Objective To analyze spatial difference and dynamic time evolution of public health resources in China, and to provide evidence for optimizing the allocation of public health resources. Methods The data of 2012 to 2020 on public health resources were collected from China Health and Family Planning Statistics Yearbook and the China Health Statistics Yearbook. Entropy method was used to calculate annual index of public health resource supply at provincial level; the Dagum Gini coefficient and the Kernel density estimation method were applied to examine spatial difference and dynamic time evolution of public health resources in China. Results During 2012 – 2020, the Dagum Gini coefficient for public health resource supply increased slowly from 0.236 2 to 0.278 6 first, and then fluctuated and decreased to 0.240 9; the Kernel density estimation curves suggested that the public health resource supply in China increased sharply from 2012 to2014, but the supply was insufficient after 2014. Conclusion The supply of public health resources in China needs to be increased in quantity and equity among different regions.

Background General practitioners (GPs) mainly provide basic medical and health services. The construction of GPs human resources is closely related to the development of primary care system. Objective To investigate the current status of psychological capital (PsyCap) , professional identity, and intention to stay of GPs in China and explore the relationship among the above three. Methods A total of 4 632 GPs were selected for electronic questionnaire investigation in the eastern, central, and western China from March to May in 2021 by using a multi-stage stratified random sampling. The questionnaire mainly included basic information, PsyCap, professional identity, and intention to stay. Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis and structural equation model were used to explore the relationship among professional identity, PsyCap, and intention to stay. Results A total of 4 376 GPs were included with the effective response rate of 94.47%. The total scores of PsyCap, professional identity, and intention to stay were (102.89±16.94) , (33.93±8.95) , and (21.69±4.04) , respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between PsyCap and professional identity, professional identity and intention to stay, PsyCap and intention to stay (r=0.402, 0.459, 0.236, respectively, P<0.001) . The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed positive predictive effects of PsyCap and professional identity on intention to stay (b=0.079 and 0.361, respectively, P<0.001) , and professional identity had a mediating effect between PsyCap and intention to stay. The structural equation model showed that PsyCap and professional identity had a positive predictive effect on intention to stay (b=0.032, P<0.05; b=0.446, P<0.001) , and professional identity had a part mediating effect between PsyCap and intention to stay. Conclusion The intention to stay among GPs in China is at a moderate level. There are positive correlations among PsyCap, professional identity, and intention to stay among GPs in China. PsyCap can affect intention to stay through professional identity. Improving the PsyCap and professional identity of GPs is conducive to improving their intention to stay.

Background Psychological capital (PsyCap) has a significant impact on individual attitude, behavior, and performance. Currently, studies on the level and associated factors of PsyCap among general practitioners (GPs) are limited. Objective To investigate the level of PsyCap and its associated factors among community GPs in China, providing evidence for human resource management in primary health care. Methods To conduct the questionnaire survey, 40 community health service institutions from their list of community health service institutions were randomly chosen, 4 632 GPs (40% of whom were on duty) were randomly selected from each community health service institution's duty roster on the day of the survey, and all five provinces (autonomous, municipalities) regions in the east, central, and west China were chosen by use of multi-stage stratified random sampling between March and May 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: general information, workplace violence, and PsyCap, and statistical analysis was performed using general descriptive analysis, rank sum test, and generalized linear regression. Results A total of 4 376 community GPs were finally included as eligible respondents. The total median score and average total score of PsyCap were 104 (20) and 4.33 (0.83), higher than the theoretical median (3.50 points). The region〔central China (b=1.355) 〕, age〔40~49 (b=2.609), ≥50 (b=4.035) 〕, marital status〔married (b=1.801) 〕, practice setting〔rural (b=2.088) 〕, holding an administrative post〔no (b=-1.734) 〕, weekly working hours〔>50 (b=2.743) 〕, average number of daily consultations〔20~39 (b=2.177) 〕, workload〔moderate (b=6.900), high (b=8.146) 〕, occupational stress〔moderate (b=-6.936), high (b=-10.309) 〕, occupational development opportunities〔general (b=2.073), more (b=7.747) 〕, and the frequency of workplace violence〔low (b=-3.132), medium (b=-3.990), high (b=-7.033) 〕were factors associated with the level of PsyCap among GPs significantly (P<0.05) . Conclusion The PsyCap of community GPs in China is at an upper medium level, and the associated factors are complicated. To improve the level of PsyCap among GPs, attention should be paid to their mental health status, and provide them with interventions targeting PsyCap-related factors to lessen the GPs' stress.

Based on the needs of healthcare system reform, Australia has implemented activity based funding(ABF) payment mode nationwide, and established the Independent Hospital Pricing Authority as the specific implementation agency in 2011. The main responsibilities and functions of the ABF payment mode covers pricing of medical services, classification of healthcare services, collection of clinical data and cost accounting of healthcare services. ABF payment mode presents outstanding advantages in promoting the capacity of healthcare service, maintaining fairness of healthcare service supplies and carrying out cooperation across different institutions. These efforts provide important references for China in its top-level design of payment method, pilot project of classification system, medical service items and price dynamic adjustment, informationization and information standardization construction among public hospitals.

随着国内老龄化进程的逐渐加快,老年人的合理用药指导问题已经引起了医疗卫生组织的高度关注.老年人用药指导即由家庭医生为服药的老人提供护理服务,以此使老年人的医疗卫生需求得到切实的满足,除此以外,还可促使老年人医疗服务获得感的提升.基于老年人的患病特点和药动学特征,分析家庭医生开展老年人用药指导的内容和原则,并提出门诊面对面沟通、互联网诊疗协同药物配送、远程指导用药和"长处方"用药治疗四类可行的具体指导方式,能够支持当前的家庭医生护理服务,并进一步改善医疗服务保障,提升老年人用药指导的合理性.