目的:研究闵行区疾病预防控制中心实践基地带教效果,确定预防医学专业和临床医学专业学生对实践技能带教内容需求,为进一步规范化建设实践基地提供参考依据.方法:采用自行设计的问卷,对预防医学专业55名学生和临床医学专业141名学生开展实践效果和实践质量满意度调查.结果:预防医学专业学生实践总体评价认为有收获者占92.7％(51/55),在具体公共卫生实践经验85.5％(47/55)、疾控工作流程与基本网络83.6％(46/55)、人际沟通83.6％(46/55)、团队协作83.6％(46/55)以及独立思考83.6％(46/55)方面收获较大;对实践基地带教老师工作态度92.7％(51/55)、专业水平89.1％(49/55)和疾控培训设施89.1％(49/55)等方面满意度较高.临床医学专业学生对带教老师工作态度97.9％(138/141)、培训设施95.7％(135/141)和带教老师专业水平95.0％(134/141)方面评价较高.但两类学生对实践基地总体评价满意度,分别为80.0％(44/55)和7.8％(11/141)的学生满意.结论:开展公共卫生技能实践对预防医学本科生和临床医学专业学生很有必要,但实践基地还需进一步优化带教内容,制作具有品牌效应的公共卫生带教课件,建立完善的带教工作质量评价制度.

目的 了解上海市长宁区公共卫生场所集中空调通风系统的卫生状况,提出相应的改进措施,并为相关部门开展卫生监督和管理提供参考.方法 依据(DB31/T 405—2012)《上海市集中空调通风系统卫生管理规范》和(GB/T 18204.1—2013)《公共场所卫生检验方法第1部分:物理因素》规定的方法和步骤,对上海市长宁区44家公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生状况进行监测和评估.监测指标包括:送风中的PM10浓度,风管内表面的细菌总数、真菌总数和积尘量,以及冷凝水或冷却水中的嗜肺军团菌.结果 共检测44家公共场所的集中空调通风系统,其中36家(81.8％)的送检样品全部合格.39家(88.6％)公共场所设有新风装置.共采集样品872份,所检指标合格率98.6％(除风管内表面积尘量合格率为94.5％,其他指标的合格率均为100％).办公场所与文娱场所集中空调通风系统的风管内表面积尘量合格率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.938,P=0.164).结论 上海市长宁区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况尚可,个别指标还有待提高.加强公共场所集中空调通风系统的清洁和消毒,相关部门应加大监管力度.

BackgroundLong working hours (LWH) and shift work are harmful to the physical and mental health of occupational groups.ObjectiveTo understand the status quo of LWH and shift work of migrant workers in Shanghai, and to analyze the influence of the above two factors on sleep of the population.MethodsFrom July to September 2018, a cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was conducted among 3215 in-service employees at seven workplaces with more than 300 employees in six selected districts of Shanghai using multi-stage random sampling method. A total of 2976 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 92.6%. The questionnaires included general demographic characteristics, personal health behavior, work-related factors, weekly working hours, shift work, and sleep. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the relationships of LWH and shift work with sleep, and an interaction item was included to evaluate potential interaction between LWH and shift work.ResultThe average age of the subjects was (30.98±9.49) years old, the male to female ratio was 1∶1.20, and 2382 workers were reported without local residency (80.0%). Among the migrant workers, the average weekly working hours was (57.23±13.14) h, the proportions of LWH (weekly working hours>40 h), extra LWH (weekly working hours>55 h), and shift work were 80.6% (1919/2382), 60.3% (1436/2382), and 25.4% (600/2366), respectively, all above were significantly higher than those of local workers. The prevalence rates of insomnia and lack of sleep among the migrant workers were 46.3% (1091/2356) and 25.4% (597/2354), respectively. The results of logistic regression model showed that after adjusting demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education level, and monthly income, as well as occupation and personal health behavior, compared with working hours ≤40 h per week, working 55-60 h per week was a risk factor for insomnia of migrant workers (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.02-1.72), while working >60 h per week was a risk factor for both insomnia (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.05-1.78) and insufficient sleep (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.28-2.35) of migrant workers. Shift work was only associated with insomnia (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.11-1.69). Meanwhile, working hours>60 h per week and shift work had an interaction effect on insomnia of migrant workers (OR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.20-4.60).ConclusionLWH and shift work are prominent among migrant workers, and there is an interaction between LWH and shift work with insomnia.

BackgroundThe community is the main place for people's daily activities. A livable environment will improve the subjective well-being of residents. ObjectiveTo understand the current status of subjective well-being of residents in Pudong, Shanghai, and explore the impact of community environmental factors on residents' subjective well-being. MethodsUsing quota sampling, 6000 permanent residents from 12 sub-districts or towns in Pudong, Shanghai were selected to participate in an questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included three parts: participants' basic information, community environmental factors (neighborhood aesthetics, fitness environment, public service and security, natural environment), and subjective well-being. Using a multiple regression model, the influence of community environmental factors on the subjective well-being of residents was analyzed. ResultsA total of 5887 questionnaires were recovered, and the valid recovery rate was 98.1%. The subjective well-being score of the survey respondents was (7.03±1.61) points. There was no statistical difference in the subjective well-being score of study subjects of different gender and marital status groups; while those with different ages, education levels, occupations, and self-evaluated economic status showed statistical differences in their subjective well-being score (P<0.05). The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that after controlling general demographic characteristics, with the low level as the control group (according predetermined cut-off values of 33.3% and 66.7%, the community environmental factors were divided into high-, medium-, and low-level groups), the OR values of subjective well-being of the high- and medium-level neighborhood aesthetics groups were 1.393 (95%CI: 1.173-1.654) and 1.235 (95%CI: 1.080-1.412); the OR values of the high- and medium-level fitness environment groups were 2.297 (95%CI: 1.929-2.734) and 1.349 (95%CI: 1.166-1.560); the OR values of the high- and medium-level public service and security groups were 1.101 (95%CI: 0.943-1.285) and 1.039 (95%CI: 0.905-1.193); the OR values of the high- and medium-level natural environment groups were 4.248 (95%CI: 3.321-5.434) and 1.652 (95%CI: 1.374-1.986), respectively. ConclusionCommunity environment factors could affect residents' subjective well-being, and good neighborhood aesthetics, fitness environment, natural environment have positive effects.

Background The control of vaccine hesitancy and the promotion of vaccination are key protective measures against COVID-19. Objective This study assesses the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and the vaccination rate and examines the association between factors of the health belief model (HBM) and vaccination. Methods A convenience sample of 2531 valid participants from 31 provinces and autonomous regions of mainland China were enrolled in this online survey study from January 1 to 24, 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the associations of the vaccination rate and HBM factors with the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy after other covariates were controlled. Results The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 44.3% (95% CI 42.3%-46.2%), and the vaccination rate was 10.4% (9.2%-11.6%). The factors that directly promoted vaccination behavior were a lack of vaccine hesitancy (odds ratio [OR] 7.75, 95% CI 5.03-11.93), agreement with recommendations from friends or family for vaccination (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.75-5.52), and absence of perceived barriers to COVID-19 vaccination (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.75). The factors that were directly associated with a higher vaccine hesitancy rate were a high level of perceived barriers (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.36-1.95) and perceived benefits (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.79). A mediating effect of self-efficacy, influenced by perceived barriers (standardized structure coefficient [SSC]=−0.71, P<.001), perceived benefits (SSC=0.58, P<.001), agreement with recommendations from authorities (SSC=0.27, P<.001), and agreement with recommendations from friends or family (SSC=0.31, P<.001), was negatively associated with vaccination (SSC=−0.45, P<.001) via vaccine hesitancy (SSC=−0.32, P<.001). Conclusions It may be possible to increase the vaccination rate by reducing vaccine hesitancy and perceived barriers to vaccination and by encouraging volunteers to advocate for vaccination to their friends and family members. It is also important to reduce vaccine hesitancy by enhancing self-efficacy for vaccination, due to its crucial mediating function.

Objective: To understand the current situation of the hesitation of COVID-19 vaccines among Chinese residents, analyze the factors of vaccine hesitancy based on the 3Cs model, and to provide reference for population intervention. Methods: From Dec 31, 2020 to Jan 11, 2021, a convenience sampling method was adopted to conduct an online survey of residents in 34 provinces, cities and autonomous regions across the country.The survey content included demographic characteristics, vaccine hesitancy, and the dimensions of the 3Cs (confidence, complacency, and convenience) model.We analyzed the influence of demographic characteristics on vaccine hesitancy by χ2 test.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effects of 3Cs variables on vaccine hesitancy. Results: A total of 2 531 respondents were surveyed.Their average age was (33.9±8.9) years old, male to female ratio was 1:1.42, and vaccine hesitating respondents accounted for 44.3%.Logistic regression analysis found that gender (ORfemale=1.33, 95%CI: 1.12-1.58), monthly income (compared with 10 000=1.57, 95%CI: 1.25-1.97), healthcare workers(ORno=1.39, 95%CI: 1.12-1.73), and confidence (OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.40-0.56) and complacency (OR=2.49, 95%CI: 2.10-2.96) in the 3Cs model showed statistically significant impacts on the hesitation of COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion: The confidence and complacency dimensions in the 3Cs model have an impact on the hesitation of COVID-19 vaccines.Future interventions can focus on improving the public's confidence and reducing complacency associated with COVID-19 vaccines to increase the vaccination rate. © 2021, Editorial Department of Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences. All right reserved.

The current study aims to identify psychosocial factors based on protection motivation theory (PMT) influencing Chinese adults’ willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine after the emergency use authorization of the New Coronavirus Inactivated Vaccine in China. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Chinese residents aged 18–59 years, and 2528 respondents from 31 provinces and autonomous regions were included in the current study. Based on PMT, threat appraisals and coping appraisals were measured. Hierarchical multiple regressions and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the relationships between the PMT constructs and vaccination willingness after other covariates were controlled for. A total of 1411 (55.8%) respondents reported being willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The PMT model explained 26.6% (p < 0.001) of the variance in the vaccine willingness. The coping appraisals, including response efficacy, self-efficacy, and response costs, were significantly correlated with the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and response efficacy was the strongest influencing factor (adjusted OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 2.42–3.54). In conclusion, the coping appraisals for vaccination, instead of threat appraisals regarding the pandemic itself, mainly influenced people’s willingness to get vaccinated after the emergency use authorization of the COVID-19 vaccine in China. These findings are helpful for developing education and interventions to promote vaccination willingness and enhance public health outcomes during a pandemic.