A comprehensive evaluation of allogeneic human bone-derived gelatin (hBG) was conducted as a promising material for regenerative medicine and 3D bioprinting. Comparative analysis with a commercial animal-derived gelatin product (hereinafter CDH) revealed a similar FTIR spectral profile, confirming the retention of key functional groups. Rheological analysis under steady shear showed that hBG is a pseudoplastic fluid with a concentration-dependent viscosity. However, a complete characterization of bioinks requires oscillatory measurements (G', G″, and gelation point), which are planned in future studies. In vitro experiments on spheroid models (chondroblasts) demonstrated biocompatibility, an absence of cytotoxicity, and support for cell viability in 5% and 10% (hBG-5/10) matrices. Owing to its origin, the material allows for the modeling of "human-in-human" conditions, which makes it a promising precursor for the development of bioinks and matrices in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. However, definitive positioning of the material as a bioink requires additional oscillatory rheological studies (determination of G', G″, thixotropy, and gelation point), which were not performed in the present work.

Dry bulk fractions of osteoconductive granular biopolymers (OGB) are a common choice for addressing jawbone defects. These, in conjunction with an insulating biological membrane, form bioengineered scaffold structures. In the recipient site, the OGB fraction undergoes biotransformation, morphing from a bulk granular fraction into a stable conglomerate. The biotransformation of the OGB fraction is a physical process initiated by the biological environment of the recipient site. This process is characterized by granule compaction due to reduced intergranular space volume, leading to an uncontrolled decrease in the planned volume of the OGB. This is one of the causes of postoperative complications. This study aims to identify prognostic indicators that characterize the dynamics of changes in the physical property of the total volume of the OGB fraction following the addressing of a jawbone defect (in the postoperative period). To minimize these limitations, the study substantiated the use of prognostic indicators that can characterize the behavior of the entire volume of the OGB fraction within the recipient site during the postoperative period. The study presents the true adsorption capacity (ACT) and compaction coefficient (CC) of the OGB fraction. Gas adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy substantiate that preoperative preparation methods enhance the physical property of the OGB fraction. These methods include the extraction of coarse and fine industrial dust from the granule surfaces and the removal of air pockets from the granule pores. Thus, studying OGB behavior in the recipient site justifies the use of prognostic indicators, which is clinically significant. These indicators enable the surgeon to design a 3D sculpture of the bioengineered scaffold structures, considering the changes in the physical property of the OGB fraction during the postoperative period. This approach minimizes the risks of postoperative complications caused by uncontrolled compaction of the OGB fraction. Preoperative preparation of the OGB fraction can significantly enhance its adsorption capacity, increasing it by up to 25 %.

Background: Complex graft bioengineering is an actual topic in bone defects' repair. For those, different scaffolds may be seeded with mesenchymal stromal cells and growth / differentiation factors. The natural role of platelet factors in reparative processes justifies the possibility of its usage for mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts in vitro in terms of the scaffold-based bioengineering. To develop and evaluate in vitro biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of a complex biograft based on a bioorganic scaffold seeded with human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and saturated with growth and differentiation factors of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma. Results: The properties of viability and adhesion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in four types of bioorganic scaffolds were evaluated with biochemical and immunomorphological methods. Scaffold with the least cytotoxicity was used as a basis for complex biograft formation, so as a carrier for cells and platelet -derived factors. Then, cell proliferation activity and osteogenic differentiation were estimated with biochemical, morphological, histochemical and molecular -biological methods. The study showed high viability of cells in all bioorganic scaffolds but the least cytotoxicity was the one based on xenogeneic collagen sponge. We also found that allogeneic platelet -rich plasma positively affects the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in a complex biograft in vitro . Conclusions: The properties of the developed complex biograft characterize its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity and make it potentially suitable for regenerative medicine, particularly for reconstructive surgery of bone defects. How to cite: Danilkovich NN, Kosmacheva SM, Ionova AG, et al. Formation of osteoconductive biograft with bioorganic scaffold, human mesenchymal stromal cells, and platelet rich plasma with its evaluation in vitro . Electron J Biotechnol 2024;69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2024.01.004. (c) 2024 Pontificia Universidad Cat & oacute;lica de Valparaiso. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Relevance. Tension-free herniolasty of the anterior abdominal wall is currently the accepted standard for large ventral hernia repairing. The implementation of this approach has been marked by a significant improvement in treatment outcomes. The issues of improving the quality of life of patients after surgery and their effective rehabilitation through the application of the optimal technique of tension-free hernioplasty are now at the forefront. Objective. To compare the immediate and long-term results of treatment of patients with large postoperative midline ven­tral hernias using anterior and posterior techniques of separation of abdominal wall components. Object and methods . 114 patients with large postoperative midline ventral hernias were divided into two groups: the patients of the first group (38 patients) underwent hernioplasty using the anterior separation technique, and the patients of the second group (76 patients) - posterior separation. We evaluated the immediate (complica­tions in the area of surgery, duration of surgical wound drainage and duration of hospitalization) and long-term (functional restoration of the abdominal wall) results of treatment with subsequent comparative analysis of data between the groups using descriptive statistics methods. Results. The present study is the first to compare the immediate and long-term results of using anterior and posterior techniques for separation of anterior abdominal wall components during surgery for midline ventral hernias. It was found that both variants demonstrate good immediate and long-term results in the treatment of patients with median postoperative ventral hernias of large size. At the same time, the anterior separa­tion technique is accompanied by a significantly higher number of complications and, accordingly, is characterized by a higher risk of their de­velopment, as well as requires a longer stay of the patient in the hospital.

The current paper highlights the active development of tissue engineering in the field of the biofabrication of living tissue analogues through 3D-bioprinting technology. The implementation of the latter is impossible without important products such as bioinks and their basic components, namely, hydrogels. In this regard, tissue engineers are searching for biomaterials to produce hydrogels with specified properties both in terms of their physical, mechanical and chemical properties and in terms of local biological effects following implantation into an organism. One of such effects is the provision of the optimal conditions for physiological reparative regeneration by the structural components that form the basis of the biomaterial. Therefore, qualitative assessment of the composition of the protein component of a biomaterial is a significant task in tissue engineering and bioprinting. It is important for predicting the behaviour of printed constructs in terms of their gradual resorption followed by tissue regeneration due to the formation of a new extracellular matrix. One of the most promising natural biomaterials with significant potential in the production of hydrogels and the bioinks based on them is the polymer collagen of allogeneic origin, which plays an important role in maintaining the structural and biological integrity of the extracellular matrix, as well as in the morphogenesis and cellular metabolism of tissues, giving them the required mechanical and biochemical properties. In tissue engineering, collagen is widely used as a basic biomaterial because of its availability, biocompatibility and facile combination with other materials. This manuscript presents the main results of a mass spectrometry analysis (proteomic assay) of the lyophilized hydrogel produced from the registered Lyoplast® bioimplant (allogeneic human bone tissue), which is promising in the field of biotechnology. Proteomic assays of the investigated lyophilized hydrogel sample showed the presence of structural proteins (six major collagen fibers of types I, II, IV, IX, XXVII, XXVIII were identified), extracellular matrix proteins, and mRNA-stabilizing proteins, which participate in the regulation of transcription, as well as inducer proteins that mediate the activation of regeneration, including the level of circadian rhythm. The research results offer a new perspective and indicate the significant potential of the lyophilized hydrogels as an effective alternative to synthetic and xenogeneic materials in regenerative medicine, particularly in the field of biotechnology, acting as a matrix and cell-containing component of bioinks for 3D bioprinting.

Aim – to evaluate in vitro the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of a hybrid graft based on a bioorganic matrix, human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) and osteogenic growth factors. Material and methods. Bioorganic matrices were studied for biocompatibility with human BM-MSC culture used in traumatology and orthopedics. For promoted osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs, allogeneic plasma enriched with soluble platelet factors was used. The osteogenic potential of BM-MSCs by the synthesis of mRNAs of early (transcription factor 2 (Run X2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and late genes (osteopontin (OSP)) of osteogenesis was analyzed. The properties of cell adhesion and proliferation of MSCs in the conditions of a three-dimensional hybrid graft by the MTT test and fluorescence microscopy were assessed. Results. The biocompatibility of the studied bioorganic matrices with human BM-MSCs was established. The collagen matrix promoted rapid cell adhesion and proliferation between the scaffold fibrils. It has also been established that allogeneic platelet-rich plasma affects the osteogenic differentiation of human BM-MSCs in vitro, increasing the expression of marker genes RunX2, ALP, OSP. When modeling a hybrid graft in vitro, the formation of a tight contact between the alloimplant and collagen biopolymer using MSCs was shown. Conclusion. The biological properties of the developed hybrid cell-tissue graft characterize its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of its constituent components, which makes it promising for use in regenerative medicine, especially in reconstructive surgery of bone defects.

The musculoskeletal system, consisting of bones and cartilage of various types, muscles, ligaments, and tendons, is the basis of the human body. However, many pathological conditions caused by aging, lifestyle, disease, or trauma can damage its elements and lead to severe disfunction and significant worsening in the quality of life. Due to its structure and function, articular (hyaline) cartilage is the most susceptible to damage. Articular cartilage is a non-vascular tissue with constrained self-regeneration capabilities. Additionally, treatment methods, which have proven efficacy in stopping its degradation and promoting regeneration, still do not exist. Conservative treatment and physical therapy only relieve the symptoms associated with cartilage destruction, and traditional surgical interventions to repair defects or endoprosthetics are not without serious drawbacks. Thus, articular cartilage damage remains an urgent and actual problem requiring the development of new treatment approaches. The emergence of biofabrication technologies, including three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, at the end of the 20th century, allowed reconstructive interventions to get a second wind. Three-dimensional bioprinting creates volume constraints that mimic the structure and function of natural tissue due to the combinations of biomaterials, living cells, and signal molecules to create. In our case—hyaline cartilage. Several approaches to articular cartilage biofabrication have been developed to date, including the promising technology of 3D bioprinting. This review represents the main achievements of such research direction and describes the technological processes and the necessary biomaterials, cell cultures, and signal molecules. Special attention is given to the basic materials for 3D bioprinting—hydrogels and bioinks, as well as the biopolymers underlying the indicated products.

Aim – to study the immunomodulator-induced individual cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to evaluate the potential of using this approach as a universal cellular test system in personalized medicine. Material and methods. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells given by donors were cultured in vitro in the presence of immunomodulators Imunofan and Polyoxidonium. After incubation, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the culture medium for the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8, MCP-1/CCL2, and IFN-α cytokines was performed. Results. The results of the experiment have demonstrated the absence of spontaneous or immunomodulator-induced production of IFN-α by PBMCs. These data correspond to the information presented earlier in the scientific literature. We also observed a pronounced inhibitory effect of both immunomodulators on the production of cytokines MCP-1/CCL2, IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8 by PBMCs, along with the individual variability of their production and the cumulative effect of production over time. Conclusion. The features of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by PBMCs into the medium in the presence of immunomodulators, revealed by the in vitro screening, can be used to develop universal in vitro cellular test systems for personalized diagnosis of a number of socially significant inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

A prospective comparative analysis, i.e. the results of treatment of 68 patients, was carried out. The focal form of chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the distal third of the tibia was focused. All patients were subjected to surgical debridement of the osteomyelitic focus on the variant of osteonecrectomy, followed by myoplastic reconstruction of the formed bone defect with chopped autologous muscle. In 30 patients, the traditional method of myoplastic reconstruction was used, and in 38 patients, the improved one. We added autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (hereinafter - PRP) to the muscle graft before placing it into the bone defect. After filling in the defect, we sutured a Resorbable Collagen Membrane (hereinafter - RCM) to its edges in order to seal the defect and additionally fix the muscle graft. The dynamics of changes in the structure and the rate of fixation of the muscle graft to the walls of the bone cavity, the duration of the local inflammatory response, the duration of hospitalization, short-term outcomes, and long-term results of treatment in the comparison groups were evaluated.

Bio-inks consisting of pectin (Pec), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO) were used to prepare films by solution casting and 3D-printing methods. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was conducted to observe that the surface of samples made by 3D bioprinter was denser and more compact than the solution cast samples. In addition, Pec/CMC/ZnO made by 3D-bioprinter (Pec/CMC/ZnO-3D) revealed enhanced water vapor barrier, hydrophobicity, and mechanical properties. Pec/CMC/ZnO-3D also showed strong antimicrobial activity within 12 h against S. aureus and E. coli O157: H7 bacterial strains compared to the solution cast films. Further, the nanocomposite bio-inks used for 3D printing did not show cytotoxicity towards normal human dermal fibroblast (NDFB) cells but enhanced the fibroblast proliferation with increasing exposure concentration of the sample. The study provided two important inferences. Firstly, the 3D bioprinting method can be an alternative, better, and more practical method for fabricating biopolymer film instead of solution casting, which is the main finding of this work defining its novelty. Secondly, the Pec/CMC/ZnO can potentially be used as 3D bio-inks to fabricate functional films or scaffolds and biomedical applications.

The article presents the experience of low molecular weight heparins usage in outpatient general surgery in compromised patients, namely with abscessed cellulitis of the fingers and toes affected by moderate and high risk of thromboembolic complications developing. The results of the study indicate that the low molecular weight heparins usage in patients with abscessed cellulitis of the fingers and toes affected by moderate or high risk of thromboembolic complications significantly reduces the chances and the probability of purulonecrotic complications in the area of intervention in the early postoperative period (OR = 4.32, RR = 3.60). Also, in this category of patients on the back of low molecular weight heparins usage significantly enhanced chances and probability (OR = 5.60, RR = 4.73) of the favorable treatment outcomes development are observed, consisting in the safekeeping of fingers (toes) and its functional activities.

The work is devoted to the study of the influence of diabetic foot syndrome on the clinical course of an ingrown nail (onychocryptosis). The article provides comparative information about the complications of onychocryptosis in the presence of diabetic foot syndrome and without it at the time of patients seeking medical help, as well as in the postoperative period during surgical treatment. The results of the study indicate that the presence of concomitant diabetic foot syndrome in patients significantly contributes to a higher chance and likelihood of developing regional complications of inflammatory onychocryptosis at the prehospital stage (OR = 11.2 RR = 6.9), as well as purulent - necrotic complications in the postoperative period (OR = 4.8 RR = 3.5). In addition, the presence of diabetic foot syndrome significantly contributes to an increase in the duration of wound epithelialization after surgery for onychocryptosis.

In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of the most common methods of conservative treatment and orthopedic correction of an ingrown toenail at early stages used in outpatient surgical practice. We evaluated treatment outcomes and compared them using the methods of evidence-based medicine. We found that the orthopedic approach is significantly more effective than conservative treatment.

Наука России: Цели и задачи РАЗДЕЛ X. БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ Сонис А.Г

Работа посвящена изучению эффективности методов хирургического лечения осложненной подногтевой гематомы у пациентов с закрытыми повреждениями дистальной фаланги пальцев кисти и стопы. В статье представлена информация о таких методиках вмешательства при данной патологии, как частичная резекция, удаление ногтевой пластины, а также операция онихоперфорации. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что онихоперфорация, по сравнению с резекцией и удалением ногтевой пластины, достоверно способствует снижению вероятности развития осложнений воспалительного (ОШ=4,97 ОР=4,63) и гнойно-некротического (ОШ=10,0 ОР=9,25) характера в ближайшем послеоперационном периоде, а также снижает риски искривления ногтевой пластины в отдаленном периоде (ОШ=7,31 ОР=5,92).

Objective a retrospective assessment of the bedsores' features, the optimization of treatment tactics, evaluation of long-term treatment results. Material and methods.The study group included 38 patients with stage IV decubitus ulcers according to the classification of AHCPR localized in the sacral region, the area of the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter. Results.We determined the critical time intervals for the decubitus ulcers occurrence. It has been found that in most patients bedsores are remaining for a long period of time. The modern complex methods for the IV stage decubitus ulcers treatment with the plastics of the soft tissue defects revealed their reliably higher effectiveness. Conclusion.The formation of bedsores most often occurs during the first month after the injury and three years after the injury. The treatment of patients with this pathology should be comprehensive and carried out in the well-equipped purulent surgery department by the specialists experienced in treating such patients. The plastic surgery by displaced blood-supplying flaps contributes to success in the treatment of stage IV bedsores.

The work is devoted to assessing the risk of developing panaritium after microtrauma of the fingers in patients with such a severe metabolic disorder as diabetes mellitus.The article also provides information on the peculiarities of the formation of local and regional purulent-inflammatory complications before and after operations in patients with panaritiums with diabetes mellitus.The results of the study indicate that diabetes mellitus significantly contributes to a higher likelihood of developing panaritium after microtrauma of the fingers.Also, patients with diabetes mellitus, have significantly higher level of complications is noted, although there was no direct relationship between these parameters.

Цель – ретроспективная оценка особенностей развития декубитальных язв, оптимизация тактики лечения, оценка отдаленных результатов лечения. Материал и методы . В группу исследования вошли 38 пациентов с декубитальными язвами IV степени по классификации AHCPR, локализованными в области крестца, седалищного бугра и большого вертела бедра. Результаты. Определены критические временные промежутки возникновения декубитальных язв. Установлено, что у большинства пациентов декубитальные язвы присутствуют на протяжении длительного периода времени. Выявлена достоверно более высокая эффективность современных методов комплексного лечения декубитальных язв IV стадии с пластическим закрытием дефектов мягких тканей. Выводы. Образование декубитальных язв наиболее часто происходит в течение первого месяца, а также через три года после травматического воздействия. Лечение пациентов с данной патологией должно быть комплексным и проводиться в специализированном отделении гнойной хирургии, обладающем достаточным опытом лечения, соответствующим техническим оснащением и штатом специалистов. Основой комплекса лечебных мероприятий при декубитальных язвах IV стадии должно быть пластическое вмешательство с закрытием дефектов перемещенными кровоснабжаемыми лоскутами тканей.

Aim - to provide an over view of the literature sources and Internet materials about the problem of ingrown toenail - the historical background, immediacy of the problem, diagnosis of this pathology, main traditional and modern approaches to its prevention and treatment. Conclusion. The problem of the ingrown toenail retains its relevance right up to the present days, despite the achievements of medical science and industry, which requires further improvement of methods for the prevention and treatment of this complex disease.