Поствакцинальный и постинфекционный гуморальный иммунный ответ на инфекциюSARS-CoV-2 1 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства, 115522, г.Москва, Российская Федерация 2 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения

Использование антигистаминных препаратов в терапии аллергического ринита Н.В. Шартанова, Е

The review presents modern view on the immune system dysfunction growth, reduction of protective functions, inferiority of adaptation reactions and the adaptation of the humans to the negative effects of exogenous and endogenous damaging factors. The mechanisms of immune deficiency formation and modern methods of its correction are considered. The mechanisms of action of exogenous immunomodulators and their main advantages are presented by glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide example.

В обзоре представлены взгляды на причины роста нарушений функционирования иммунной системы, снижения ее защитных функций, неполноценность реакций адаптации и приспособления организма человека к негативному влиянию повреждающих факторов экзогенного и эндогенного происхождения. Рассмотрены данные о механизмах формирования иммунной недостаточности и современных методах ее коррекции. Представлены механизмы действия экзогенных иммуномодуляторов и их основные преимущества на примере глюкозаминилмурамилдипептида.he review presents modern view on the immune system dysfunction growth, reduction of protective functions, inferiority of adaptation reactions and the adaptation of the humans to the negative effects of exogenous and endogenous damaging factors. The mechanisms of immune deficiency formation and modern methods of its correction are considered. The mechanisms of action of exogenous immunomodulators and their main advantages are presented by glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide example.

Aim. To study cellular and humoral immunological parameters of the employees of production sites located at the former mining and uranium ore processing territories. Materials and methods. In this work the clinical laboratory and immunological methods of examination were used. Statistical processing of the results was performed by using nonparametric analysis methods in the StatSoft Statistica 6 software package. Results. 101 employees of Chepetskiy mechanical plant were examined at the age of 19-62. 76 (75.2%) of them contacted with industrial factor, 64 - with radiation and 12 - with chemical. 25 (24.8%) employees had no contact with industrial factor. The immunological examination of the employees in contact with industrial factor revealed laboratory signs of imbalance in the immune system with IgE-overproduction. The risk group for secondary immunodeficiency with the leading infectious syndrome was 15.8%. Conclusion. Changes of cellular and humoral parameters on average values were not revealed. Infectious syndrome - recurrent ETN viral infections (13.9%) and herpes virus infection (13.9%) prevailed in the structure of the employees of Chepetskiy mechanical plant. A statistically significant difference in the content (percentage and absolute) of CD16+ lymphocytes was found in the employees of Chepetskiy mechanical plant contacted with industrial factor. These results had no clinical significance, what can be considered as an adaptive response to the chemical factor.

Levocetirizine is an effective Hj-blocker in complex treatment of various allergic patients. Allergic rhinitis is often part of a systemic allergic inflammation associated with other allergic diseases, therefore systemic antihistamines are the drugs of choice in it’s treatment.

The aim. This study was aimed at assessment of clinical efficacy, tolerability and safety of two fixed combinations: Salticasone Aeronativ (salmeterol + fluticasone) 25/125 µg (Russia) compared to Seretide ® 25/125 3 µg (GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals C.A., Poland) in patients with uncontrolled and partly controlled asthma. Methods. This was a multicenter open randomized clinical trial involving two groups of patients at 1 : 1 ratio: patients treated with Salticasone Aeronativ or Seretide ® , two doses b.i.d. during 12 weeks. The primary endpoints were change in FEV1 from the baseline to the end of the study and proportion of patients achieving good asthma control to the end of the study according to ACT questionnaire. The secondary endpoints were change in the peak expiratory flow rate from the baseline to the end of the study; the average daily number of inhalations of short-acting beta-agonists as needed according to the patient’s dairy; time to the first exacerbation of asthma; asthma control level according to ACT questionnaire; change in asthma control according to ACQ questionnaire; change in quality of life according to AQLQ questionnaire; number of asthma exacerbations or seek for emergency care during the study. Results. One hundred and sixteen patients were included in the study, 58 patients in each group. The maximal length of the therapy was 98 days. Two groups did not differ significantly in all the primary and secondary end-points at baseline or in 12 weeks of therapy. The peak expiratory flow rate, asthma control level and quality of life improved equally in both the groups to the end of the study. Conclusion. The Russian combined aerosol inhaler Salticasone Aeronativ (salmeterol + fluticasone), 25/125 µg is equally effective as Seretide ® 25/125 µg (GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals C.A., Poland) in patients with uncontrolled and partly controlled asthma. Salticasone Aeronativ has the similar safety profile and tolerability as Seretide ® .

The aim. This study was aimed at assessment of clinical efficacy, tolerability and safety of two fixed combinations: Salticasone Aeronativ (salmeterol + fluticasone) 25/125 µg (Russia) compared to Seretide ® 25/125 3 µg (GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals C.A., Poland) in patients with uncontrolled and partly controlled asthma. Methods. This was a multicenter open randomized clinical trial involving two groups of patients at 1 : 1 ratio: patients treated with Salticasone Aeronativ or Seretide ® , two doses b.i.d. during 12 weeks. The primary endpoints were change in FEV1 from the baseline to the end of the study and proportion of patients achieving good asthma control to the end of the study according to ACT questionnaire. The secondary endpoints were change in the peak expiratory flow rate from the baseline to the end of the study; the average daily number of inhalations of short-acting beta-agonists as needed according to the patient’s dairy; time to the first exacerbation of asthma; asthma control level according to ACT questionnaire; change in asthma control according to ACQ questionnaire; change in quality of life according to AQLQ questionnaire; number of asthma exacerbations or seek for emergency care during the study. Results. One hundred and sixteen patients were included in the study, 58 patients in each group. The maximal length of the therapy was 98 days. Two groups did not differ significantly in all the primary and secondary end-points at baseline or in 12 weeks of therapy. The peak expiratory flow rate, asthma control level and quality of life improved equally in both the groups to the end of the study. Conclusion. The Russian combined aerosol inhaler Salticasone Aeronativ (salmeterol + fluticasone), 25/125 µg is equally effective as Seretide ® 25/125 µg (GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals C.A., Poland) in patients with uncontrolled and partly controlled asthma. Salticasone Aeronativ has the similar safety profile and tolerability as Seretide ® .

The article presents the study of prevalence of allergic diseases among the employees of industrial sites located at former uranium ores mines in Lermontov region. The aim of the research was to study the spectrum of etiologically significant allergens, prevalence and clinical features of allergic diseases among the employees of industrial sites located at former uranium ores mines in Lermontov region. Materials and Methods. Analysis of data of screening questioning, clinical laboratory, functional and allergological methods of examination was performed. Results. The high prevalence of allergic diseases among employees of hydrometallurgical plant (OJSC GMP) and electromechanical plant (LLC EMP): 27,1 and 24,7%, respectively was found. Two employees of OJSC GMP and one of LLC EMPin 2014 had latent sensitization to pollen, but in 2015 demonstrated severe clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR). Conclusion. Respiratory forms of Ig-Emediated allergy - AR, bronchial asthma (BA) prevailed in the structure of allergic diseases among the employees of industrial sites located at former uranium ores mines in Lermontov region. 19,6% of OJSC GMP and 16,4% of LLC EMP employees showed an increased level of total IgE in the blood serum. No correlation between the increased total IgE and the presence of allergic deseases was established. These results can be explained by the weakening of the T-suppressor inhibitory mechanism that promotes IgE synthesis in response to antigenic stimulation (allergens, chemical factors, etc.).

For many decades it was thought that exercise can only have a positive impact on health. However, increasingly there are publications over the past few years that this view is mistaken. The article presents data on asthma physical effort, its impact on the condition of the respiratory tract, preventive and medical methods to combat it.

Recent data about the influence of obesity on bronchial asthma natural course are represented in this article. There are different controversial data about interaction between these two multifactorial diseases. This problem is interested in many researchers working in the fields of endocrinology, therapy, pulmonology, allerglogy, genetics. Nevertheless this interest doesn’t give any clues to many questions coming from scientists.

Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most socially significant diseases of the respiratory system. The control over the symptoms of BA is achieved less than in 50% of cases even in highly developed countries. The reasons for the lack of control are heterogeneous. One of the most important reasons for the lack of control over symptoms BA in Russia is the unavailability of highly effective drugs for socially unprotected layers of the population. The solution of this problem could be the creation of Russian analogs for asthma treatment. A new Russian product - a combination of topical corticosteroids and DBA (fluticasone/salmeterol) - Suticase-native is going to appear on the Russian market. A study to assess the efficacy and safety of the new product was carried out on the base of three Russian scientific centers. This trail compared a new drug Suticase-nativ (salmeterol 50 mcg plus fluticasone propionate 250 mcg/dose), powder for inhalation (produced by «Nativ» - company, Russia), with its famous counterpart - a Seretide accuhaler diskus (salmeterol 50 mcg plus fluticasone propionate 250 mcg/ dose), powder for inhalation dosed, production Glaxo Operates UK Ltd, in patients with bronchial asthma. The results of the study showed high efficiency and safety of Suticase-Nativ, comparable to Seretide.

Bronchial asthma (BA) - a global public health problem worldwide. All treatments aimed at improving the control of symptoms of the disease, prevention of exacerbations and improving the quality of life for patients. The use of inhalation therapy is the basis for the treatment of all bronchoobstructive diseases. The effectiveness of treatment depends not only on the quality of the inhaled drug, but also by means of delivery of the drug into the bronchi. Easyhaler - a new dry powder inhaler, inhalation activated enables precise dosing of the drug. According to various studies, the method of delivery of drugs has proven high efficiency, ease to use and adherence of patients to the unit.

The extensive rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases (AD), which among the planet's population is now 15 to 30% or more, occupies the great attention of different specialists' to the mechanisms for the development and control of the symptoms of allergy. In view of the most important role of histamine in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, antihistamines are first-line line drugs in the pharmacotherapy of AD. Quinuclidine derivatives that combine the most useful properties of the first and second generations occupy a special place among histamines. The paper gives the data of clinical trials of the efficacy of the antihistamines quinuclidine derivatives in the treatment of various allergic diseases.

Background. To identify the prevalence of allergic diseases, characteristics of the spectrum of allergens in athletes of the highest achievements. Materials and Methods. 417 athletes of the highest achievements were examined (members of the Russian Federation national teams of different sports). To assess the allergic status of the athletes allergological, pharmacological, nutritional histories were collected. Also we used skin prick tests with various groups of allergens, identification of allergen-specific IgE in serum (indicated) to confirm allergy. Results. Among the athletes of highest achievements a high prevalence of AD (24,5%) was revealed. In 20,3% latent sensitization was determined. The sensitization to the domestic and epidermal allergens was predominant (90,2%). In the spectrum of pollen allergens in 62,5% of athletes sensitization to Compositae and Chenopodiaceae pollen was dominated. In structure of AD AR occurred in 50%, hay fever — in 20,5%, urticaria — in 13,7%, drug allergy — in 10,8%, asthma — in 7,8%. Conclusion. Early detection and adequate therapy of AD in athletes will significantly improve the health level and athletic performance.

According to various authors up to 25% of athletes suffer from allergies. In this review, we are talking about allergodermatoses. Various immunological mechanisms are underlying of skin reactions in elite athletes. Interesting facts about anaphylaxis, associated with physical activity and consumption of some food as well as about contact and atopic dermatitis are presented.

Background. To study of efficacy, tolerability and safety of nasal spray Prevalin in the treatment of allergic rhinitis patients. Methods. 30 patients with allergic rhinitis in the age of18 till 45 years were observed. Prevalin was given as one insufflation into each nasal cavity 3 times a day for 21 days. Results of treatment were assessed by the dynamics of clinical symptoms and the results of functional methods . Results. The positive clinical effect was observed in 22 patients (73,3%), using Prevalin. Clinical effect was characterized by the restoration of nasal breathing, reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa. We did not establish a good result of treatment in 8 patients. Conclusion. The study demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety of spray Prevalin.