In world agriculture, the tomato plays a leading role due to its high nutritional properties, high yields, adaptive abilities and a wide range of uses in fresh, culinary and processing industries. The global tomato market volume is more than 160 million tons. In the ranking of countries, Russia is in 6th place in terms of area and 11th in terms of gross production of tomatoes. Unfortunately, at the moment, a significant part of tomato seed material is imported. The implementation of the import substitution program creates the need to develop domestic breeding and seed production of this crop. The purpose of these studies was to conduct a breeding assessment of parental tomato lines for productivity traits based on statistical analysis methods and to identify promising source material for further breeding work to develop highly productive hybrids. As a result of the research, three best combinations were identified in terms of productivity of hybrids: 2f2-16(8-2) x Veneta, 108t/20 x Victor and 2f216(8-2) x Victor, which have a positive effect of specific combining ability, have average and high positive effects of the general combining ability of both maternal and paternal lines. Two maternal lines 108t/20 and 3f-14 showed a positive general combining ability for early and total productivity and its components. therefore, these parents can be successfully used in future breeding programs.

Diseases of agricultural crops are the main reason for decreased yield and quality of product. Blast (causative agent: Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) is the most harmful disease on rice fields. Economic damage caused by the pathogen is significant in all areas of the world’s rice cultivation. The most effective, economically justified and environmentally friendly strategy for combating it is development of resistant varieties. The application of DNA markers linked to loci of resistance to blast is relevant in this area. This makes it possible to significantly shorten the breeding process and promptly develop disease-resistant rice forms. In this regard, the aim of the work was to develop source material for breeding as well as highly productive rice varieties and lines with genes of resistance to blast based on the use of molecular marking method. To achieve this goal, we have launched a program since 2007 aimed at introduction of the blast resistance Pi-ta gene, effective for the south of Russia, into the domestic rice cultivar Flagman. After a number of recurrent crosses, the breeding material was obtained, which was studied for economically valuable traits in breeding nurseries. As a result of evaluation and rigorous discarding as well as according to the results of a phytopathological test for blast resistance, several lines were identified that have high indicators of milled rice quality, resistance to blast, yield and economically valuable traits. Rice accession KP-171-14 with the Pi-ta gene, adapted to growing conditions in the south of Russia, resistant to the Krasnodar population of P. oryzae, and having high yield and grain quality, in 2017 was submitted for State Variety Trials (SVT) under the name Alyans. Accessions KP-30 and KP-23 are tested for economically valuable traits and disease resistance in competitive variety trials. The best accession will be submitted to SVT. The introduction and cultivation of such varieties will reduce the use of chemical protection products, obtain environmentally friendly agricultural products and avoid contamination of grain ecosystems

Rice seeds at each stage of ripening are characterized by a certain state, structure and moisture. Such properties of rice as germination, nature, quality and duration of storage depend on moisture content. Biochemical processes in the grain do not end at the filling stage, but continue for some post-harvest period. To safely preserve the rice gene pool, it is necessary to clarify the effect of seed maturity and storage time on seed quality. The varietal characteristics of rice seeds were studied using 8 Kuban varieties harvested on days 35 and 45 after flowering. The structural-phase state of freshly harvested grain and after 5, 10 days of ripening in natural conditions at room temperatures, and then the dynamics of sowing qualities after 1, 6 and 10 months of storage are discussed. The following parameters were studied: moisture, germination, length of the seedling and seed root, mass of 1000 grains. Differences in the moisture yield of grain of different degrees of maturity, varieties with different types of grain are shown. The results of the evaluation of rice physico-chemical indicators at the end of post-harvest ripening are presented. Varieties with slow moisture yield during ripening were distinguished by increased grain size: Yakhont, Rubin, Thaibonne and Zlata. The germination of seeds increased as they ripened, compared with freshly harvested ones, after a month it increased by almost 50%, and reached its maximum value by 6 months of storage, after 10 months, on average, germination for the group of varieties has already decreased by 6%. The stage of seed harvesting significantly influenced the germination rates.

The basis of an effective breeding process is the genetic analysis of the inheritance of traits, which makes it possible to select the source material and form the optimal scheme for developing hybrids. The main criterion for assessing the quantitative traits of parental lines is combining ability. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the combining ability for productivity and its components of 5 maternal lines of tomato with functional male sterility and 6 lines of testers (pollinators) with the subsequent selection of the best parents and their further use in developing heterotic hybrids. Using the methods of traditional breeding, guided by the methodology for assessing two genetically different sets of parental lines proposed by V.K. Savchenko, the results were obtained to determine the combining ability of the lines according to the characteristics: “plant productivity”, “average fruit weight” and “number of fruits per plant”. The effects of the total and specific combining ability of the material under study have been determined. The most promising lines for further breeding work on the development of new highly productive domestic tomato hybrids have been identified. Maternal line Cu1-36 (8) and testers LG-1212/11 and LG-1174/09 showed the maximum positive effects of TCA in terms of productivity and the number of fruits per plant. The results obtained in 2020 showed that the most productive hybrids (Cu1-36 (8) xLG-1174/09, St543xLG-1174/09, Sf04 (19) xLG-1174/09 and St644xLG-1212/11) were obtained with the participation of paternal lines with a high TCA value. The average weight of the fruit is more influenced by the combining abilities of the maternal lines. The effects of SCA in these combinations are high and medium.

The geographical location and relief of the Krasnodar Territory determines a wide variety of agro-climatic and agro-technological conditions for the production of crops. On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory there is the largest part of agricultural land intended for the production of rice crops in Russia. Annual infection of rice plants with pathogenic Piricularia Orizae Cav. due to a wide range of strain diversity and indicates a significant dependence of the population genotype on the territorial distribution area. Therefore, the identification of zones that determine the conditions for the spread of blast within the population plays an important role in studying the dynamics of pathogen development in the territory of rice cultivation. The results of the research work showed that the Krasnodar rice growing area has a uniform landscape without sharp changes in the relief profile. The location of adjacent geographical objects affects the agro-climatic conditions of the southern part of the territory, which indicates the likelihood of isolation of the population of rice blast strains in the southern part of the rice growing area. An analysis of the agricultural zoning of the Krasnodar Territory showed the isolation of the southern part of the rice-growing territory according to the characteristics of the soil cover and the isolation of the conditions of agrotechnological measures. Features of the water regime of the irrigation systems of the Krasnodar Territory indicate the differentiation of the factors of infection and the spread of the pathogen on the basis of the isolation of irrigation flows. The territory has a clear division along the channels of the Kuban and Protoka rivers.

An urgent problem in tomato breeding is the development of universal varieties and hybrids that combine high yields and good fruit quality with group resistance to a number of diseases. The purpose of this study is to develop tomato breeding material resistant to biotic stressors, basing on modern postgenomic technologies using molecular markers. At the initial stage, we tested microsatellite markers from foreign literature sources, the primers used in the study were synthesized by Syntol LLC, samples from the collection of FSBSI Federal Scientific Center for Biological Plant Protection and FSBSI Federal Scientific Rice Centre were studied under the conditions of Krasnodar region. PCR conditions for identifying the target Ph -3 gene in the tomato plant material used in the breeding process were optimized. Thus, in our study on the testing of microsatellite markers to identify the target Ph-3 resistance gene in the tomato genetic material, we selected 3 informative microsatellite markers R2M1S, G8-1, R1-3U, which reveal the allelic difference between susceptible and resistant samples.

This paper presents the varietal structure of rice crops and the results of ecological variety tests in the Krasnoarmeisky district of Krasnodar region for 2016-2019. It also identifies the promising varieties taking into account the acreage of sowing and crop productivity. A rice varietal complex has been developed for the conditions of the Krasnoarmeisky district. Despite certain external similarities and the same productive potential of the varieties offered for production, they differed in biological and technological indicators, i.e. in relation to environmental factors and responsibility to technologies. In this regard, the formation of the varietal structure of rice crops, the main thing is to identify the most productive varieties for each district and farm, taking into account the agro-ecological quality of the land, the cultivation technology and the predecessor by making environmental and production tests.

为获得具有优良直播特性的种质,以俄罗斯引进的10份水稻资源为材料,研究中胚轴长度、低温发芽能力和淹水条件下发芽率等与水稻直播相关的特性.结果表明:'LIDER'、'ATLANT'和'OLIMP'低温条件下萌发速度最快,'LIDER'、'OLIMP'、'ATLANT'、'NATASHA'、'ISTOK'和'PARTNER'具有较好的低温发芽能力;'ATLANT'、'ISTOK'、'RAPANZ'、'GAMMA'、'OLIMP'和'SONET'的中胚轴长度与'绿香粳28'在5％水平上达显著差异;在缺氧条件下,所有的品种间的发芽率均达极显著差异,但俄罗斯品种均优于对照.在所有引进的俄罗斯10品种中,'ATLANT'与直播相关的综合性状最为突出,中胚轴长度、低温发芽能力和淹水条件下发芽率均极显著优于对照品种.

This article presents the results of the development of a methodology for describing the main morphological and cultural traits of the Pyricularia oryzae Cav. strains widespread in the south of Russia. At the same time, the types of traits are identified and listed, which make it possible to unambiguously determine the uniqueness and variety of the pathogen. The relationships and patterns established using cluster and statistical analysis make it possible to identify the conditions for the development of a pathogen that determine its predominant forms. Thus, research shows that leaf forms of P. oryzae strains isolated from rice plants with leaf form of blast disease have an equally directional growth pattern of a colony with a felt structure, and strains isolated from neck-affected plant form often produce a zone of a colony with a clumpy structure. The classification of cultural traits will make it possible to obtain scientifically grounded and comparable data that can be used in the analysis of the interaction of P. oryzae strains with rice plants on various varieties and in various agro-technological conditions in order to improve and rationalize agricultural activities. The study opens up the possibility of using data in breeding, making it possible to identify forms of a pathogen that infect certain varieties.

In modern economic conditions, commodity producers need rice varieties that meet specific production requirements. The highest yields are provided by rice varieties that are most fully adapted to cultivation conditions, primarily to soil and climatic conditions, as well as to the material and technical level of production, the state of the rice irrigation system, and the requirements for environmental protection. The article presents the results of an industrial assessment in the transitional delta agrolandscape area of the rice cultivation zone of Krasnodar region. Analysis of the yield and technological indicators of the rice grain quality made it possible to identify varieties adapted to the conditions of “Kubris” LLC, Krasnoarmeyskiy district: Alliance, Veles, Favorit, Yubileiny 85. The average yield for three years was 84.1 c/ha, 82.7 c / ha, 73.6 c/ a, 85.9 c/ha, respectively. Compliance with the technology of growing, harvesting and post-harvest processing on the farm allows ensuring a high milling yield within the range of 65-69 % with a head rice content of 48-59 %. Growing these rice varieties on the farm will effectively develop production by realizing the potential of the variety and obtain high-quality rice grits.

The analysis of grain damage in the form of dark spots of Russian rice varieties grown in Krasnodar region in 2011-2020 has been carried out. Rice grain was damaged during the filling period, mainly in full ripeness. The high degree of damage was the reason for the deterioration of grain quality. The degree of damage varied over the years. 2011 and 2012 were characterized by a high content of damaged grains (up to 3-20%). The degree of damage to rice grain was different in different agar-landscape zones of Krasnodar region: in the Krasnoarmeysky district it was higher than in the Abinsky. On panicles of variety Rapan without stinkbugs, one caryopsis with damage was found, while on panicles with stinkbugs, their number increased to 12.4-20.3%. In variety Kurazh, damage to caryopses in the form of dark spots on panicles with stinkbugs reached 10.1-19.1%. A significant increase in the degree of damage to rice grain stored in storage began in 2011. In 2011, the content of damaged grains increased by more than 1%, in 2012 it reached 8.3% in the Slavyansky district. Since 2013, the degree of damage to rice grain in the field began to decrease. It is concluded that the damage is associated with the pathogenic effect on the plant and the caryopsis of bug insects with a piercing-sucking mouth apparatus. Damage to caryopses was insignificant in 2015-2020.

According to FAOSTAT, in 2018-2019 rice was planted in 118 countries on an area of 167 million hectares, the annual grain production in the world is about 782 million tons. Rice is the most popular cereal in the diet of the Russian consumer. Rice growing is a small but rather important branch of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The main rice producers in the world are China (over 214 million tons), India (over 172 million tons), Indonesia (83 million tons), Bangladesh (56 million tons), Vietnam (44 million tons), Thailand (32 million tons) and Myanmar (25 million tons). In the Russian Federation, rice is grown in three federal districts, in nine subjects: in the Southern Federal District - the Republic of Adygea, Kalmykia, Krasnodar, Astrakhan and Rostov Regions; North Caucasian Federal District - Republics of Dagestan and Chechen; Far Eastern Federal District - Primorsky Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region. Scientific support of the rice-growing industry in the Russian Federation is carried out by the Federal Scientific Rice Centre.

In solving the issues of modern rice growing, the central place is occupied by development of new varieties and their timely introduction into production.The assortment of rice varieties of Kuban breeding is annually replenished with more productive ones with increased resistance to adverse biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors, with different culinary qualities.The yield of the variety is one of the main indicators of value and the main requirement of production.This article presents the results of ecological variety testing of 20 rice varieties over three years (2016-2018) on the territory of private company "Rice" in Republic of Adygea.The variability of yield and the number of productive stems per unit area are determined for every variety.The average and weak intervarietal variability of productive crop density (13.9%; 10.3% and 13.5%) and yield (12.4%; 9.2% and 9.9%) during the study period is associated with the level of agricultural technology of the farm.Varieties of Krasnodar breeding: Polevik, Patriot, Favorit, Apollon, Veles, as well as foreign ones -Galla (Italy) and Yatkyn (Turkey), which formed a significantly high yield with its insignificant variability, are recommended for cultivation in "Rice" company (Republic of Adygea).

In obtaining stable and high rice yields, the leading role belongs to the use of the best varieties, harmoniously combining productivity and technological indicators of grain and milled rice quality, adapted for cultivation in the main rice-growing regions. Therefore, the aim of our research is to evaluate new rice genotypes by a set of economically valuable traits that can replace obsolete varieties in the sowing area of the region and the country as a whole for industry efficiency. Experimental plots of competitive variety testing (CVT) were laid on the territory of the rice irrigation system of the experimental production department of the Federal Scientific Rice Centre, Belozerny, Krasnodar region for three years. The results are processed by analysis of variance and correlation analysis. All new varieties formed dense panicles of 10.0-11.9 pcs / cm with a sufficient number of fertile spikelets 139.7-165.9 pcs. on average, which is responsible for the high grain content of agrophytocenosis 44.1-58.2 thousand units/m2. Hence the high grain yield - 9.2-10.2 t / ha with a good combination of the main technological indicators - the mass of 1000 grains and head rice content. The closeness of the interconnections of the main economically valuable traits and the heat supply of the growing season is determined. Four varieties (except VNIIR 10284) show a neutral yield response to one of the main factors of external influence on the plant - the sum of effective temperatures above 15 ° C. According to the results of the test, for three years in CVT and in the environmental testing, the variety Romans was transferred to State variety testing, VNIIR 10279 is being prepared for transfer.

The technological grain quality traits of varieties of the Federal Scientific Rice Centre (Rapan., Rapan 2, Favorit, Nautilus, Yakhont, Olimp, Patriot) grown in the old-delta and valley agrolandscape zones of Krasnodar region (Russia) in 2017–2019 were studied. The studied rice varieties are included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use in the North Caucasus region in 2014-2019, Rapan 2 is under state variety testing. Most of the varieties under study showed the highest values of grain quality traits in the valley agrolandscape in 2019, in the old-delta - in 2018, which indicates the reaction of the varieties to agroclimatic conditions of vegetation. The best varieties for grain quality on the basis of low variability in the aggregate of all quality traits were recognized as Favorit for the valley agrolandscape zone of Krasnodar region (predecessor – fallow field), and Rapan 2 for the old delta agrolandscape zone (predecessor - winter wheat). According to the absolute values of the traits characterizing the yield and milled rice quality, the best variety in the valley agrolandscape was Yakhont, and in the old-delta, Nautilus. The placement of rice varieties in agrolandscape zones of Krasnodar region is recommended taking into account their reaction to agroclimatic conditions of cultivation.