目的:探讨跌倒的危险因素评估在老年骨质疏松(OP)患者护理中的应用效果.方法:将100例患者分成两组,对照组实施常规跌倒护理干预,研究组实施跌倒危险因素针对性护理干预,对比两组相关数据.结果:研究组跌倒危险性和跌倒率均较低,护理满意度和生活质量均较高(P<0.05).结论:实施跌倒危险因素针对性护理干预,通过优质安全、有效合理的护理干预,能够在很大程度上避免跌倒事件的出现,减轻跌倒给患者生活和身体健康安全造成的不良影响,实际应用价值较高.

目的 探讨围手术康复干预对老年全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)术后功能水平及运动耐力的影响.方法 选取2020年2月-2021年6月火箭军特色医学中心收治的40例老年全髋关节置换术后患者作为研究对象,用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各20例.对照组行THA手术前采取常规健康教育,术后4周开始进行康复训练;观察组在健康教育的基础上,增加术前预康复训练及术后早期康复干预.分别于入院时、术前1天、术后第7天、4周、8周,采用髋关节功能评分量表(Harris Hip Score,HHS)、视觉模拟评分量表(visual analog scale,VAS)、6 min步行试验(6-minute walk test and daily life,6 MMT)及日常生活活动能力评分(activities of daily living,ADL)对2组的功能情况进行评价.结果 入院时,2组HHS评分、VAS评分,6 MWT及ADL评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);经过术前预康复后,观察组的HHS评分、VAS评分,6 MWT及ADL评分结果优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后第7天,2组的相关指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);经过8周治疗后,观察组的HHS评分、VAS评分,6 MWT及ADL评分结果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 围手术康复干预有助于提升老年全髋关节置换术后功能水平及运动耐力的提升.

分析当前核应急医学救援人体表面污染控制相关标准,探讨现有标准的不足,提出核应急医学救援人体表面污染控制相关标准应用建议.认为现行标准WS/T 467-2014《核和辐射事故医学响应程序》、GBZ/T 271-2016《核或辐射应急准备与响应通用准则》、T/WSJD 7-2020《核辐射突发事件放射性污染人员洗消流程及技术要求》适用于核应急医学救援人体表面污染控制,其中GBZ/T 271-2016的参考理念较新、可操作性较强,建议任务单位及相关应急力量参考使用.

分析当前核应急医学救援时人体表面污染检测方法存在测不准、测得慢、测得累、表面污染检测设备易污染等不足,提出优化建议.现行人体表面污染检测方法由于费时费力、操作性不强,是整个核应急医学救援的"限速步骤".提出了在核应急医学救援人体表面污染检测时,综合利用高灵敏γ剂量率仪结合表面污染检测仪检测的方法,首先使用高灵敏γ剂量率仪对人员体表进行快速初筛,再使用表面污染检测仪精准测量,可大幅提高人体表面污染检测的效率与精准度.该方法检测效率高、速度快,能降低测量人员体能消耗,且高灵敏γ剂量率仪、表面污染检测仪为核应急医学救援力量常用设备,可直接参考此方法进行人体表面污染快速筛选.

目的:对比主动运动训练和被动运动训练在人工全膝关节置换(TKA)患者中的应用效果.方法:选择2017年4月～2021年8月期间我院骨科收治的TKA患者65例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为主动组(主动运动训练)和被动组(被动运动训练),各为33例和32例.对比两组生活自理能力、平衡能力、疼痛情况、膝关节功能情况、膝关节活动度和生活质量.结果:两组术后1周、术后2周Barthel指数(BI)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、美国膝关节外科学会评分标准(KSS)评分均较术前升高,视觉疼痛模拟法(VAS)评分均较术前下降(P＜0.05).主动组BI、BBS、KSS评分高于被动组,VAS评分低于被动组(P＜0.05).两组术前、术后3 d、术后7 d被动关节活动度(PROM)、主动关节活动度(AROM)均下降后升高(P＜0.05),主动组术后3 d AROM、PROM高于被动组(P＜0.05).两组术后3个月生理职能、生理机能、一般健康、躯体疼痛、社会功能、精力、精神健康、情感职能各维度评分均升高,且主动组高于被动组(P＜0.05).结论:与被动运动训练相比,主动运动训练应用于TKA患者,可减轻患者疼痛,改善膝关节活动度及功能,改善患者生活自理能力,提高其生活质量的效果均更显著.

目的:设计火箭军核应急专用个人防护背囊内容物.方法:该背囊内容物包括个人剂量监测、个人防护、抗放、自助去污、通信、污物收容等6个功能模块,各装具按穿戴取用的顺序组合包装放置.结果:该背囊内容物可满足火箭军核武器核事故医学救援的个人防护需求.结论:该背囊内容物针对性强、功能全面、取用方便,可在承担核武器核事故医学救援任务的部队推广使用.

膝关节置换是临床治疗膝关节疾病的主要方法 ,能完成膝关节屈曲、畸形关节的重建 ,恢复其肢体功能[1 ] .但膝关节置换术后 ,患者常伴有不同程度的关节肿胀和疼痛 ,影响其治疗护理依从性和术后生活质量[2 ] .本研究采用以信息 -动机 -行为技巧 ( information-motivation-behavioral skills , IMB)模型[3]为理论基础的干预护理对老年膝关节置换患者进行信息、动机、行为的综合干预 ,引导其完成心理及行为改变 ,获得了显著效果.现将研究具体报告如下.

Objective:To explore the clinical significance of the teaching method of scene simulation exercises to improve the ability of nursing staff in the treatment of trauma.Methods:44 nurses were taken as the research objectives in the department of orthopedics of our hospital. They were divided into A group and B group according to the area. Each group had 22 nurses. A group was in the East ward and they trained trauma care knowledge by scenario simulation. B group was in the West ward and they used traditional teaching methods to train trauma care. In the same training content and the same time, the differences were compared in training simulation examination and operation time between two groups of nurses.Results:Two groups of nurses’ average examination results have improved after the scene simulation teaching method and the differences were considered to be statistically significant (t=2.507, P<0.05). The average rescue operation time of the A group was less than that of the B group and the differences were considered to be statistically significant (t=2.276,P<0.05). To a certain extent, it improves the analysis judgment and decision making ability in the emergency situation.Conclusion: Scene simulation has certain advantages in improving the ability of nursing staff of battle trauma, and it is also an innovation of the operation teaching. It is worth for further promotion and application.

Objective:To study application effect of self-made triangle turn pad for preventing postoperative pressure ulcers of intertrochanteric fracture in aged patients.Methods: 92 cases over 90-year-old patients with intertrochanteric fracture were selected and divided into the observation group and control group by using stochastic indicator. There were 46 patients in each group. The observation group used triangle turn pad to roll over and the control group used ordinary soft pillow to roll over. Through the comfort questionnaire and the incidence of pressure sores of postoperative patients after one week, the comfort of triangle turn pad and the effect of prevention of pressure ulcers were evaluated.Results: After analysis of three patients with comfort index (pain degree, safety, convenient degrees) and the incidence of pressure ulcers between the two groups, the differences were statistically significant (t=2.212, t=2.113,t=2.268;P<0.05). And there were significant differences in the incidence of pressure ulcers after operation (x2=2.476,P<0.05).Conclusion: Triangle turn pad can increase the comfort of patients after change posture, reduce the pressure of local stress, and it has important significance to prevent and improve pressure sores.