Objective:To provide references for cardiovascular health management of military pilots by investigating the risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (ICVD) in military pilots.Methods:The physical examination data of military pilots in Air Force Healthcare Center for Special Services Hangzhou were retrospectively analyzed. The military pilots were divided into 2 groups by age (22-34 years, 35-56 years), and they were divided into 5 groups by flying hours (≤500 h, 500-≤1 000 h, 1 000-≤2 000 h, 2 000-≤3 000 h, >3 000 h). The 10-year ICVD incidence risk of pilots was evaluated according to the 10-year ICVD incidence risk assessment table of Chinese people. The distribution and influencing factors of absolute risk and relative risk of ICVD incidence in military pilots were analyzed, and the risk factors between different age groups were compared.Results:①A total of 337 military pilots were included, 194 in the 22-34 years group and 143 in the 35-56 years group. ②Absolute risk detection: there were 336 very low-risk military pilots and a low-risk military pilot. Relative risk detection: 87 (25.82%) military pilots were relatively high risk including 41 (21.13%) cases in 22-34 years group, 46 (32.17%) cases in 35-56 years group, the difference between 2 groups was statistically significant ( χ2=5.23, P=0.022); there were 250 (74.18%) relatively low-risk military pilots. ③Among the pilots aged 22-34 years, there was significant difference in relative high-risk ratio between flying hours ( χ2=17.00, P<0.001). The relative high-risk ratio of the pilots with flying hours 500-≤1 000 h was higher than that of pilots with flying hours ≤500 h, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); the proportion of pilots with elevated triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol indexes was higher than that of those with normal indicators (all P<0.05). The relative high-risk ratio of pilots with hypertension in 35-56 years group was higher than that of those with normal blood pressure ( χ2=23.70, P<0.001); the proportion of pilots with elevated triglyceride indicators was higher than that of high-risk groups ( P<0.05). ④The smoking rate, BMI and total cholesterol abnormality rate were higher in the 35-56 years group than in the 22-34 years group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=9.71, 29.72, 19.17, P=0.002, <0.001,<0.001). ⑤The aggregation analysis of the risk factors of smoking, BMI, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and diabetes showed that the number of risk factor aggregates ≥2 species accounted for 51.04%, and the aggregation of risk factors in different age groups was statistically significant ( Z=6.38, P<0.001). Conclusions:The relative risk of ICVD in pilots is high, and the aggregation of risk factors is serious. Simply improving a single index is hardly to meet the demand of risk reduction. It needs a variety of joint interventions to improve the lifestyle and reduce the abnormal rate of total cholesterol, overweight rate, systolic blood pressure level and smoking rate. It is suggested that ICVD incidence risk prediction score should be routinely used in the risk assessment of chronic diseases in aviation medicine.

Objective:To put forward the prevention and treatment countermeasures by analyzing the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pilots′ lumbar intervertebral disc.Methods:The MRI results of lumbar intervertebral disc of 330 naval pilots were collected. Pilots were grouped by age, flying hours, aircraft type and body mass index. The detection of lumbar disc abnormalities was analyzed.Results:A total of 196 cases (59.39%) of lumbar disc abnormalities were detected, in which the top 3 abnormalities were lumbar disc degeneration+protrusion (105 cases), protrusion (23 cases) and degeneration+protrusion (20 cases). Lumbar 5-Sacral 1 (85 cases) and Lumbar 4-5 (82 cases) were the first 2 segments of lumbar discs herniation. The detection rates showed continuously increased trend along with the occurrence site from top to bottom. With the increase of age, flying hours, and body mass index, the detection rates of lumbar discs abnormalities increased. The differences among groups were statistically significant ( χ2=6.01-52.32, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The detection rate of lumbar disc degeneration+protrusion is high in pilots. It is recommended that pilots should control their weight, strengthen the exercise of the lumber back muscles, and pay attention to early screening of lumbar disc abnormalities by MRI.

通过对海军潜水员职业环境需求及健康状况分析发现,潜水员的营养支持需求高,营养支持方案不够完善,且潜水员对营养知识掌握情况一般,因此疗养期间营养支持方案研究非常必要,为确保营养供给合理,提升群体健康指数,降低远期疾病发生率,笔者开展此项研究,为海军援潜救生部队保持持续健康状态提供科学支持.

目的:了解我国部分军事飞行员健康状况,为军事飞行员职业健康维护提供参考.方法:检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和万方数据库关于军事飞行员疾病谱的相关中文文献,筛选符合标准的文献,检索时间范围为2004年1月—2019年6月,采用Stata 16软件进行荟萃分析.结果:共纳入18篇相关文献.军事飞行员患病名称有23种,排名前5位的为高脂血症及脂肪肝(26.7％)、颈腰椎异常(15.5％)、腰椎病(13.5％)、高脂血症(12.2％)、脂肪肝(11.7％)和鼻窦炎(11.7％).剔除疾病名称不符合要求和涉及篇数较少的文献(≤4 篇),再对飞行员疾病谱进行排名,前10位的疾病分别为腰椎病(13.5％)、高脂血症(12.2％)、脂肪肝(11.7％)、颈椎病(10.5％)、高尿酸血症(7.7％)、胆囊息肉(5.5％)、血管紧张性头痛(5.4％)、慢性胃炎(5.0％)、高血压(3.0％)和地面昏厥(2.3％).战斗机飞行员腰椎病、颈椎病、高尿酸血症和慢性胃炎患病率显著或非常显著高于直升机飞行员(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),两组高脂血症、脂肪肝、胆囊息肉、高血压和地面昏厥患病率差异不显著(P＞0.05).结论:军事飞行员颈腰椎疾病、代谢性疾病和脂肪肝患病率较高,尤其是战斗机飞行员须采取有效措施加强健康维护,巩固和提高飞行部队战斗力.

患者男性，38岁，直-10飞行员，飞行时间1 700 h。因疗养入院。入院查体，胸部X片、心电图未见明显异常。腹部B超：胆囊多发息肉样变。追问病史，患者自述于2015年因左手发麻至体系医院检查，诊断：胸廓出口综合征。2020年12月疗养体检“胸廓出口综合征”，体检结论：飞行合格，健康等级：乙类。

1例直升机飞行员入院体检B超示甲状腺左侧叶未显示，右侧叶腺体可见数个无回声结节，均边界清，内透声可，内未见明显血流信号。双侧颈部B超未见异位。按甲状腺影像报告和数据系统的分级标准为2级。查体未见异常，实验室检查甲状腺功能5项指标均正常。心电图、心脏彩色超声未见异常。既往体检未发现异常，无任何手术史。诊断为甲状腺偏侧缺如。航空医学鉴定结论：飞行合格，健康等级：乙类。