Sedentary behavior (SB) and low (insufficient) physical activity (LPA) are two complementary negative factors affecting cardiovascular health. Most of the current studies are devoted to the study of SB and physical activity (PA) of different intensity separately, while their combined effect has not been studied enough. The purpose was to analyze the literature on the assessment of combined SB+PA effect of different intensity on the general and cardiovascular health of a person. When preparing the review, a search was made for publications in the MedLine, Cochrane, Scopus databases, as well as electronic resources e-library, CyberLeninka and libraries of physical culture and sports universities in Russia for 2002-2022.Issues related to various SB+PA combinations and their effects on general and cardiovascular health are considered and discussed. The facts of the favorable effect of switching sedentary behavior on the same time moderate-intensity PA are presented. The presented data indicate the need for further study, taking into account the mutual substitution of SB and FA of different intensity.

A brief overview of the main areas of research presented in the section "Ecology and human health" at the XV International Scientific Conference "Physics and Radioelectronics in Medicine and Ecology - PhREME'2022," held on June 28-30, 2022 in Suzdal', is presented.

The state of health of the student youth continues to be of particular concern. The matters have been made worse by the consequences of coronavirus infection, which affected physical fitness and morphofunctional indicators of undergraduates. This article describes the results of the research conducted by the Department of Physical Education of Surgut State University in the academic year of 2021–2022. The purpose of the study was to reveal the dynamics in morphofunctional indicators and physical fitness of undergraduate students doing fitness during the academic year. The analysis revealed that second year woman students doing fitness during the academic year improved their morphofunctional indicators and physical fitness. However, it demonstrates negative changes as well. In othe authors’ opinion, this is due to the consequences of the pandemic and requires a more thorough analysis of this problem.

Introduction. One kind of mental work is the work of teachers. The combination of university professors’ labor activity of high social responsibility, social discomfort, low physical activity (PA) in university professors’ training causes high tension and, in some places, overstrain of the systems of regulation of vegetative functions. Aim of the study: the influence of physical activity on the health indices of university professors. Material and methods. Objects of study: professors (teachers) of Surgut State University (RF): of general profile (low physical activity) and sports profile (high PA). Authors applied physiological, questionnaire, statistical methods. Results. The questionnaire survey and showings of pedometer showed that for general teachers PA is much lower than for teachers of sports profile. The low percentage of teachers with a bodyweight index that qualifies for ‘normal’ proved the low PA. Among the reasons for low PA, teachers note a lack of time and high overload. Low PA is detrimental to health outcomes. Low PA affects the resistance of the organism, in particular the incidence. According to a questionnaire survey, 52.1% of general profile teachers reported having problems with the cardiovascular system, while 23.0% of sports profile teachers had the same diseases. General profile teachers in educational activities show a higher level of functional stress of the cardiovascular system. Low PA causes an imbalance of the ergotropic and trophotropic systems in the central nervous system. Simultaneously, sports profile teachers have more activation of the ergotropic system to induce adaptation mechanisms in general profile teachers using hypokinesia to activate the ergotropic system aimed at sanogenesis. Conclusion. Low PA reduces the functional activity of organs and systems, violates the regulatory mechanisms that ensure their relationship, which may affect the organism resistance by various adverse factors.

The paper aims to analyze physical activity (PA) intensity levels and PA domains in Surgut State University (SSU) students in comparison with their EU peers on a gender- and age-specific basis. Results. Surgut State University students (n = 376, including 160 males and 216 females) of different ages participated in the study. It was found that PA averaged 1804 and 1707 MET-min/week for male and female subsamples, respectively; the correlations were found between age and transportation PA (p = 0.0021), walking PA (p = 0.0021), total PA (p = 0.0253) for the female subsample; and between age and working PA (p = 0.0099), walking PA (p = 0.0278) and sedentary time (p = 0.001) for the male subsample. The gender-unspecific equations were obtained to rate the correlations between age and working PA (p = 0.0206), transportation PA (p = 0.0284), walking PA (p = 0.0001), total PA (p = 0.0086) and sedentary time (y = -3129 + 532x - 11.49x(2) r = 0.1479; p = 0.0041). Furthermore, correlations were found between sedentary time and body mass indices for the male subsample (y = -3283 + 425x -7.23x(2) r = 0.1578; p = 0.0463) and the gender-unspecific correlations for students' domestic/gardening PA (y = 1153 - 46x + 0.45x(2) r = -0.1321; p = 0.0103). The reported weekend sedentary time of SSU students was much higher than that of their peers from Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, with the female subsample weekend sedentary time being higher than in the male subsample both in SSU students (p = 0.0015) and EU countries (p = 0.0000). Conclusion. On the whole the study data and analysis showed SSU students' PA being inadequate for both gender groups.

International Physical Activity Questionnaire is commonly applied today to obtain internationally comparable data on health-related physical activity (PA). Aim. The purpose of the article is to determine the level and structure of daily physical activity in a sample of permanent residents of Surgut using the international IPAQ questionnaire. Methods. In this study, the author have made the first attempt for the last 20 years to apply a Russian version of the IPAQ to obtain data on the habitual physical activity and sedentary behavior of the Surgut city population on a sample of 1552 people (717 men and 835 women aged 34.4 ± 12.6 years) dominated by intellectual workers. Results. On the whole, the PA reported by the subjects was classified as of low (40.7 %), moderate (36.3 %) and vigorous (23.0 %) intensity. Physical activity was reported to ave­rage 25 min/day at work (23; 26 Confidence Interval [CI]); 17 min/day for transport (16; 19 CI); 18 min/day at home (17, 19 CI); and 12 min/ day at discretional (leisure) time (11, 13 CI). Dispersion analysis showed the work time PA reported notably higher for men (F (1, 1550) = = 26.676, p = 0.0000) and the transport time PA higher for women (F (1, 1550) = 21.801, p = 0.0000). The leisure-time PA was found gender-unspecific: F (1, 1550) = 0.00191, p = 0.9652). The sampled women reported more time spent for the housework: F (1, 1550) = = 39.338, p = 0.0000. The sedentary behavior was found to average 405 ± 125 min/day (6.75 hours per day that is the lower limit of the health risk zone) irrespective of the gender: F (1, 1550) = 1.3332, p = 0.2484. The study identified a few groups of people reporting variable combinations of sedentary behavior with moderate to vigorous physical activity per week. Conclusion. The study found that special PA optimization programs are critically needed to effectively scale down the share of inactive and increase the share of reasonably active population, advance the leisure-time PA and minimize the sedentary habits.

The aim is to determine the ratio of low physical activity (PA) to a high sedentary behavior (SB) and to change it in the experiment. Methods and organization of the research. We carried out descriptive (n = 425) and cross-sectional (n = 36) experiments using the IPAQ-RU questionnaire for a random group of elderly people in Surgut. Research results. The research revealed that the proportion of inactive elderly people was 36% among men, 48% among women. The proportion of moderately active women was 29%, men – 55%. The duration of the SB was 6-12 hours per day. Conclusion. Optimization of the PA and SB ratio provided a moderately intense PA (140-150 minutes) in elderly women and a decrease in SB time from 6.0 to 3.8 hours per day due to Nordic walking.

Objective of the study was to establish gender-specific characteristics of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in elderly people living in Yugra North. 295 residents of Surgut (102 men aged 62,9±5,3 years, 35%; 193 women aged 61,9±3,8 years, 65%) were subject to a IPAQ-RU questionnaire. The study revealed the gender-specific differences in body length and mass, body mass and body fat indices. It was detected that more energy is spent on the housework and physical activity in the country (moderate-intensity physical activity for women and high-intensity one for men). The study data showed no statistically significant gender-specific differences in general physical activity. Sedentary behavior is more popular among men rather than women (2543 vs 2441 min/week). 47% of low-active men and 56% of women reported the sitting times of 6-9 hours per day, 42% - 9-12 hours per day. Actions need to be taken to increase physical activity which is low at the moment and decrease sedentary behavior which is currently on the high level.

Aim. The aim of this article is to reveal consistent patterns of human cardiorespiratory system reaction to walking at different speeds depending on sex and age in the conditions of the urbanized Siberian North. Materials and Methods. We studied three groups of healthy volunteers. The group of young people (GY, 22.1 ± 2.6 years, n = 25: 12 men and 13 women), the group of middle-aged people (GM, 42.7 ± 9.3 years, n = 25: 12; 13) and the elderly group (GE, 66.2 ± 5.1 years, n = 24: 11, 13) performed walking on the treadmill at a speed of 2–7 km/h for 5 minutes at each speed. We used FitMet PRO analyzer (COSMED, Italy) to measure breathing frequency (FB, times/min), lungs ventilation (VE, l/min), oxygen consumption (PO2, ml/min), relative oxygen consumption (RPO2, ml/min/kg), heart rate (HR, bpm), and oxygen concentration in the exhaled air (KO2, %). Before the beginning of the study, we measured leg length (m), body length (m), and body weight (kg). Results. As walking speed increased from 2 to 7 km/h, relative oxygen consumption increased regularly in the young group by 14.6 ml/kg/min (2.46 times), in the middle-aged group by 17 ml/kg/min (2.72 times), and in the elderly group by 13.9 ml/kg/min (2.53 times). We registered the decrease in the slope of the dependence curves of relative oxygen consumption on heart rate in young and older women in comparison with young people and the people of middle and old age. Regression equations of the dependence of relative oxygen consumption on pulmonary ventilation (VO2 = –12.9 + 40.3Ve (r = .98, p = .0000) in young men and VO2 = 116.3 + 34.7Ve in girls (r = .97; p = .0000)) allow to determine oxygen consumption in the group of students in the classroom using a spirometer. Conclusion. The data obtained show that the reaction of the cardiorespiratory system of the persons of different ages in response to walking with a stepwise increasing rate is adequate. Decrease in the slope of the dependence curves of relative oxygen consumption on heart rate in young and elderly women in comparison with young people, middle-aged and elderly people indicates a possible decrease in the cardiorespiratory endurance of women from this sample.

Aim. To establish peculiarity of the influence of gonarthrosis on kinematics indices of the knee joint at people at the age of 45–60 with the help of markless motion method.Materials and methods. In the research 81 people took part. In the group of the control entered 42 people without symptomatic evidences of gonarthrosis, in the experimental group – 39 people with gonarthrosis of the 1 and 2 degrees at the age of 40 to 65. With the help of the markless motion method and software Brekel Pro Body» was made biomechanical analysis of the kinematics of knee joints.Results. It is established that people at the age of 40 to 65, suffering with gonarthrosis have authentically more angular moments of lateral mode of motions and rotations in knee joints.Conclusion. Under analysis of the kinematics of knee joints, between the control and the experimental groups were fixed significant differences (t-test, p < 0,01). Besides there were fixed differences between dominant and non-dominant limbs, which mean that the force of muscles of lower limbs can also be a modificative factor, which influences on the strain in joints that potentially can lead to the development and/or advance of degenerative damage in the knee joint.

Определены уровень и структура физической активности (ФА) в выборочной совокупности студентов классического (Сургутский госуниверситет, СурГУ) и технического вуза (филиал Тюменского государственного нефтегазового университета, ФТГНГУ). С помощью русской версии IPAQ опрошены 96 студентов СурГУ и 98 студентов ФТНГУ в возрасте 18-20 лет. Данные за 7 дней обрабатывали методом непараметрической статистики в соответствии с рекомендациями для англоязычной версии IPAQ. Расход энергии на ФА у студентов СурГУ существенно меньше, чем у студентов ФТНГУ, - 1222 (ДИ 765; 1681) против 3238 (ДИ 2580; 3895) МЕТ-мин/неделю, p=0,0001). Студенты ФТГНГУ тратили больше энергии на работу по дому - 745 (ДИ 590; 899) против 370 (ДИ 418; 670) - у студентов СурГУ (p = 0,05). Расход энергии на транспортировку (перемещение) и ФА на досуге студентов двух групп существенно не различался. На ФА умеренной интенсивности (3-6 МЕТ) студенты СурГУ тратили в неделю 131±12 мин, студенты ФТГНГУ - 231±22 мин (p = 0,0011). На ФА высокой интенсивности (более 6 МЕТ) студенты обеих выборок затрачивали в неделю немногим более 1 ч, СурГУ - 64±7 мин, ФТГНГУ - 62±14 мин. Время, проведенное за сидячими видами деятельности, достоверно больше (p = 0,0115) у студентов СурГУ (3014±106 мин) против 2648±97 мин у студентов ФТНГУ. Последние тратили на ходьбу на 100 мин больше. В данной выборке общая физическая активность студентов технического вуза выше, чем у студентов классического вуза.

Physical activity questionnaires are a recognized method of study of human activity associated with the manifestation of muscular efforts and energy consumption. There are many questionnaires effectively used by specialists to estimate industrial and household, recreational, health and fitness motor activity in different population groups. In the last decade the short and long versions of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in the form of brochures and telephone interviews are becoming more popular in many countries. Meanwhile, the Russian version of this widely-used questionnaire has not been presented yet. The purpose of the present research was to test the designed Russian long version of IPAQ among Surgut residents. IPAQ was developed to unify the comparative measurements of physical activity in different countries and cultural communities around the world. Using our Russian version of IPAQ the level and structure of everyday physical activity in Russia can be compared with those in other countries under common of methodological conditions. All in all, it can be concluded that our long version IPAQRU provides rather satisfactory differentiation of the indicators of physical activity and energy consumption in sections (physical activity at work, while moving, at home, at leisure, while sitting), as well as by intensity levels (mild, moderate, high). The work is to be continued with a sample with a wide range of professions where physical work is involved.

. Features of locomotor activity were researched in 651 students (mean age 19,2±3,2, women – 57,3%) and 100 adults, randomly selected (mean age 41,2±13,5, women – 45%), having different occupations and constantly living in Surgut. It was established that locomotor activity of students for 24 hours is 9031±3694 steps for boys and 8312±3532 steps for girls. Power inputs during walking are spent by boys is 240±105 kcal that higher (p<0,05) than in girls – 197±91 kcal. The low-est locomotor activity is marked in winter. Men take about 8696±2250 steps during a week, women take 6513±1902 steps (p<0,05). The lowest activity and low power inputs are marked on Sunday in women (3642 steps, 466 kcal), on Sunday and Monday in men (4241 steps, 523 kcal and 6707 steps, 523 kcal) in accordance. The volumes of quasi-attractors are defined depending on day a week. Measures on providing of physical activity on days-off are required.

It is common knowledge that physical activity is an effective method of prevention of a lot of diseases. Regular occupations of moderate intensity decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, myocardial infarction and other serious pathological changes in human body. The occupations of aerobics, shaping and other sports for all popular nowadays in fitness clubs require from people free time and funds which are frequently not enough. Independent occupations are more affordable, but need specific knowledge and place for conducting it. Therefore, recently constitutional walk has become popular in some countries. It is an easy, affordable and practical mean of changing human sedentary life. The purpose of the present study was to allocate the potentials of pedometer as a mean to record physical activity and train the walking habit. The study was carried out using special indicators - pedometers - miniature devices that record the number of steps made by a person within a certain period of time. According to the data in the foreign literature and based on personal observations, numerous researchers and practitioners in the field of fitness technologies are assumed to be trying not only to use pedometers widely to get information on the state of physical activity among various categories of the population, but also consider it as a method of motivation to occupations constitutional walking and jogging.