Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). Additionally, it has been identified as a functional receptor for the Coronavirus. Research indicates that ACE2 plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular systems by modulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Its role in pulmonary diseases has also garnered significant attention due to the widespread prevalence of Coronavirus. There is solid evidence linking ACE2 to other pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, allergic asthma, among others. However, the exact pathological and physiological mechanisms of ACE2 in these diseases remain elusive. Our research aims to review and explore the latest advancements in ACE2-related studies in pulmonary diseases. These findings have the potential to open new avenues for utilizing ACE2 as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary diseases.

Abstract Objective : To study whether zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnO-NPs) can induce cellular autophagy in neutrophils, and whether cellular autophagy is capable of regulating the degree of inflammatory response induced by ZnO-NPs, as well as to lay a basis for research relating to the toxicity of ZnO-NPs on the respiratory system. Methods : Peripheral blood neutrophils of rats were stimulated with different concentration gradients of ZnO-NPs (including 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L). The expression levels of cellular autophagy-associated protein LC3B were examined using immunoblotting (WB) method. The expression levels of inflammatory factor IL-8 in cell supernatants were examined through enzyme-linked immunoreagent adsorption assay (ELISA). The expression levels of cellular autophagy-associated proteins LC3B and P62 and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β) were examined through stimulation with zinc oxide nanoparticles (20 mg/L) for 24 h after neutrophils were pretreated with autophagy agonist (RAPA) and autophagy inhibitor (3-MA). Results : IL-8 and LC3B expression levels were up-regulated after the stimulation of neutrophils with ZnO-NPs, the pretreatment of cells with autophagy agonist (RAPA) up-regulated the expression of ZnO-NPs-induced IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1β, and the pretreatment of cells with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA down-regulated the expression of ZnO-NPs-induced IL-8, IL-6, and IL 1β. Conclusion : ZnO-NPs are capable of inducing neutrophil autophagy, and cellular autophagy can regulate ZnO-NPs-induced neutrophil inflammatory response.

Cooking with biomass fuels has been reported to have adverse effects on health. This study aims to explore the association between cooking with biomass fuels and vision impairment among Chinese older adults aged 65 years and above. This cohort study drew on data from the 2011/2012 wave and the 2014 follow-up wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Participants’ visual function was examined through a vision screening test. Exposure to indoor biomass fuels was self-reported. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to explore the relationship between biomass fuel use and vision impairment. Additionally, we compared the risk of vision impairment between participants who switched cooking fuel types and those who did not. Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to explore the potential effect modifiers. A total of 4711 participants were included in this study. During the follow-up, 1053 (22.35

Objective To analyze spatial difference and dynamic time evolution of public health resources in China, and to provide evidence for optimizing the allocation of public health resources. Methods The data of 2012 to 2020 on public health resources were collected from China Health and Family Planning Statistics Yearbook and the China Health Statistics Yearbook. Entropy method was used to calculate annual index of public health resource supply at provincial level; the Dagum Gini coefficient and the Kernel density estimation method were applied to examine spatial difference and dynamic time evolution of public health resources in China. Results During 2012 – 2020, the Dagum Gini coefficient for public health resource supply increased slowly from 0.236 2 to 0.278 6 first, and then fluctuated and decreased to 0.240 9; the Kernel density estimation curves suggested that the public health resource supply in China increased sharply from 2012 to2014, but the supply was insufficient after 2014. Conclusion The supply of public health resources in China needs to be increased in quantity and equity among different regions.

目的 展示中国大陆地区淋病发病率的时空格局,对淋病各流行因素进行多尺度地理加权回归分析,为淋病的防控提供科学依据.方法 以中国大陆31个省份(自治区、直辖市)2009至2018年的淋病疾病数据以及社会经济、人口结构、气象数据为基础,运用空间自相关以及MGWR模型(多尺度地理加权回归模型)进行分析.结果 中国大陆地区淋病发病率总体呈上升趋势,空间上累计发病率呈现显著的空间正相关(Moran'I=0.224,P＜0.05),且发病热点区域主要集中在江苏省、上海市、浙江省和福建省等东南沿海地区;MGWR模型相较其他模型有较好的拟合程度(R2=0.863)和模型精度(AICc=382);气温、基层医疗机构数、降水量、相对湿度、人均GDP、在校生数和老年人口比重在局部以及全局地区具有显著性.各因素对各省市淋病发病率的影响效果各不相同,有显著的空间异质性.结论 2009-2018年淋病发病率在空间上有聚集性;经济、医疗水平和气象因素在不同程度上影响着淋病的流行强度;MGWR模型在淋病的影响因素分析中有显著优势.

Background General practitioners (GPs) were at risk of violence in their everyday working lives. Workplace violence (WPV) among GPs is a global public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with WPV among GPs in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 4376 GPs in eastern, central, and western China between March and May 2021 using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The multivariable stepwise logistic regression model was used to examine the factors associated with WPV among GPs in China. Results Among these respondents, 14.26% of them reported exposure to WPV in the past 12 months. GPs who were female, practised in a rural area, made home visits occasionally, worked in a fair or good practice environment or work environment, and had a fair or good relationship with patients were less likely to encounter any type of WPV. In addition, GPs who served patients over 20 per day and worked overtime occasionally or frequently were more likely to be exposed to WPV. The determinants of WPV varied in different types of WPV and sexes. Conclusions The prevalence of WPV among GPs is low in China. Our findings could inform the measures to reduce the WPV among GPs.