Objective:To provide references for cardiovascular health management of military pilots by investigating the risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (ICVD) in military pilots.Methods:The physical examination data of military pilots in Air Force Healthcare Center for Special Services Hangzhou were retrospectively analyzed. The military pilots were divided into 2 groups by age (22-34 years, 35-56 years), and they were divided into 5 groups by flying hours (≤500 h, 500-≤1 000 h, 1 000-≤2 000 h, 2 000-≤3 000 h, >3 000 h). The 10-year ICVD incidence risk of pilots was evaluated according to the 10-year ICVD incidence risk assessment table of Chinese people. The distribution and influencing factors of absolute risk and relative risk of ICVD incidence in military pilots were analyzed, and the risk factors between different age groups were compared.Results:①A total of 337 military pilots were included, 194 in the 22-34 years group and 143 in the 35-56 years group. ②Absolute risk detection: there were 336 very low-risk military pilots and a low-risk military pilot. Relative risk detection: 87 (25.82%) military pilots were relatively high risk including 41 (21.13%) cases in 22-34 years group, 46 (32.17%) cases in 35-56 years group, the difference between 2 groups was statistically significant ( χ2=5.23, P=0.022); there were 250 (74.18%) relatively low-risk military pilots. ③Among the pilots aged 22-34 years, there was significant difference in relative high-risk ratio between flying hours ( χ2=17.00, P<0.001). The relative high-risk ratio of the pilots with flying hours 500-≤1 000 h was higher than that of pilots with flying hours ≤500 h, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); the proportion of pilots with elevated triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol indexes was higher than that of those with normal indicators (all P<0.05). The relative high-risk ratio of pilots with hypertension in 35-56 years group was higher than that of those with normal blood pressure ( χ2=23.70, P<0.001); the proportion of pilots with elevated triglyceride indicators was higher than that of high-risk groups ( P<0.05). ④The smoking rate, BMI and total cholesterol abnormality rate were higher in the 35-56 years group than in the 22-34 years group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=9.71, 29.72, 19.17, P=0.002, <0.001,<0.001). ⑤The aggregation analysis of the risk factors of smoking, BMI, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and diabetes showed that the number of risk factor aggregates ≥2 species accounted for 51.04%, and the aggregation of risk factors in different age groups was statistically significant ( Z=6.38, P<0.001). Conclusions:The relative risk of ICVD in pilots is high, and the aggregation of risk factors is serious. Simply improving a single index is hardly to meet the demand of risk reduction. It needs a variety of joint interventions to improve the lifestyle and reduce the abnormal rate of total cholesterol, overweight rate, systolic blood pressure level and smoking rate. It is suggested that ICVD incidence risk prediction score should be routinely used in the risk assessment of chronic diseases in aviation medicine.

目的:了解我国部分军事飞行员健康状况,为军事飞行员职业健康维护提供参考.方法:检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和万方数据库关于军事飞行员疾病谱的相关中文文献,筛选符合标准的文献,检索时间范围为2004年1月—2019年6月,采用Stata 16软件进行荟萃分析.结果:共纳入18篇相关文献.军事飞行员患病名称有23种,排名前5位的为高脂血症及脂肪肝(26.7％)、颈腰椎异常(15.5％)、腰椎病(13.5％)、高脂血症(12.2％)、脂肪肝(11.7％)和鼻窦炎(11.7％).剔除疾病名称不符合要求和涉及篇数较少的文献(≤4 篇),再对飞行员疾病谱进行排名,前10位的疾病分别为腰椎病(13.5％)、高脂血症(12.2％)、脂肪肝(11.7％)、颈椎病(10.5％)、高尿酸血症(7.7％)、胆囊息肉(5.5％)、血管紧张性头痛(5.4％)、慢性胃炎(5.0％)、高血压(3.0％)和地面昏厥(2.3％).战斗机飞行员腰椎病、颈椎病、高尿酸血症和慢性胃炎患病率显著或非常显著高于直升机飞行员(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),两组高脂血症、脂肪肝、胆囊息肉、高血压和地面昏厥患病率差异不显著(P＞0.05).结论:军事飞行员颈腰椎疾病、代谢性疾病和脂肪肝患病率较高,尤其是战斗机飞行员须采取有效措施加强健康维护,巩固和提高飞行部队战斗力.

目的 分析军事潜水员非酒精性脂肪肝患病情况及其相关危险因素,提供早期预防依据,从而降低潜水员非酒精性脂肪肝的患病率,提高健康水平,保证其战斗力.方法 收集2008-2016年在杭州某疗养院疗养与体检的1598例军事潜水员健康档案,采集其疗养期间B超检查、生化指标及血压测量数据,采用SPSS 21.0数据软件对以上数据进行统计分析.结果 军事潜水员非酒精脂肪肝患病率为16.33％,随着服役年限的增加非酒精性脂肪肝的患病率上升,差异有统计学意义(χ2=102.117,P<0.05).对潜水员患非酒精性脂肪肝组与正常组各代谢相关指标均值分析结果显示,患病组空腹血糖、尿酸、胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、收缩压、舒张压均值均明显高于正常组,高密度脂蛋白明显低于正常组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-3.999、-7.658、-5.308、-10.167、9.245、-5.41、-5.014、-6.298,均P<0.05).代谢指标与非酒精性脂肪肝的影响因素分析显示,空腹血糖、尿酸、胆固醇、三酰甘油为非酒精性脂肪肝的危险因素,危险因素用相对危险度的精确估计值(oddratio)OR表示(OR值分别为2.619、2.042、2.271、3.534,均P<0.05).高密度脂蛋白为非酒精性脂肪肝的保护因素(OR=0.361,P<0.05).结论 非酒精性脂肪肝患病率随着潜水员服役年限的增加上升显著,积极控制空腹血糖、尿酸、胆固醇、三酰甘油的指标可有效控制军事潜水员非酒精性脂肪肝的患病率,推迟非酒精性脂肪肝的发生,从而提高该群体的健康水平.