The article presents the results of the institution’s research work obtained in 2023. Research is focused on solving problems: accelerated creation of new varieties of horticultural crops based on the mobilization of bioresource collections using molecular genetic methods and digital technologies; ensuring environmental and economic sustainability and optimal productivity of perennial agrocenoses, as well as the quality and safety of preserved plant agricultural raw materials based on biologization and digitalization of technological processes. An analysis of the effectiveness of scientific and technical activities is given according to the criteria of research, publishing, publiсation, inventive activity, innovative, educational and financial and economic activities of a scientific institution. As a result of R&D, 115 completed developments of fundamental importance have received, forming the methodological and methodical basis for the creation of scientific and technical products of a priority applied level. Fundamentally new developments in applied research in the fields of knowledge relevant to the scientific institution were 81 developments that provide improvement in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of biocenotic and production processes in fruit and vineyards, technological processes during storage and processing of agricultural products. The gene pool is preserved – 7,253 samples of fruit, berry, nut crops and grapes, replenished with 127 varieties; clones were selected and 7 donors were identified and 53 sources for creating new varieties that combine high potential productivity, winter hardiness, drought resistance, sustainability to the most harmful diseases and pests. The State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in 2023 in the North Caucasus (6) region includes 3 varieties of apple trees, one grape variety, one clonal rootstock of small stone fruit crops, a rose variety bred by the scientific institution. Output products are registered in the USAIS electronic accounting database in the form of intellectual property for 99 completed developments. Regulatory documentation has been developed in the form of organizational standards, technological instructions and technical conditions for 37 completed developments.

The necessity of developing a system of regulators to ensure the sustainability of reproductive processes in industrial fruit growing is substantiated. An assessment of the efficiency of fruit production in the Russian Federation is given. The factors influencing the decrease in the stability of reproductive processes in industrial fruit growing are identified: an increase in the cost of purchased resources; high cost of finished products; a reduction in the share of subsidies in the created cost of planting; the insufficiency of agricultural producers’ own financial resources for carrying out planned plantings renovations, updating production infrastructure funds and carrying out current production activities. Functional imbalances in the organization of reproductive processes in industrial fruit growing have been identified: internal structural imbalances, high resource intensity of production and technological processes, non-compliance with optimal comparability of production and economic indicators. Generalizing criteria for the sustainability of reproductive processes are systematized: the ability of the system to withstand negative impacts of an economic and natural nature; increasing the possibilities of expanded reproduction of all used resources; ensuring qualitative changes in the production, socio-economic, environmental parameters of the system; increasing the conditions for subsequent improvements, preventing production declines. The article characterizes and evaluates the effectiveness of existing regulators to ensure the sustainability of reproductive processes in industrial fruit growing (macroeconomic, technical, technological and economic). A system of regulators has been developed to ensure the stability of reproductive processes in industrial fruit growing in functional areas of influence. An algorithm is proposed to substantiate the necessary dimensionality of regulators to ensure the stability of reproductive processes in industrial fruit growing.

This work substantiates the transition to biorational systems of plantation protection using low-toxic preparations to ensure high-quality yields. Regularities in the development of codling moth in Krasnodar Krai are revealed. During the period of 2021–2023, a 30% increase in the expenditures on protective measures in horticultural organizations of Krasnodar Krai was established. As a result, the production costs grew by an average of 17%, decreasing the entire efficiency of fruit production. This explains the need to develop modern protection systems for perennial plantations. Differentiated approaches to apple-tree protection from pests (on the example of codling moth), which are based on application of low-toxic chemical and biorational preparations according to phytophage development stages, are reviewed. An integrated system for protection of industrial fruit plantations in the Krasnodar Krai against coddling moth is proposed. The advantages of the proposed system over the existing approaches that apply highly toxic chemicals are described. These relate to the possibility of introducing flexible changes in protective measures in accordance with phytosanitary characteristics of orchards, including activation of local apple varieties and use of agrotechnical and biological methods based on toxicological monitoring. An ecological and economic evaluation of the integrated system of fruit plantation protection from codling moth is provided. This system enables a reduction in the background pesticide content in food chains (a 2-fold and 5-fold decrease in soils and fruits, respectively), a 1.3-fold reduction in pesticide load, the preservation of yield by more than 98% while complying with the regulations of ecological agrocenosis safety regulations, a 1.5-fold reduction in production costs, and a 10.5% increase in the product profitability.

The article presents a rationale for the biological effectiveness of protective measures for apple tree agrocenosis from dominant lepidopteran pests, which are based on the study of a single integral ecosystem of the garden. The patterns of development of fruit-damaging phytophages are presented, and an analysis of low-toxic means of protection is given according to the criteria of adaptability, biologization and rationality of environmental management. It was established that under conditions of increasing chemical and technogenic pressure on apple agrocenoses, under the influence of changing abiotic factors, the manifestation of high plasticity of lepidopteran pests was noted, which manifested itself in the rapid restoration of numbers during one growing season, the absence of a gap between generations; in the second half of the growing season there is a layering of summer of the first and second summer generations, the presence of all stages of pests simultaneously (codling moth and two-striped codling moth). An analysis of insecticides was carried out in order to identify effective drugs for use in adaptive systems for protecting apple tree plantings from lepidopteran pests based on the use of highly effective biorational, low-toxic chemical and biological drugs of a new generation, with updated technological characteristics: reducing pesticide pressure on the agrocenosis, obtaining high quality crops, stabilization phytosanitary situation. It has been established that the most effective and safe method against lepidopteran pests is chemoregulatory, which is based on the use of chitin synthesis inhibitors; they account for 80% of the total number of drugs with this mechanism of action. The effectiveness of such insecticides against codling moth and double-striped codling moth is 90–98%.

The necessity of developing digital technologies for managing biotechnological processes in long-term agrocenoses based on cognitive modeling is substantiated. Methodological approaches to the construction of effective management tools for biotechnological processes based on the logical concept of the triad (organization, management, efficiency) in a dynamic cycle have been developed. An algorithm for the formation of digital technologies for managing biotechnological processes is proposed, including: the formation of multifunctional databases and data banks and digital applications, cognitive modeling of system relationships and the formation of cognitive maps, the development of a system architecture of a prototype program, approbation and verification of the adequacy of a digital application. An algorithm has been developed for constructing cognitive models for the formation of management tools for biotechnological processes in long-term agrocenoses, including clarification of goal setting and local tasks; the distribution of functional relationships between the structural components of the agrocenosis using methods of correlation and regression analysis; economic and statistical characteristics of systemic relationships in reproductive processes by functional areas of influence using correlation matrices and discriminant analysis; verification of the results of optimization of parameters of functional stability and technological and economic efficiency of production and technological processes. A cognitive process management map is constructed using the example of protecting fruit plantations from pests. A flowchart of an algorithm for building a digital control program for biotechnological processes for protecting fruit plantations is proposed using the example of an apple moth, which provides for the development of a technology for importing data from a weather station to determine the sum of effective temperatures and determine the start of processing depending on the stage of development of the pest; neural network technologies for detecting a harmful object; a module for automated selection of a protection system. Key words: DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, MANAGEMENT, BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES, PLANT PROTECTION, COGNITIVE MODELING, ALGORITHM, MODEL

The necessity of developing multifactorial models for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses with the participation of orchard crops and grapes is substantiated. The factors influencing the sustainability and efficiency of the production of fruit products and grapes in the Krasnodar region have been identified. Cognitive models for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses based on technological processes of elements of the fruit and grape-growing management system have been developed. Models for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes are based on cognitive methods of analysis and digital technologies, taking into account the identified systemic relationships in reproductive processes in functional areas of impact according to criteria of efficiency; biologization; environmental management. Cognitive models have made it possible to identify multifunctional relationships in reproductive processes in functional areas of influence, the optimization of which is the basis for the development of digital technologies. The results of cognitive modeling will be the basis for solving applied problems to increase the productivity of fruit agrocenoses, reduce the level of chemical and anthropogenic load on their elements and optimize the costs of production of industrial products. normative parametric model of the stability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses with the participation of orchard crops and grapes has been developed. The tools for managing biotechnological processes in the elements of agrocenosis are proposed. Key words: MODELS, MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, COGNITIVE MODELING, COGNITIVE MAPS, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, EFFICIENCY

The necessity of increasing the technological and economic efficiency of viticulture is substantiated. The assessment of the influence of negative manifestations of chemical and technogenic intensification factors in viticulture on the stability of agrocenoses with the participation of grape plantations is given. The priority role of biotechnologies in ensuring the stability of grape agrocenoses to negative manifestations caused by an increase in chemical and man-made loads, which are a set of industrial methods that use living organisms and biological processes for the production of industrial products, is substantiated. The basic principles on which the biologization of protective measures of vineyards is based are considered. The effectiveness of the main methods of biological protection of industrial vineyards is assessed, the use of which will reduce the negative impact of xenobiotics on the environment, material costs for the purchase of insecticides in the cultivation of products and ensure the development of optimal agrotechnological solutions for the protection of perennial plantations, which will contribute to the growth of technological and economic efficiency of industrial production.

Background. Cultivation of scab-resistant apple cultivars with better fruit storability increases the economic efficiency and environmental friendliness of horticulture. Hence, the development of such cultivars is an important task in modern apple-tree breeding. Materials and methods. A set of 646 hybrid plants obtained in six cross combinations (Renet Simirenko/Modi, Renet Simirenko/Smeralda, Renet Simirenko/Renoir, Renet Simirenko/Fujion, Renoir/Granny Smith, and Modi/Granny Smith) was studied. Their scab resistance was assessed under natural infection pressure for two years using a quantitative scale. The Rvi6 gene was identified using the PCR analysis with the primer pair VfC1+VfC. The Md-ACS1 gene alleles were detected with a known SCAR DNA marker. The chi-square test was applied for statistical confirmation of the data. Results. Based on the DNA marker analysis, 328 plants carrying the dominant allele of the Rvi6 gene were identified. The results of the phenotypic resistance assessment confirmed the correspondence of the resistant phenotype / dominant allele of the gene for most plants. Molecular genetics analysis of the Md-ACS1 gene disclosed its allelic combinations. A total of 190, 322, and 126 plants carrying allelic variants of Md-ACS1-2/2 , Md-ACS1-1/2 , and Md-ACS1-1/1 , respectively, were identified. Among the plants with the dominant allele of the scab resistance Rvi6 gene, 92 plant forms were identified with Md-ACS1 -2/2, and 143 heterozygous ones ( Md-ACS1-1/2 ), also valuable for breeders. Conclusion. A wide range of apple breeding forms carrying valuable alleles of the Rvi6 and Md-ACS1 genes were selected. Hybrid forms with target alleles of both genes responsible for important agronomic traits would contribute to the intensification of breeding efforts aimed at producing scab-resistant apple cultivars with increased fruit storability. They can also be used for breeding purposes as complex donors.

The necessity of forming structural-parametric models of normative management of the stability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses is substantiated. Modern methods of managing the sustainability of reproductive processes in complex natural and man-made systems are considered: cognitive analysis and promising digital technologies. A structural model of the functional stability of reproductive processes in perennial agrocenoses has been developed, representing a hierarchical system that determines the structure of the relationships of functions and elements of reproductive processes, including the parameters of these relationships. An algorithm for the formation of a structural model of stability parameters has been developed, including the identification of functional areas of impacts; the formation of a system of evaluation indicators; the identification of functional ecological-economic and technological-economic relationships and the determination of their dimension; assessment of system-wide and functional stability of reproduction processes; determination of stability criteria and a system of restrictions; econometric modeling in order to determine the rational parameters of the stability of reproduction processes. The role of biotechnologies in ensuring the potential stability of agrocenoses, leveling the negative consequences as a result of climatic and chemical-man-made impacts on the elements of agrocenosis is substantiated. The tools of management of biotechnological processes in the elements of agrocenosis according to the criteria of adaptability, biologization and rational nature management are proposed. The normative-parametric model of ensuring the stability of reproductive processes has been developed, the main purpose of which is to substantiate the regulators (tools) of bringing the system to a stable state. The effectiveness of the adjustment of agrotechnological regulations in order to bring the indicators of the state of the agroecosystem to the normative level of stability is substantiated.

In this work, we investigate the harmful effect of codling moth in industrial fruit plantations of Krasnodar Krai. An analysis of growing expenditures on protective measures is carried out in connection with the high dynamics of macroeconomic processes and sanction measures. A correlation between the distribution of codling moth and the magnitude of climate change is noted. The need to increase the efficiency of measures aimed at the development and implementation of plantation and crop protection is highlighted. According to long-term research studies into the bioecological features of the phytophage development during vegetation, its following adaptation features are established: high adaptivity to variable weather conditions; high potential of pest resurgence during one vegetation period; changes in the pest phenology; an increase in the overall number of pests in those sections of the orchard where trees grow for 15–16 years and more. A scheme for the automated control of monitoring processes, optimum regime selection, application of biorational systems of efficiency control based on digital technologies is proposed. The technology for managing biotechnological processes of fruit plantation protection is described in terms of functional components, including the formation of a system of ecological and economic parameters of implementing insecticides against harmful pests; development of multivariant models and adaptive instruments of phytosanitary stability management of apple-tree agrocenoses based on the criteria of biologicalization, ecologization, and rational nature management; monitoring of the number of pest populations; phytosanitary stability of apple-tree plantations; regulations for effective and safe use of biorational, low-toxic chemical and biological preparations of new generation in apple-tree plantations; evaluation of the action of the studied preparations on non-target organisms. The latter include fruit analysis for the presence of residual amounts of background and impact pesticides, determination of phytotoxic effects of used preparations on the protected plants, evaluation of the studied preparations action on associated pests. A comparative study of available technologies for crop protection against codling moth is carried out. The efficiency of biological methods in the field of crop protection is substantiated.

The necessity of developing models for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes in long-term agrocenoses with the participation of grapes is substantiated. The main trends in the grapegrowing industry development in the Russian Federation and the Krasnodar Territory are revealed. The factors affecting the level of stability and efficiency of reproduction processes in long-term agrocenoses with the participation of grapes are determined. Methodological bases for the formation of cognitive models for managing the stability of reproductive processes in ampelocenoses are proposed. A cognitive map of the model for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes in long-term agrocenoses with the participation of grapes has been constructed, which allows to give a statistical assessment of the functional relationships between factorial and resultant indicators characterizing various types of functional and system-wide sustainability of agroecosystems with the participation of grapes. The tools for managing the sustainability of reproductive processes in complex natural and man-made systems are defined.

Factors affecting the stability and efficiency of reproduction processes in industrial viticulture have been identified. Destructive changes in the elements of grape agrocenosis in the conditions of changing climatic factors and chemical-technogenic intensification of production are determined. A generalizing characteristic of the biologization of intensification processes in industrial viticulture is given. It is established that the strategic appearance of promising technologies in viticulture is determined by modern methods of process biologization and their management based on digital technologies. The functional content of digitalization of management of biotechnological processes in grape agrocenoses is identified. An algorithm for the formation of digital technologies for managing biotechnological processes is proposed, including: the formation of multifunctional databases and data banks on technology elements, the formation of digital applications, the formation of an empirical database and geocoded collection of information on technological operations, cognitive modeling of system relationships and the formation of cognitive maps that determine the influence of external and internal environmental factors on functional areas of influence, the development of a system program prototype architectures, approbation and verification of the adequacy of digital technologies. An assessment of the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in the management of biotechnological processes in viticulture is given.

Рассмотрена социально-экономическая значимость современной виноградо-винодельческой отрасли АПК и выявлены тенденции ее развития. Проанализированы произошедшие за последние 10 лет изменения в отечественном виноделии и обоснована необходимость решения актуальной практической задачи: систематизации в базы данных экспериментальных результатов по специфическим показателям состава видов винодельческой продукции для обеспечения защиты наименований от возможной фальсификации и разработки цифровых технологий управления качеством и безопасностью винодельческой продукции. Определены характерные черты стратегического облика перспективных технологий в виноделии. Доказана необходимость цифровизации процессов управления качеством винодельческой продукции. Рассмотрен алгоритм цифровой технологии управления качеством винодельческой продукции, предусматривающий формирование многофункциональных баз и банков данных по технологическим процессам, формирование цифровых приложений, формирование эмпирической базы данных и геокодированный сбор информации по количественно-качественным показателям винодельческой продукции, выявление системных взаимосвязей и формирование когнитивных карт, разработку системной архитектуры прототипа программы, апробацию и проверку адекватности цифровых технологий. Дана оценка эффективности применения цифровых технологий в управлении качеством и безопасностью винодельческой продукции. The socio-economic significance of the modern grape-wine industry of the agroindustrial complex is considered and the trends of its development are revealed. The changes that have occurred in the domestic winemaking over the past 10 years are analyzed and the need for solving an urgent practical problem is justified: systematization of experimental results in databases on specific indicators of the composition of types of wine products to ensure the protection of names from possible falsification and the development of digital technologies for quality and safety management of wine products. The characteristic features of the strategic appearance of promising technologies in winemaking are determined. The necessity of digitalization of quality management processes of wine products is proved. The algorithm of digital technology of quality management of wine products is considered, which provides for the formation of multifunctional databases and data banks on technological processes, the formation of digital applications, the formation of an empirical database and geocoded collection of information on quantitative and qualitative indicators of wine products, the identification of system relationships and the formation of cognitive maps, the development of a system architecture of a prototype program, approbation and verification of the adequacy of digital technologies. An assessment of the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in the management of quality and safety of wine products is given.

An economic and statistical assessment of the stability of agroecosystems with grape agrocenoses is given on the example of economic entities of the Krasnodar Krai with a calculated justification of integral indicators of the system-wide stability of agroecosystems and an analysis of the dynamics of their condition. The main elements of grape agrocenosis, in which bio-resource deformations are most manifested, were determined as follows: biocenosis, soil and soil microbiota, pathocenosis. Functional areas of bio-resource deformations in grape agrocenoses were revealed. Negative manifestations of chemical and technogenic intensifi cation were determined as leading to bio-resource deformation, namely: decreased pathogen sensitivity to chemical preparations used; complex negative consequences of increasing technogenic load; decreased immune status of plants. The above effects determine a general decrease in crop capacity and potential productivity. The share of influence of the factors on bio-resource deformations of grape agrocenoses and production efficiency was substantiated. The levels of reduction of eff ectiveness and stability of reproductive processes as a result of negative manifestation of bio-resource deformations in viticultural agrocenoses were identified as disturbances in reproductive processes and rationality of nature management. The priority role of biotechnologies based on molecular biology and biochemistry was determined as increasing the stability of grape agrocenoses, decreasing the chemical and technogenic load on agroecosystems, leveling the negative manifestations caused by these effects, and ensuring optimal technological and economic efficiency. The algorithm for formation and application of digital technologies for leveling the functional imbalances in the organization of reproductive processes caused by the negative influence of external (natural) environment factors is proposed, including: formation of multifunctional bases and data banks by the elements of viticulture system; formation of digital applications and an empirical database; identification of functional areas of bio-resource deformations; cognitive modeling of systemic relationships that determine the influence of chemical and technological processes on the bio-resource potential* (hereditary ability of a cultivated plant in all its life manifestations, levels and properties of its organization to reproduce a certain amount of production of a certain quality under specific soil, climate and technogenic conditions); development of a system architecture for a prototype of software and selection of programming language, validation and verification of models of digital technologies for bio-resource potential management; determination of optimal parameters for realization of bio-resource potential and ecological and economic sustainability of agro-ecosystems involving grape agrocenoses. The paper presents a technological and economic assessment of the use of digital technologies in ensuring the sustainability of grape agrocenoses and achieving optimal parameters of biotechnological processes.