The clinical application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) faces limitations due to the poor tumor‐targeting efficiency and systemic toxicity of conventional photosensitizers. To overcome these challenges, a biomimetic nanoplatform (C3N4‐RP@RBCm) is developed by covalently coupling graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) with red phosphorus nanoparticles, followed by encapsulation with erythrocyte membranes. This design utilizes CD47‐mediated immune evasion and achieves tumor‐specific accumulation through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. C3N4‐RP@RBCm demonstrates outstanding antitumor activity. Specifically, a 24‐h exposure to 20 µg mL −1 of C3N4‐RP@RBCm is sufficient to saturate HeLa cells. Upon 660 nm laser irradiation, controlled reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, resulting in apoptosis in 89% of HeLa cells, thereby efficiently enhancing anti‐tumor effects. In tumor‐bearing mice, laser‐activated C3N4‐RP@RBCm induces apoptosis in tumor cells and more effectively inhibits tumor xenografts. Moreover, at a concentration of 100 µg mL −1 , the percentage of live cells remains above 99%, and the treatment induces less than 1.2% hemolysis in human erythrocytes, indicating excellent biocompatibility. Consequently, C3N4‐RP@RBCm causes minimal histopathological injuries in heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues. Thus, this photosensitizer demonstrates significant potential for clinical application.

Traditional antibacterial strategies encounter challenges such as drug resistance and environmental pollution. In contrast, nanomaterial-based phototoxic therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), show promise in enhancing antibacterial efficacy and mitigating drug resistance. In this work, the potential and effectiveness of carbon quantum dot-modified molybdenum disulfide (CQDs@MoS2) composite has investigated for the rapid inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in photodynamic and photothermal therapies. Under xenon lamp illumination, MoS2 generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage bacterial membranes and DNA. The incorporation of CQDs generates localized heat under infrared light, enhances the charge separation of the composite, and increases ROS production, thus producing a PTT effect for amplifying photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. This approach significantly inactivates Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) within 5min and demonstrates high stability. The synergistic effects of these therapies promote effective bacterial inactivation, presenting a promising solution for water disinfection and biomedical applications.

Photocatalytic water disinfection is a cutting-edge strategy for effectively sterilizing water in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner. A 2D/2D MoS2/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst was specifically designed to improve performance by enhancing the charge separation and reducing the photogenerated carrier loading rate. When exposed to visible light, electron and hole pairs generated on the surface of the heterojunction interacted with O2 and H2O in the environment; this facilitated the production of exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) that effectively eliminated the bacteria. With this optimized structure, E. coli and S. aureus were completely inactivated in 20 and 30 min, respectively, under white LED irradiation.

Objective To investigate and analyze the serological and molecular biological characteristics of B(A)sub-group in a tertiary hospital in Jiaozhou,Qingdao.Methods From November 2019 to February 2023,the samples of 12 pa-tients were suspected to be AB subgroup by microcolumn glass bead method and saline test tube method.The exons 6 and 7 of ABO gene were further amplified,sequenced and analyzed to determine the ABO allele type.Results A total of 9 cases of B(A)subgroup were detected in26 065 patients in Jiaozhou,with a detection rate of 0.345‰(9/26 065).Among the 9 cases of B(A)subgroup,8 cases of serological reaction showed Aweak B,and the gene detection was heterozygous for BA.04 gene and O gene.One case of serological reaction showed ABweak,and the gene detection was heterozygous for BA.04 gene and A gene.Conclusion Blood group serological combined with gene detection can accurately identify ABO blood group.B(A)subgroup alleles can exist in individuals with serological reaction of ABweak.

Platelets are important components of the blood system. There are many kinds of concentrated platelets and their derivatives, among which platelet-rich plasma (PRP ), growth factors (GFs) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have been widely used in clinical practice. Lyophilized platelets (Lyo-P) or freeze-dried platelets (FDP) are prepared from concentrated platelets by freeze-drying and have the advantages of long storage time at room temperature, light weight, convenient transportation, inactivation of pathogens, etc. Lyo-P contain high concentration of GFs, fibrin, white blood cells and various cytokines. In addition to their hemostatic and coagulative functions, Lyo-P and their products are increasingly used in wound healing, tissue repair, cosmetology, reproductive medicine and other fields.

Objective To explore the laboratory monitoring procedure and its clinical significance in patients with passenger lymphocyte syndrome after liver transplantation. Methods The Hb and bilirubin levels were monitored in one AB blood type patient post-liver transplantation. The ABO blood group type, unexpected antibody screening test, direct anti-globulin test and acid elution test were performed respectively in blood samples of the patient to identify the serum antibodies and erythrocyte membrane sensitized antibodies. Results The patent’s Hb level showed a decreasing trend on the day 11 post-operation, reaching the lowest level of 62 g/L on day 17, and his serum bilirubin increased. The patient’s ABO blood type was determined as AB while anti-B antibody was detected in the patient’s serum. The direct anti-globulin test was weakly positive, while the unexpected antibody screening test was negative. Anti-B antibody was detected in the elution and the patient’s serum. The patient′s serum was incompatible with type AB and type B erythrocytes in the cross-matching test, while it was compatible with type A and type O erythrocytes. Conclusion Through monitoring serum anti-A, anti-B and direct anti-human globulin test, the patients with passenger lymphocyte syndrome after liver transplantation can be early diagnosed and the prognosis can be improved.

Pathogenic microorganisms related to infectious diseases severely threaten human health, and visible-light-driven (VLD) photocatalysis is a promising strategy for mitigating microbial-induced health crises. In this work, a superior and effective VLD photocatalyst comprising a red phosphorus nanodot-modified one-dimensional carbon nitride nanotube (RP-CN) heterostructure was synthesized with a simple chemical vapor deposition method and used for bacterial inactivation. The optimized RP (40)-CN rapidly and completely destroyed Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (10(7) CFU mL(-1)) within 25 and 30 min under irradiation with a white LED, respectively. The efficient photocatalytic activity was attributed to the fact that the matching work function in the CN-RP heterojunction promotes the charge migration/separation that occurs at the CN and RP interface and the broad absorption spectra by RP loading. Additional unpaired photoelectrons reacted with water to generate O-center dot(2)- radicals and H2O2 for efficient bacterial cell inactivation. The present study highlights the design of nanostructured photocatalysts with wide spectral responses for efficient energy conversion and wide antibacterial scope.

Cutaneous chronic wounds are a major global health burden in continuous growth due to population aging and the higher incidence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. In the process of spontaneous wound healing, growth factors play a vital role. Thanks to the high content of growth factors in platelet rich plasma(PRP), more and more PRP has been used to treat chronic refractory wounds, including diabetic ulcer, pressure ulcer, venous ulcer, and burns, etc., and has achieved significant results. Given the short duration of local growth factor release in the wound when PRP is applied alone, some studies have combined PRP with different tissue biology materials, such as hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and chitosan derivatives, to achieve better therapeutic results. In this paper, the preparation method of PRP, the mechanism of growth factors, the effect of PRP on wound repair, the combined application of PRP with repair materials and the advantages and disadvantages of PRP are reviewed.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a clinical treatment, can remove malignant cells upon laser irradiation by selective uptake of photosensitizer (PS). The relative contribution of these antitumor effects depends largely on the dose and uptake of PS. In this study, C3N4@RP was chosen as a candidate for selective uptake studies of different cancer cells. C3N4@RP has been proved to possess excellent properties, including absorption edges extending up to 700 nm, efficient cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity, and favorable intracellular fluorescence localization. Considering the optimal therapeutic effect, we first incubated different concentrations of PS with A549 cells and HeLa cells in vitro to observe the uptake efficiency at different times. At a concentration of 20 μg ml−1, the cellular uptake by A549 and HeLa showed a time-dependent accumulation. The increasing accumulation for cancer cells at the most effective cellular uptake for 24 h follows an order of HeLa > A549. These results suggest that different types of cancer cells have different uptake saturation times for the same PS. All of the presented results support the idea that a properly designed PS is suitable for specific cancer at a specific time to achieve the best therapeutic effect.

目的 探讨血浆肝素结合蛋白(HBP)在类风湿性关节炎(RA)合并细菌感染患者中的诊断价值和临床意义.方法 纳入RA患者122例、单纯细菌感染患者23例、同期健康体检者60例作为研究对象,其中RA合并细菌感染组42例,RA活动期组39例,RA缓解期组41例.应用透射免疫比浊法测定研究对象静脉血HBP浓度,评估其与白细胞(WBC)、红细胞沉降速率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的相关性.不同组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,使用Spearman做连续变量相关性分析,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),评估HBP鉴别诊断RA患者合并细菌感染的敏感性和特异性.结果 RA合并细菌感染组HBP为63.30(36.83～123.00)ng/mL,高于RA活动期组17.00(14.00～21.60)ng/mL(P<0.01),高于RA缓解期组8.30(6.65～9.60)ng/mL(P<0.01)和健康对照组7.40(5.63～8.80)ng/mL(P<0.01),与单纯细菌感染组68.70(42.10～100.60)ng/mL比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);RA活动期组高于RA缓解期组(P<0.01)和健康对照组(P<0.01);RA缓解期组和健康对照组无统计学差异(P>0.05).RA合并细菌感染组HBP水平与CRP呈正相关(r=0.332,P<0.05),RA活动期组HBP水平与CRP、疾病活动度(DAS28)呈正相关(r=0.582,P<0.01;r=0.461,P<0.05),两组HBP水平与WBC、ESR均无相关性(P>0.05).ROC曲线显示当HBP水平为24.55 ng/mL时,是诊断RA患者合并细菌感染的最佳阈值,其敏感性为92.9％,特异性为84.6％.结论 HBP是可用于RA合并细菌感染和活动期鉴别诊断的敏感且特异的指标.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses targeted photosensitizing drugs, has been regarded as a promising method for cancer therapy. In the present study, photosensitizer red phosphorus modified P25 nanophotosensitizers (P25-RP) were generated, which were coated with platelet membrane (P25-RP@PLT) extracted from platelet rich plasma. The biocompatibility of P25-RP was demonstrated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and optical microscope assay, more than 93 % cells in the concentration of 100 μg/ml of P25-RP suspension after co-incubation for 24 h were still kept alive. The antitumor performance of P25-RP@PLT was evaluated via CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and fluorescence staining of live/dead cells. The experiment results showed that P25-RP@PLT could ablate 55 % malignant tumor cells upon laser irradiation within 5 min, which was 10 % higher than P25-RP alone against cancer cells. Mechanistically, the cancer cell toxicity of P25-RP@PLT nanophotosensitizers was attributed to its heterojunction structure that broadens the absorption spectra, whereas PLT membrane coating technology allows for immune escape and selective adhesion capacity to cancer cells. This work provided a novel pathway on the design of novel visible-light-driven photosensitizer for cancer therapy.

目的 探讨智慧型闭环移动护理管理系统在临床用血质量管理中的应用效果.方法 将青岛大学附属医院信息管理系统(7.0.2)与输血科(血库)信息管理系统(6.4.0.56)整合,优化输血护理流程,实现输血智慧化闭环护理管理.设对照组:通过HIS选取2017年1月～12月(闭环管理实施前)入住本院血液内科行输血治疗的患者789人;观察组:2018年1月～12月(闭环管理实施后)入住本院血液内科行输血治疗的患者836人.采用自行设计的输血规范管理查检表,规范执行条目数为分子、查检总条目数为分母得出规范执行率.对闭环管理实施前后血标本采集规范查对率、取血后＜30 min输注率、床旁输血双人核查执行率、输血巡视规范率、＜4 h红细胞输注完毕率及输血护理记录规范率做比较,采用x2检验或Fisher精确概率法做统计分析,评价用血质量管理改进效率.采用目的抽样法,抽取涉及输血的临床科室(血液内科、心外科、手术室、综合ICU)护士长共8名做半结构式访谈,访谈围绕智慧型闭环移动护理信息系统在临床用血质量管理中的效果展开,对访谈结果做分析.结果 观察组与对照组床旁输血双人核查执行率为100％ (836/836) vs 97.72％ (771/789),血标本采集规范查对率99.04％ (828/836) vs97.34％(768/789)、取血后＜30 min输注率97.97％(819/836) vs 95.06％ (750/789)、输血巡视规范率99.28％(830/836) vs 94.93％(712/789)、＜4 h红细胞输注完毕率99.16％(829/836) vs 97.47％(769/789)及输血护理记录规范率100％ (836/836) vs 89.73％ (708/789)(P＜0.05);输血质量控制记录、质控结果汇总、质控结果反馈耗时明显缩短.结论 智慧型闭环移动护理管理系统应用于临床用血质量管理,有效提升了输血(时间)效率和护理质量,有助于确保临床用血安全.

Photocatalytic water disinfection has emerged as a promising approach for water purification. However, exploring efficient and rapid visible light driven materials for photocatalytic bacterial inactivation is still a challenging problem. Herein, red phosphorus/titanium oxide (TiO2@RP) nanofibers were developed for effective water disinfection by a vacuum ampoule strategy. The complete E. coli and S. aureus (7-log CFU mL(-1)) could be rapidly killed within 25 min and 30 min over the optimized TiO2@RP heterostructure under the white LED irradiation. The efficient photocatalytic antibacterial activity should be mainly ascribed to the synergetic enhancement in light absorption by RP decoration and charge migration and separation by the interface between TiO2 and RP. And then more unpaired photo-carriers would be transferred to the surface to facilitate the generation of photo-holes, center dot O-2(-) radicals, and H2O2 species, which could destroy the bacterial cells efficiently.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a serious and tenacious disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are effective means of cancer treatment. However, PDT combined with PTT has been rarely reported in ccRCC treatment. In the present study, by developing the core-shell structured TiO2 @red phosphorus nanorods (TiO2 @RP NRs) as a photosensitizer, the feasibility and effectiveness of synchronous PDT and PTT treatments for ccRCC are demonstrated. The core-shell structured TiO2 @RP NRs are synthesized to drive the PDT and PTT for ccRCC, in which the RP shell is the sensitizer even in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The optimized TiO2 @RP NRs can respond to NIR and produce local heat under irradiation. The NRs are estimated in ccRCC treatments via cell counting kit-8 assay, propidium iodide staining, qRT-PCR, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) probes in vitro, while terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling is conducted in vivo. After NIR irradiation, TiO2 @RP NRs can efficiently kill ccRCC cells by producing local heat and ROS and cause low injury to normal kidney cells. Furthermore, treatment with TiO2 @RP NRs and NIR can kill significant numbers of deep-tissue ccRCC cells in vivo. This work highlights a promising photo-driven therapy for kidney cancer.

Solar-to-hydrogen conversion through photocatalysis is a sustainable and promising strategy for storing solar energy. Recently, elemental red phosphorus（RP） with broad light absorption has been recognized as a potential candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, while challenges remain due to the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers. In this work, RP modified Ti O2 hollow spheres were designed and fabricated through the chemical vapor deposition method. The optimal hydrogen production rate reaching 215.5 μmol/（g h） over TiO 2@RP heterostructure was obtained under simulated solar light irradiation. Experimental results evidenced that the hollow sphere structure and RP light absorber extended light absorption ability, and the heterostructure induced interfacial charge migration facilitated photoinduced charge separation, which benefited the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance.

One-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials are widely used in different fields, and the increased application of 1D nanomaterials has drawn concerns about their unknown toxicity. 1D titanium oxide (TiO2) nanomaterials in different crystal phases are commonly applied in environmental remediation and solar energy conversion fields, but these materials pose a threat to human health, especially to the kidneys, an organ with abundant blood flow. To systematically evaluate the cytotoxicity to the kidneys, TiO2 nanofibers with TiO2(B), anatase, and rutile phases, as well as nanorods with anatase and rutile phases were synthesized and added to the culture medium of HK2 cells. Cell counting kit-8 assay, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay, Hoechst 33342 staining experiments, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests were used to explore the renal effects of the as-prepared TiO2 nanomaterials in the short term or long term. In the short-term evaluation, all the added TiO2 nanomaterials were toxic to HK2 cells, and the cytotoxicity was dose-dependent. Rutile TiO2 can widely attach to the cell surface and displays the most serious cell-killing and proapoptotic ability, while anatase induces the most serious oxidative stress. In long-term evaluation, all the as-prepared TiO2 nanomaterials led to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a mechanism of renal fibrosis. Consistent with the short-term results, rutile induced the most serious EMT. This study indicated that the renal toxicity of 1D TiO2 nanomaterials is crystal phase-dependent and that rutile induced the most significant renal cell injury. Oxidative stress is a crucial but not the only contributor to the renal toxicity of TiO2 nanomaterials in the short term.

Photocatalytic hydrogen production by water splitting is one of the most effective strategies for solar energy conversion and utilization. The metal-free polymeric carbon nitride (CN) has been widely used as an efficient photocatalyst for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, to date, the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency of the CN-based photocatalysts is still low. Herein, to boost the photocatalytic activity of CN, controllable phosphorus atoms were introduced to form P-doped CN (PCN) via an evacuated ampoule calcination strategy. Compared with bare CN, the optimized PCN exhibits remarkably enhanced photocatalytic HER activity, with the HER rate up to 261.2 µmol h−1 and 171.6 µmol h−1 under the simulated solar light and visible-light illumination, respectively. It was revealed that the boosted photocatalysis for HER is mainly ascribed to the P dopants that can synergetically increase the visible-light absorption and facilitate the charge transfer process. This present work highlights improving the photocatalytic energy conversion efficiency by controllable tuning of the heteroatom doping degree in photocatalysts.

Background: Swallowing disorders (dysphagia) is common in stroke patients. However, the epidemiology of post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is poorly described. We herein synthesize the data of eligible studies on occurrence rate of dysphagia in Asian populations with stroke. Methods: We searched the electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) to collect the studies on the prevalence of PSD. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to estimate the quality of studies. The pooled dysphagia occurrence rate was obtained in Asian stroke patients. Results: 40 studies (including 43 observations) from 2318 initial references were selected in the synthetic analysis. The pooled occurrence rate of dysphagia in post stroke patients was 36.3% (95% CI, 33.3%-39.3%). Meta-regression analysis showed that the "country" and "developing level" may influence the pooled occurrence rate of PSD. Conclusion: Dysphagia is common in Asian post-stroke patients. Our meta-analysis may raise concern about evaluating and managing dysphagia in stroke patients. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation of antibiotics residues is one of the most effective strategies for wastewater treatment. TiO2 has been widely used as an efficient photoelectrode material for pollutant removal. However, the degradation efficiency of UV light-driven TiO2-based photoelectrodes is still low. In this study, phosphorus-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs/P) were fabricated by calcination TNTAs with amorphous red phosphorus in sealed ampoules. By tuning the amount of P dopants, the optimized TNTAs/P(0.75) photo electrode exhibits excellent PEC degradation performance under the Xenon lamp (100 mW/cm(2), lambda > 300 nm) light irradiation, with 79 % tylosin removal within 250 min.. The TNTAs/P(0.75) photoelectrode also displays about 4-fold photocurrent enhancement than bare TNTAs. It is suggested that the P-doping treatment could improve the light-harvesting ability and accelerate the separation efficiency of photo-induced electron-hole pairs in TNTAs, which benefits the production of center dot OH radicals and thus leads to the enhancement in tylosin degradation activity. This present work demonstrates a facile approach for improving the PEC degradation efficiency by doping heteroatoms in the photoelectrode. Capsule: P-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated for boosting photoelectrocatalytic tylosin degradation activity due to the enhanced light absorption and charge transfer efficiency.

COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which is a new enveloped virus that belongs to the Beta coronavirus genus. As a major health crisis, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over a million people around the world. There is currently no specific treatment available for patients with COVID-19 infection. Numerous potential therapies, including supportive intervention, immunomodulatory agents, antiviral therapy, and convalescent plasma transfusion, have been used in clinical practice. Herein, we summarize the current potential therapeutic approaches for diseases related to COVID-19 infection and discusses the clinical value of blood transfusion-related technologies used in COVID-19 treatment.