P<0.05),30 h的酸性洗涤纤维显著高于24、48、72 h(P<0.05).(3)有氧发酵72 h的黄酮显著高于其他各时间点(P<0.05),60、72 h的单宁显著低于24、48 h(P<0.05),有氧发酵48、60、72 h的植酸显著高于24 h(P<0.05).(4)厌氧发酵7 d的粗蛋白质含量极显著高于3、5 d(P<0.01),厌氧发酵9 d的单宁显著高于3、5、7 d(P<0.05).综上所述,发现有氧发酵48 h和厌氧发酵7 d时发酵品质最佳,可以获得含高活性成分、高粗蛋白质和低抗营养因子的发酵辣木饲料.

新鲜辣木叶脱叶机械化装置是采摘辣木叶并将辣木叶与辣木树枝分离的自动化设备.它通过可调直流稳压电源对直流电机进行调速,控制辣木叶采摘和分离的效果.串联型直流调速电路在设计和制作过程中,常常出现带负载能力不强、输出电压和转速不稳定等问题.针对存在的问题,尝试运用TRIZ理论和方法进行分析,以解决相关问题.

试验以植酸酶(A)和枯草芽孢杆菌(B)、黑曲霉(D)、酿酒酵母菌(E)为发酵菌种进行固态厌氧发酵.在相同条件下比较不同菌的菌酶协同发酵辣木茎秆粉对发酵品质、营养成分以及抗营养因子植酸的影响.结果显示:A+D+E组、A+B+E组、A+B+D+E组对提高乳酸、降低pH值和氨态氮含量均有显著影响(P＜0.05).A+B+E组与A+B+D+E组显著提高组蛋白(CP)含量(P＜0.05),A+D+E组与A+B+D+E组能显著降低中性洗涤纤维(NDF)与酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量(P＜0.05).A+B+D组、A+D+E组与A+B+D+E组显著降低植酸含量(P＜0.05).试验表明,混菌加酶发酵会比单菌加酶发酵具有更优的效果.选用枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉、酿酒酵母与植酸酶混合发酵改善辣木茎秆粉的营养品质,降低抗营养因子植酸的效果最佳.

为开发利用辣木茎秆,探讨菌酶联合发酵对辣木茎秆粉营养成分及植酸含量的影响.以辣木茎秆粉为原料,以黑曲霉(H)、枯草芽孢杆菌(K)、酿酒酵母(N)与植酸酶(Z)进行协同固态发酵,分别在第1、2、4、6、8、10 d测定其粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪、植酸含量.结果表明:从发酵第8d起,Z+K+H、Z+H+N、Z+K+N、Z+K+H+N组与不加菌酶、Z、Z+K、Z+H、Z+N组比较辣木茎秆粉中粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量显著提高(P<0.05),ADF、NDF、植酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),且Z+K+H+N组效果最佳.综上所述,混菌加酶发酵比单菌加酶发酵具有更优的效果.选用枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉、酿酒酵母三菌与植酸酶协同发酵的第8d效果最佳.

新鲜辣木叶脱叶机械化装置是将辣木叶从辣木树枝中采摘和分离的自动化设备.目前在辣木叶采摘过程中,遇到的难题是:采用人工采摘辣木叶,存在效率低、成本高的问题;采用普通的茶叶采摘装置对辣木叶进行采摘时,容易造成辣木叶的损伤.因此,新鲜辣木叶采摘亟待解决的问题是:在尽量提高采摘效率和降低成本的情况下,保持辣木叶完好无损伤.

根据广西所处地理位置及气候特点,在中、幼、成熟龄辣木林中设置辣木+绿豆、辣木+大豆、辣木+花生、辣木+香茅草、辣木+迷迭香、辣木+茄子、辣木+西瓜、辣木+黑皮冬瓜、辣木+南瓜9种辣木复合经营模式,初步总结各模式的营建技术.

With the rapid development of China's agricultural production and the improvement of people's living standards and health awareness, people's demands for food quality and nutrition have become increasingly strong. Agricultural products that meet various functional needs such as nutrition, health care and safety are increasingly favored by the general public. Se, one of the trace elements necessary for the human body, has begun to be applied and developed in medicine and other life sciences. Developing Se-enriched agricultural relying on Guangxi's unique Se-enriched soil resources is of great significance to enhance people's quality of life, increase the added value of agricultural products, and promote the transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture in the region. Starting with the development status and advantages of industrial development of Se-enrich agriculture in Guangxi, the main problems existing in the current industrial development of Se-enrich agriculture in Guangxi were summarized, and specific countermeasures were put forward in this paper, so as to provide theoretical support for the development of Se-enriched agriculture in Guangxi.

Due to its unique economic value, Moringa oleifera Lam. has become a tree species with great development potential. This paper firstly introduced the value of development and utilization of M. oleifera in nutrition, medicinal, industrial, greening, etc. Then, focusing on the current development status of M. oleifera industry in Guangxi and combining Guangxi's resource conditions, it came up with recommendations for the comprehensive development and rational utilization of M. oleifera. Besides, it made a prediction of the prospect of Se-enriched M. oleifera industry in Guangxi.

目的:利用辣木枝屑为主料栽培糙皮侧耳.方法:通过辣木与常规配方对比试验,研究辣木对糙皮侧耳菌丝生长速度、菌丝长势及生物转化率的影响,以此评价辣木枝屑为主料栽培糙皮侧耳的可行性.结果:糙皮侧耳在辣木枝屑为主料的各配方中均能正常生长和出菇,以配方④(辣木枝屑60％,棉子壳38％,石灰1％,石膏1％)和配方⑤(辣木枝屑50％,杂木屑23％,棉子壳25％,石灰1％,石膏1％)表现最佳,菌丝长势强,生长速度分别为8.0 mm/d和7.3 mm/d,生物转化率分别为96.03％和93.51％,且均优于对照组.结论:辣木枝屑可用于栽培糙皮侧耳.

Moringa had a unique economic value and great potential for development. The development and utilization of Moringa were reviewed from the aspects of nutrition, medicinal use, industrial use and greening. Some suggestions were put forward for development and utilization of Moringa oleifera in Guangxi based on the present situation and resources of Moringa in Guangxi, and the prospect of selenium-rich Moringa was analyzed in Guangxi.