Allergic rhinitis is the most common pathology among all allergic diseases. The article presents the epidemiologic and pathogenetic issues of the allergic rhinitis. The underdiagnosis of allergic rhinitis and its underestimation as a systemic pathology were observed in various countries. The importance of allergic rhinitis in paediatric practice, its impact on the quality of life, studies, and cognitive abilities is considered. The extranasal manifestations of the disease, as well as the role of allergic rhinitis in the development of increased respiratory viral morbidity are assessed. The differences between allergic and vasomotor rhinitis (non-allergic non-infectious rhinopathy) are analysed. Frequent interdependence and interaction of the allergic and vasomotor rhinitis are stressed. The signs of nonspecific hyperreactivity of the upper respiratory tract affected by the allergic rhinitis are presented. The role and importance of decongestants in the treatment of both allergic and vasomotor rhinitis are discussed in detail. Vasoconstrictors would help reduce hyperemia and nasal mucosa oedema, reduce the level of mucus secretion, improve the drainage of paranasal sinuses, normalizing the pressure in them. The use of a combination drug – a sympathomimetic combined with a local antihistamine agent would be the most appropriate treatment for patients with AR. The use of intranasal combination therapy for allergic rhinitis is justified: a sympathomimetic phenylephrine combined with a blocker of H1-histamine receptors dimethindene. The insights into the safety and efficacy of above drug combination in paediatric practice are presented. The use of a combination intranasal drug based on phenylephrine and dimethindene in patients with allergic rhinitis is justified in paediatric practice as both symptomatic and pathogenetic treatment. It is also advisable to administer it to treat acute respiratory viral diseases, in the post-viral period with situational exacerbations of the vasomotor component.

In this article, current data on pulmonary eosinophilia are presented. Pulmonary eosinophilia is defined as the infiltration of eosinophils into the airways, interstitia, and alveoli. There are diverse processes in etiology, the common feature of which is the presence of pulmonary eosinophilic infiltrates, and as a rule, peripheral blood eosinophilia. Causes of pulmonary eosinophilia include various infections, medications, parasites, autoimmune processes, malignancies, and presence of obstructive pulmonary diseases. A unified classification of pulmonary eosinophilia is lacking, and instead, various versions of classifications have been presented. The most convenient classification option for use is also distinguished. This article discusses the historical transformation of the term eosinophilic pneumonia in the field of allergology, showing the lack of unambiguity in the concept of eosinophilic pneumonia, as well as the location of eosinophilic pneumonia in the pulmonary eosinophilia section. Eosinophilic pneumonia is defined as a disease characterized by an increase in the eosinophil content in the pulmonary tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Most eosinophilic pneumonias are associated with peripheral blood eosinophilia. Two main variants of the disease are acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonias. Thus, various ways to formulate diagnoses in various cases of eosinophilic pneumonia have been proposed.

The article presents the issues of epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of allergic rhinitis. It describes the various types of nonallergic rhinitis, the relationship of allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis polyposa, eosinophilic nonallergic rhinitis, and rhinitis medicamentosa. The leading role of topical glucocorticosteroids in the therapy of rhinitis including non-allergic is considered in detail.

Aim. To study cellular and humoral immunological parameters of the employees of production sites located at the former mining and uranium ore processing territories. Materials and methods. In this work the clinical laboratory and immunological methods of examination were used. Statistical processing of the results was performed by using nonparametric analysis methods in the StatSoft Statistica 6 software package. Results. 101 employees of Chepetskiy mechanical plant were examined at the age of 19-62. 76 (75.2%) of them contacted with industrial factor, 64 - with radiation and 12 - with chemical. 25 (24.8%) employees had no contact with industrial factor. The immunological examination of the employees in contact with industrial factor revealed laboratory signs of imbalance in the immune system with IgE-overproduction. The risk group for secondary immunodeficiency with the leading infectious syndrome was 15.8%. Conclusion. Changes of cellular and humoral parameters on average values were not revealed. Infectious syndrome - recurrent ETN viral infections (13.9%) and herpes virus infection (13.9%) prevailed in the structure of the employees of Chepetskiy mechanical plant. A statistically significant difference in the content (percentage and absolute) of CD16+ lymphocytes was found in the employees of Chepetskiy mechanical plant contacted with industrial factor. These results had no clinical significance, what can be considered as an adaptive response to the chemical factor.

The article considers the role of histamine in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and other pathological conditions. The mechanisms that contribute to the development of skin itching are considered separately. The article also shows the role and function of H1-histamine receptor blockers in the treatment of allergic diseases and pseudo allergic reactions. The mechanism of action, indications, contraindications and side effects of the antihistamine therapy are presented. The article also discusses the difference in first and second-generation antihistamines and shows the possible advantages of the first-generation drugs in paediatric practice. The article presents data on the use of dimethindene maleate (Fenistil) in children’s practice, including the use for the relief of skin itching of various genesis.

The problem of exerciseinduced airway hyper responsiveness and bronchial obstruction is discussed in the review. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of bronchial obstruction in elite athletes of various sports are presented. Modern concepts of etiological and trigger factors caused by exercise induced bronchospasm are considered. Pathogenetic aspects of the formation of bronchial obstruction in athletes are presented.

The article considers the role of histamine in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and other pathological conditions. The mechanisms that contribute to the development of skin itching are considered separately. The article also shows the role and function of H1-histamine receptor blockers in the treatment of allergic diseases and pseudo allergic reactions. The mechanism of action, indications, contraindications and side effects of the antihistamine therapy are presented. The article also discusses the difference in first and second-generation antihistamines and shows the possible advantages of the first-generation drugs in paediatric practice. The article presents data on the use of dimethindene maleate (Fenistil) in children’s practice, including the use for the relief of skin itching of various genesis.

This article discusses the place and role of an allergen-specific immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic diseases. It provides an action mechanism, indications for use, contraindications, and side effects of an allergen-specific immunotherapy. A comparison of different methodologies for an allergen-specific immunotherapy was made. The advantages of sublingual allergen-specificimmunotherapy in paediatric practice were demonstrated. Provides data on the efficiency and safety of pollinosis sublingual immunotherapy with sensitization to grass

The article presents the study of prevalence of allergic diseases among the employees of industrial sites located at former uranium ores mines in Lermontov region. The aim of the research was to study the spectrum of etiologically significant allergens, prevalence and clinical features of allergic diseases among the employees of industrial sites located at former uranium ores mines in Lermontov region. Materials and Methods. Analysis of data of screening questioning, clinical laboratory, functional and allergological methods of examination was performed. Results. The high prevalence of allergic diseases among employees of hydrometallurgical plant (OJSC GMP) and electromechanical plant (LLC EMP): 27,1 and 24,7%, respectively was found. Two employees of OJSC GMP and one of LLC EMPin 2014 had latent sensitization to pollen, but in 2015 demonstrated severe clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR). Conclusion. Respiratory forms of Ig-Emediated allergy - AR, bronchial asthma (BA) prevailed in the structure of allergic diseases among the employees of industrial sites located at former uranium ores mines in Lermontov region. 19,6% of OJSC GMP and 16,4% of LLC EMP employees showed an increased level of total IgE in the blood serum. No correlation between the increased total IgE and the presence of allergic deseases was established. These results can be explained by the weakening of the T-suppressor inhibitory mechanism that promotes IgE synthesis in response to antigenic stimulation (allergens, chemical factors, etc.).

The article tells about the epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. The focus is on the treatment of allergic rhinitis, the leading role of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of rhinitis, and the specific use of budesonide.

The article discusses pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment approaches in exerciseinduced asthma and post-exercise bronchoconstriction. Arguments in favor of using antileukotriene medications in complex treatment of patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction are presented.

This article presents data about the importance of chloropyramine in the treatment of allergic diseases and acute respiratory viral infections.

Background. To study of efficacy, tolerability and safety of nasal spray Prevalin in the treatment of allergic rhinitis patients. Methods. 30 patients with allergic rhinitis in the age of18 till 45 years were observed. Prevalin was given as one insufflation into each nasal cavity 3 times a day for 21 days. Results of treatment were assessed by the dynamics of clinical symptoms and the results of functional methods . Results. The positive clinical effect was observed in 22 patients (73,3%), using Prevalin. Clinical effect was characterized by the restoration of nasal breathing, reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa. We did not establish a good result of treatment in 8 patients. Conclusion. The study demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety of spray Prevalin.

Group of sportsmen of the youth national team of Russia in heavy athletics, which included practically healthy, with frequent respiratory diseases and athletes with allergies without exacerbation, the method of PCR in real time in the mucous membrane of the nose, throat and peripheral blood mononuclear a study was conducted of expression (mRNA) of a wide spectrum of genes involved in the development of immune reactions: IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-18; TLR2 and TLR4, TLR9, IFN-α, IFNγ, IL-28, IL-29, CD45, CD68, CD56, GATA3, TBX21, RORC2, Foxp3, TGF-β1. Changes in the form of increased expression of genes involved in the implementation of inflammation (IL-1, IL-8), receptors in innate immunity (TLR2 and TLR4) and the lower of the expression of transcription factor RORC2, providing retroactive regulation of inflammation are revealed only in athletes with Allergy (non-acute) and only in the tissues of the nose, throat.