Relevance. In many countries plants have long been used in folk medicine as a source of medicines, as they are well tolerated, gradual development of therapeutic effect and a mild effect on the body. Due to these features such medicines are being safely used in the treatment and prevention of exacerbations of chronic diseases: of cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, pathologies of the urinary tract, etc., and also as a rehabilitation therapy after past diseases. The purpose of the study is to systematize and generalize the data of world literature concerning the general health-improving and tonic properties study of plants growing in the Republic of Buryatia. Material and methods. In this work used publication materials from the PubMed and е-library databases, search.rsl. The keyword search: restorative, tonic effect, herbal medicines, medicinal plants of Buryatia, biologically active substances, Astragalus membranaceus, Saposhnikovia divaricatа, Scutellaria baicalensis, Sedum roseum, Crataegus sangunea. The survey comprises the data of foreign and national articles, published on the topic during last 20 years. Conclusions. All the plants listed in this review are used for thousands of years in the Tibetan medicine. Based on the analysis of the presented literature data, their range of medicinal use is much wider, then the applications in modern clinical practice. The information reported in this review may be the basis for the development of new herbal medicines, including officinal mixture, with specified pharmacological properties.

Introduction. Plant-based drugs and medicines are used in medical practice for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases: chronic gastritis and/or gastroduodenitis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. The purpose of the work is to study and evaluate of anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of jujuba fruits (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) polyextract. Material and methods. Experimental samples of CO2 extract, alcoholic extract, thick extract, dry extract and polyextract of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill fruits were studied. Biological activity of the samples was evaluated using a specific enzyme biotest system based on inducible NO synthase in vitro. The acute toxicity affecting the exudative phase of the acute reaction was studied in a model of formaldehyde edema of the paw of mice, as a result of screening the polyextract of jujube fruits which has the most pronounced pharmacological activity, and also studied its antiulcer effect on an ethanol model of damage to the gastric mucosa in rats. Results. As a result of screening studies using a specific enzyme biotest system based on inducible NO synthase, immunomodulatory properties were discovered in all experimental jujube fruit extracts. Polyextract of jujube fruits demonstrated the most pronounced immunomodulatory therefore it was chosen for further pharmacological studies. In accordance with the classification of toxicity of chemical substances according to the standards of the Russian Federation, polyextract of jujube fruits is a low-toxic substance. The polyextract has an anti-inflammatory effect, it suppresses the development of the exudative phase of inflammation in a model of formaldehyde edema of mouse paws. A significant gastroprotective effect of the polyextract of the fruits of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill was revealed in an experimental model of rat gastric ulcer caused by the administration of ethanol. Conclusions. Polyextract of jujube fruits has a wide range of biological activity: immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and is also a low-toxic substance. This extract is promising for further in-depth study and the creation of a new effective herbal medicine based on it.

Introduction. The search for new medicines, including those of plant origin, for the treatment of diseases of the hepatobiliary system is relevant and timely. A promising source for the development of hepatoprotective drugs is golden volodushka (Bupleurum aureum L.). To date, a large evidence base has been accumulated for the biochemical study of this plant, its pharmacological activity has been scien-tifically proven. Good stocks of golden volodushka in the wild, the simplicity of its harvesting and the possibility of cultivation were noted. The VILAR State Medical University has developed a method for obtaining volodushka golden herb extract of dry. Aim. The study of the pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of volodushka golden (Bupleurum aureum L.) herb extract of dry in case of liver damage under experimental conditions. Material and methods. In the studies, white non-linear male rats with a body weight of 180-200 g were used. Volodushka extract was studied at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. The comparison drug was silimar at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Experimental CCl4 – induced hepatitis in rats was caused by a single subcutaneous injection of 50% carbon tetrachloride oil solution one hour after the last administration of the studied extract and the comparison drug. After 48 hours, blood was taken from the tail vein of rats, serum was obtained and its biochemical analysis was carried out. Next, the rats eu-thanized in a CO2 chamber and the liver extracted for pathophysiological evaluation. Tetracycline hepatitis was caused by intragastric administration of tetracycline to animals at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Then, after 48 hours, blood was taken from the animals, serum was obtained and its biochemical analysis was carried out. Results. Volodushka golden grass dry extract on a model of carbon tetrachloride hepatitis exhibits a hepatoprotective effect, which is confirmed by a comparative pathophysiological study and a study of the activity of enzyme markers of the morphofunctional state of the liver in rat blood serum. In the tetracycline hepatitis model, the studied extract also has a hepatoprotective effect, which is confirmed by biochemical studies. Conclusions. Studies of volodushka extract in conditions of experimental liver lesions have shown that the studied extract in experimental therapeutic doses has a pronounced hepatoprotective effect and is promising for the creation of a herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the digestive system.

Introduction. It is urgent to search for plants that can become sources of biologically active substances for the creation of new highly effective and safe medicines. One of these plants is the crowned sickle (Serratula coronata L.). The value of crowned serpuha is determined by its high content of phytoecdysteroids and flavonoids. The purpose of the work is to study the acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory activity and capillary-strengthening effect of the flavonoid fraction of the herb Serpucha crown. Material and methods. In the Department of Experimental Pharmacology of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VILAR, a study of the pharmaco-logical activity of the flavonoid fraction of the herb Serpucha crowned was carried out. Acute toxicity parameters were assessed using the Kerber method. The toxicity class of the test substance was determined according to GOST 12.1.007-76 "Harmful substances. Classification and general safe-ty requirements." The anti-inflammatory effect of the flavonoid fraction of the herb Serpucha crown was studied in models of formaldehyde edema and interstitial edema. The effectiveness of the anti-inflammatory effect of the flavonoid fraction of the herb crowned serpentine in vitro experiments was assessed by the rate of the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by inducible NO synthase. The activity of the iNOS enzyme in experiments was assessed by the rate of the reaction catalyzed by iNOS in vitro at 37 C. The study of the capillary-strengthening effect of the flavonoid fraction of the herb Serpucha crowned was carried out according to the "Method for determining the reactivity of skin capillaries to inflammatory stimuli" on a model of local in-flammatory reaction (xylene inflammation) in rats. Results. When studying the acute toxicity of the flavonoid fraction of the herb Serpucha crown, LD50 values were not established, since doses of the studied extract administered into the stomach of mice did not cause death of the animals. In accordance with the classification of toxicity of chemical substances according to GOST 12.1.007-76 "Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements", the flavonoid fraction of the herb crowned Serpucha is a low-hazard substance. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, it was established that the flavonoid fraction of the herb serpukha crowned in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg has an anti-inflammatory effect, significantly reducing formaldehyde edema in animals by 18 and 20%, respectively, compared with the control group of animals. It was established that the flavonoid fraction of the herb Serpucha crowned at a dose of 200 mg/kg has a pronounced anti-exudative effect, significantly reducing interstitial edema in animals by 22% compared to the control group of an-imals. In vitro experiments, the flavonoid fraction of the herb Serpucha crown inhibits the rate of the iNOS reaction by 1.5 times compared to the con-trol, which indicates the presence of pronounced anti-inflammatory activity of this sample. The studied fraction has a pronounced capillary-strengthening effect under the conditions of an experimental model of xylene inflammation, reducing the permeability of the vascular wall. Conclusions. The results of the studies indicate that the flavonoid fraction of the herb Serpucha crown, in terms of acute toxicity, belongs to the cat-egory of low-hazard substances and has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and capillary-strengthening effect.

Введение. Поиск растительных источников БАВ адаптогенного действия представляет научный и практический интерес. Однако, важной проблемой их использования как источника БАВ, является доступность исходного сырья, так как часто оно невелико. Одним из решений данной проблемы является культивирование перспективных в качестве сырья растений in vitro. Изучение биологической активности субстанций, полученных из клеточных культур, заслуживает особого внимания. Цель исследования – изучение в опытах in vivo адаптогенных свойств комплекса БАВ из суспензионных клеточных культур женьшеня обыкновенного и родиолы розовой полученных в ФГБНУ ВИЛАР. Методика. Объекты исследования: экстракты из суспензионной клеточной культуры женьшеня обыкновенного и родиолы розовой, входящие в состав Биологической коллекции ФГБНУ ВИЛАР. Фармакологические исследования проводили на белых нелинейных мышах и белых нелинейных крысах. Острую токсичность изучали по методу Кербера. Влияние экстрактов на нервную систему изучали на модели «открытое поле норкового типа». Проведено изучение влияния экстракта на продолжительность жизни мышей на модели гипоксии с гиперкапнией в гермообъеме, а также на выносливость и работоспособность на модели «вынужденное плавание с грузом» на мышах. Результаты. Было показано, что экстракты из суспензионных клеточных культур женьшеня обыкновенного и родиолы розовой малотоксичны, обладают адаптогенной активностью, оказывают антигипоксическое действие в условиях модели гипоксии с гиперкапнией в гермообъеме, повышают физическую работоспособность и выносливость в условиях модели «вынужденное плавание с грузом», а также не оказывают отрицательного влияния на нервную систему и поведение опытных животных. Заключение. Клеточные культуры женьшеня обыкновенного и родиолы розовой являются перспективным биотехнологическим сырьем для разработки на их основе безопасных лекарственных средств, повышающих неспецифическую сопротивляемость организма к негативным воздействиям окружающей среды и стрессу. The search for phytocomponents with adaptogenic activity is an important task of modern pharmacology. At the same time, an important problem for their use is the availability of raw materials, plant-to-plant variability in medicinal content, etc. An efficient and well suited solution to these problems is in vitro systems for production of medicinal plants and their extracts. Therefore, the biological activity of such in vitro-produced substances should be studied. Aim of the study: to determine in in vivo experiments the pharmacological activity of Panax ginseng and Sedum roseum cell culture extracts obtained in the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Methods. Extracts of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey and Sedum roseum (L.) Scop. cell cultures (from the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Biological Collection) were studied. Pharmacological studies were performed on white, outbred mice and rats. The studies were approved by the local Bioethical Committee. Acute toxicity was studied using the Kerber method. The effect of the cell culture extracts on the nervous system was studied using the forced swim test with weight load and open field test. Experimental studies of the adaptogenic effect of the cell culture extracts were performed in animal model of hypoxia with hypercapnia. Results. Panax ginseng and Sedum roseum cell culture extracts have low toxicity and have adaptogenic activity. Effects of both cell culture extracts in the forced swim test with weight load demonstrated increased performance efficiency and fitness. In the hypoxia-with-hypercapnia study of antihypoxic adaptogenic action, there was no negative impact on the animals’ nervous system. Conclusion. Extracts of Panax ginseng and Sedum roseum cell cultures are a promising biotechnological raw material for developing drugs to increase the body’s nonspecific resistance to adverse environmental influences and stress.

Moldavian Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) is an annual herb. In FGBNU VILAR a new variety of Moldavian Dragonhead «Nezhnost» has been developed. From the herb of the Moldavian Dragonhead, a technology has been developed for obtaining a dry purified extract, which has received the code name «Rozmatin». By NMR (1H and 13C) and HPLC-DAD-MS using standard samples and literature data, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the dry extract "Rozmatin" from the herb of the Dracocephalum moldavica was established. Rosmarinic, caffeic and ferulic acids, rosmarinic acid 3-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (tilianin), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (Cosmosiin), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, chrysoeryol-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, apigenin-7-O-β-D-(6ʺ-O-malonyl) glucoside, acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, acacetin-7-O-β-D-(6ʺ-malonyl) glucoside, schizotenuin F were identified. It was found that the content of rosmarinic acid in "Rosmatin" is 56.6%, the amount of flavonoids - about 27%. The study of anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activity of "Rozmatin" in doses of 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg was carried out. A dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect with suppression of the development of the exudative phase of inflammation, as well as a dose-dependent gastroprotective effect of "Rozmatin"", significantly exceeding the similar effect of the referent drug omeprazole, was revealed. Earlier it was found that "Rozmatin" has a tonic effect on the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Purpose: Studying the assortment of herbal medicines (HMs) available in the Russian Federation, and generalizing the use experience of them in gastroenterological practice. Methods: Information and analytical. Results: The analysis of the State Register of Medicines Permitted for Use in Medical Practice, as well as foreign and domestic publications from authoritative international databases, has been carried out. The limited range of drugs prescribed for diseases of the digestive system was revealed. The advantages of using complex drugs in comparison with monopreparations are shown. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop new multicomponent HMs of high therapeutic efficacy and low toxicity for prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases. Key words: Herbal medicines, Digestive system diseases, Correction.

Aim. To evaluate the antitoxic activity of chicory herb extract fractions in rats with toxic hepatitis.Materials and methods. There were 64 male rats were divided into groups of 6 animals that received the whole chicory herb extract, its fractions, or the reference drug (RD) and 2 groups did not receive any drug. The Silimar substance (a dry purified extract obtained from the fruits of milk thistle [Silybum marianum]) was chosen as RD. Animals from one of the groups that did not receive the drug (control group) and the groups that received drugs were injected with CCl4 to simulate toxic liver damage. The last group of animals received neither drugs nor CCl4 (intact animals). The changes in the activity of biotransformation enzymes (cytochrome P450 [cytР450] and glutathione transferase [GT]) in hepatocytes and serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT and AP) were assessed.Results. There was a decrease in cytР450 and GT activity in the liver microsomes of control rats (having CCl4 hepatitis without treatment) compared with intact animals. These parameters were more in the animals that were administrated with chicory herb extract, its fractions, and RD than in control animals. The administration of the whole extract, aqueous fraction, and RD led to an increase in the activity of cytP450 and GT enzymes almost to the level of the same indicators in intact animals. Pronounced grown in the activity of serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST and AP) were found after CCl4 injection. Administration of common chicory herb fractions before toxic liver damage caused a decrease in the grown of the activity of these enzymes. The greatest inhibitory effect on the grown of the activity of these liver enzymes had RD, aqueous and butanolic fractions of chicory herb. Despite a significant decrease in hyperfermentemia found in groups of animals treated with fractions of chicory herb, AST, ALT and AP activities did not reach the level that was in the intact animal group.Conclusion. The aqueous and butanolic fractions of the chicory herb extract had the highest antitoxic activity in experimental animal toxic liver injury.

Введение. Для выполнения программы по импортозамещению лекарственных препаратов перспективным направлением является создание оригинальных отечественных гепатопротективных средств. Топинамбур ( Helianthus tuberosus L.) семейства Астровые ( Asteraceae ) - перспективный род растения для детального изучения с целью создания на его основе современных лекарственных средств для лечения заболеваний печени. цель работы - изучение влияния сухого экстракта травы топинамбура на состояние печени крыс в условиях экспериментального токсического гепатита. методика. В отделе экспериментальной фармакологии ФГБНУ ВИЛАР проведено фармакологическое изучение топинамбура травы экстракта сухого. Содержание суммы фенольных соединений в пересчете на хлорогеновую кислоту в экстракте составляет 5,13±0,44 %. Исследовано влияние экстракта на состояние печени крыс в условиях экспериментального токсического гепатита. В работе использовали 50 белых нелинейных крыс самцов массой 200-240 г. Экстракт вводили животным внутрижелудочно в дозах 100 мг/кг и 500 мг/кг в течение 5 сут, препаратом сравнения был Силимар в дозе 100 мг/кг. Экспериментальный гепатит у крыс вызывали однократным введением подкожно 50% масляного раствора тетрахлорметана в объеме 0,4 мл на 100 г, через 1 ч после последнего введения исследуемых веществ. Через 48 ч после введения тетрахлорметана брали кровь из хвостовой вены крыс, получали сыворотку и проводили её биохимический анализ. Затем крыс подвергали эвтаназии в СО2 камере, извлекали печень для проведения патогистологического исследования. результаты. Введение экстракта травы топинамбура в дозе 500 мг/кг и препарата сравнения Силимар в дозе 100 мг/кг снижало токсическое действие тетрахлорметана на печень лабораторных животных, что подтверждено результатами биохимического исследования сыворотки крови подопытных животных и при гистологическом исследовании их печени. Внутрижелудочное введение крысам экстракта топинамбура в дозе 100 мг/кг приводило к незначительному снижению активности ферментов-маркеров функционального состояния и не влияло на морфологическую структуру печени опытных животных. Заключение. Сухой экстракт травы топинамбура в дозе 500 мг/кг обладает гепатопротекторным действием и является перспективным объектом для дальнейшего углубленного фармакологического изучения. Introduction. Some bioactive substances (e.g., flavonoids, phenolic acids, sesquiterpenes, polysaccharides, and amino acids) in Helianthus tuberosus L. leaves have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. These active ingredients may provide effective alternatives to imported hepatoprotective medicines. Aim of the study was to assess the hepatoprotective activity of extracts of the Helianthus tuberosus L. dried herb in male rats with carbon tetrachloride intoxication.methods. The composition of Helianthus tuberosus L. herb dry extract includes hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids. The predominant phenolic compound is chlorogenic acid. The hepatoprotective activity of the H. tuberosus extract doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg body weight was compared in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats. The rats were divided into five groups with ten animals in each. The first group consisted of intact animals; the second group received carbon tetrachloride, the third and the fourth groups received the H. tuberosus extract at a dose of 100 or 500 mg/kg plus carbon tetrachloride (TCM). The fifth group received Silymar® as a comparator drug. 48 hours after the TCM administration, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and total bilirubin concentration were measured. Pathomorphology of rat liver was studied by histological methods using section staining with hematoxylin and eosin.results. Prior H. tuberosus extract administration reduced the toxic TCM effect on liver cells in experimental toxic hepatitis. In animals treated with H. tuberosus at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight, the ALT activity was decreased by 31 %, the AST activity by 20%, the alkaline phosphatase activity by 19%, and the total bilirubin concentration by 16% as compared with the respective variables in the Silymar® group of animals that were not treated with the extract. The histological study showed that the H. tuberosus extract administration to animals at a dose of 500 mg/kg reduced dystrophic changes in hepatocytes.conclusion. The H. tuberosus extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg has a pronounced hepatoprotective effect and it is promising for further pharmacological study for developing hepatoprotective drugs.

Introduction. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is widely applied for liver disease treatment by traditional medicine of different countries; as well, it is the object for pharmacological research of hepatoprotective activity. In this regard, the method for obtaining dry extract of wild chicory herb (WCHE) is developed in the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.Aim. Aim of the research is determination of the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds, identification of the substances prevailing in WCHE and conducting pharmacological screening of the extract.Materials and methods. WCHE chemical composition has been explored with HPLC-MS/MS method; the main components were determined quantitatively with HPLC-UF method using single compounds that were isolated by us earlier and identified by NMR spectroscopy. WCHE pharmacological screening of hepatoprotective activity research was involving 50 male rats. Acute toxic hepatitis in animals was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of 50 % oily solution of tetrachloromethane (TCM) at a dosage of 0.4 ml per 100 g body weight. One hour before administration TCM, animals received WCHE at the doses of 100 or 500 mg/kg. 48 hours after TCM administration, the activity of serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as the content of total bilirubin were determined for preliminary establishment of pharmacological activity. Pathomorphological studies of rat liver were carried out using histological methods. The liver histological structure was inspected using liver sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results and discussion. The component composition of WCHE is represented by oxycoumarins, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids. The dominant phenolic compounds are esculetin, chicoriin, chicoric, chlorogenic and caftaric acids. It was found under acute experimental toxic hepatitis, that preliminary WCHE administration reduces the toxic TCM effect on liver cells. In animals treated with WCHE at doses both 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight, it was observed decreases in ALT activity by 35 % and 45 %, AST by 15 % and 28 %, alkaline phosphatase by 15 % and 21 %; the content of total bilirubin by 20 % and 29 %, respectively, in comparison with similar indicators in the group of animals that were not treated with the extract. The histological study showed that WCHE administration to animals at the doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg reduces dystrophic changes in hepatocytes, this effect is more pronounced at the extract dosage of 500 mg/kg.Conclusion. Main WCHE components are oxycoumarins (esculetin, chicoriin), hydroxycinnamic acids (chicoric, chlorogenic and caftaric). According to the results of screening studies, it was established that WCHE in doses of 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg is a promising object for further pharmacological research.