[目的]筛选综合评价马铃薯品种的最优方法,为生产上推广应用提供参考.[方法]采用灰色关联度分析法和DTOPSIS法,对安顺市农业科学院从中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所引进的11个马铃薯品种的13个性状进行综合评价.[结果]2种分析方法均能对品种进行较全面的评判,但2种方法的综合评判结果存在差异;在赋予相同权重的情况下,利用灰色关联度分析法得出品种加权关联度间差异在0.00％～35.34％,而DTOPSIS法得出品种间品种与理想解的相对接近度值差异在0.00％～56.79％,说明用DTOPSIS法分析可供选择的变异范围更广,更能体现品种间差异和反映品种优劣,比灰色关联度分析法更适合用于马铃薯品种的综合评价.中薯早37号、中薯26号、中薯早34号3个品种在2种评价方法中排名靠前,即综合性状表现较好.[结论]在马铃薯品种综合评价时选用DTOPSIS法比灰色关联度分析法更适合;在11个马铃薯品种中,中薯早37号、中薯26号、中薯早34号的综合性状表现较好,可作为当地推广品种或后续试验参试品种考虑.

以早熟新品种兴佳2号脱毒种为试验材料,采用L16(54)正交表三因素四水平设计,探索马铃薯种薯切块芽位+赤霉素(GA)催芽试剂浓度+薯块拌种方法组合对马铃薯农艺性状和产量的影响.结果表明,马铃薯产量与出苗率和主茎数有显著正相关关系,与单株块茎重有极显著正相关关系,与株高有不显著的负相关关系;种薯切块方式显著影响种薯出苗率,极显著影响马铃薯单株块茎重;种薯拌种方式显著影响出苗率,赤霉素催芽浓度显著影响植株主茎数.综合分析,筛选出以确保顶芽优势的纵切切块作为种薯,用10mg/L浓度的赤霉素处理15min,草木灰+多菌灵+农用链霉素拌种播种,可显著提高马铃薯单产产量,减少种薯成本投入,提高经济效益.

以费乌瑞它为试验材料,不覆膜为对照,研究了白膜全膜覆盖、黑膜全膜覆盖、白膜全膜覆盖+膜上盖土、黑膜全膜覆盖+膜上盖土、侧膜覆盖、稻草覆盖后盖白膜6种覆膜方式对马铃薯经济性状及产量的影响.结果表明,黑膜覆盖+膜上盖土能促进出苗,减少病虫害的发生,提高马铃薯的干物质含量、商品薯率及产量,是适合黔中地区马铃薯栽培的最佳覆膜方式.

在黔中地区种植早春马铃薯,生育期短,资金周转快、市场前景好,但通常早春低温干旱、夏季高温多雨,从而导致马铃薯商品薯产量及经济效益降低.为提高黔中地区马铃薯商品薯产量,降低生产成本,开展了不同大小的整薯、不同膜色、覆膜方式、盖土时间、播期、密度等因素对土壤温度、湿度、出苗天数、马铃薯商品薯产量及经济性状的影响研究,集成了一套黔中地区马铃薯覆膜盖土抗病抗旱综合增产技术.主要包括种薯选择、种薯处理、栽培方式、覆膜方式、盖土时间、施肥技术、田间管理、收获贮藏等,该技术经过大面积示范,增产增效效果显著且栽培简便,农民易接受.

In order to explore the influence of the film mulching and soil covering cultivation to the commercial potato yield and economic characters in central Guizhou Province, this experiment used ‘ Xuanshu 2 ’ as the material, studied the influence of the different size potato, the different color of the film and the type of soil covering to the soil warm, the humidity, the number of days of seeding emergence, the commercial potato yield and economic characters. The results indicated that, the film mulching and soil covering cultivation turned out to be useful for temperature-increasing and moisturizing before and during seedling emergence in central Guizhou Province, the soil temperature ratio compared high 0.42-6.84℃ , the humidity enhanced 1.64%-18.95%, emerges and maturing quickly. Mid and late seedling emergence could reduce the soil layer humidity and the temperature effectively, specially soil layer humidity reduced 5.93%-6.4% in the mature period, reduced the rotten potato rate effectively, the commercial potato productive ratio comparison increased 25.96% . Using about 30 g the small potato could reduce the seed tuber amount used, reduce the production cost, obtain the maximum economic efficiency. Therefore, using small potato with the white film mulching and soil covering cultivation can effective enhance the commercial potato yield, the economic efficiency is the highest.