BACKGROUND:Camellia oleifera Abel. is one of the four major woody oil species whose seeds produce high-grade edible oil. In recent years, the planting area of Camellia oleifera is increasing in China. However, in the process of cultivation, due to the high fruit load, the Camellia oleifera tree has small fruit and poor quality. In previous studies, we explored the optimal leaf-fruit ratio. In this study, the changes of molecular regulation mechanism of Camellia oleifera under different leaf-fruit ratios were revealed by combining physiological indexes with transcriptome data. RESULT:The physiological results showed that the content of MDA and starch in leaves increased significantly with the decrease in the leaf-to-fruit ratio. The results of transcriptome showed that there was a close relationship between leaf-fruit ratio and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. With the decrease of leaf-fruit ratio, the expression of genes related to lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis increased significantly, which promoted the synthesis of lignin and flavonoid. CONCLUSIONS:Combining physiological indicators and transcriptomics, we demonstrated that leaf-fruit ratio can significantly affect the normal growth of plants. When the fruit load is too high, the fruit as a 'sink' will consume a large amount of nutrients in the plant body and promote the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids in the body. The results provide a more reliable scientific basis for the study of cultivation and management of Camellia oleifera.

Background Idesia polycarpa Maxim. is a high-quality, high-yield, edible oil tree species native to eastern Asia, where it plays important roles in ensuring national food and oil security, promoting ecological development, and facilitating rural revitalization. However, the commercial development of I. polycarpa has been hampered by the fact that it is primarily propagated by seeds, the required dormancy of which leads to low natural germination rates. Tissue culture technology offers the advantages of rapid propagation, high multiplication rates, and independence from seasonal factors, enabling the rapid production of large quantities of high-quality seedlings. The aim of this study was to establish an efficient aseptic germination system for I. polycarpa seeds. Methods This study utilized I. polycarpa seeds as the experimental material to investigate the effects of different disinfection times, basic medium variations, activated carbon (AC) concentrations, and the types and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on aseptic germination. Subsequently, sterile seedlings were used as explants to screen for the effects of sucrose concentration and the types and concentrations of PGRs on rooting. The study also investigated how different substrate ratios and container types influenced the post-transplant survival rate of tissue-cultured I. polycarpa seedlings. Results The results showed that the optimal time was 10 min for I. polycarpa seed disinfection with 0.1% HgCl2. The most suitable medium for I. polycarpa seed germination was 1/2 MS medium supplemented with GA3 (1.0 mg·L−1) and AC (1.0 g·L−1), achieving a germination rate of 96.0%. A sucrose concentration of 10.0 g·L−1 was most beneficial for rooting. When using a single plant growth regulator, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) had the most significant effect on I . polycarpa root induction. The optimal medium for root development was Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with IBA (0.3 mg·L−1) and α-naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) (0.5 mg·L−1), resulting in a 100% rooting rate and an average of 22.17 roots. These roots had an average length of 3.4 cm and were abundant and vigorous. Tissue-cultured seedlings were transplanted into transparent plastic cups containing a mixed substrate of organic nutrient soil (BALTIC PEAT), perlite, and vermiculite in a ratio of 2:1:1 (V/V/V). They grew vigorously, with a survival rate as high as 96.67%. The findings of this study can provide technical support for the factory breeding of I. polycarpa seedlings.

Camellia oleifera is highly vulnerable to drought during flowering, yet the physiological basis of floral sensitivity remains unclear. We compared two cultivars, ‘Huashuo’ and ‘Huaxin’, under progressive drought using integrated physiological measurements and transcriptomics. Drought markedly impaired floral-bud development, with ‘Huaxin’ showing more severe necrosis and reduced pollen viability. Both cultivars exhibited decreased relative water content and increased lipid peroxidation, while ‘Huashuo’ maintained higher activities of CAT, POD, and SOD and higher levels of SS, SP, and Pro than ‘Huaxin’. Hormone profiling showed ABA and GA₃ increases in both cultivars; IAA decreased in ‘Huashuo’ (with a clear decline at the later stage) but increased in ‘Huaxin’. CTK responses diverged between cultivars—rising in ‘Huashuo’ and falling in ‘Huaxin’—whereas SA rose transiently in ‘Huaxin’, and JA displayed a transient rise in ‘Huaxin’ and a later decline in ‘Huashuo’. Physiological and hormonal indicators correlated with drought-induced floral damage, and a membership-function–based index confirmed the superior drought tolerance of ‘Huashuo’. Transcriptome sequencing identified 132,479 unigenes and 25,656 differentially expressed genes; WGCNA highlighted 41 genes linked to floral development, including 18 candidates potentially regulating floral organogenesis under drought. These results refine the floral-stage drought-response model in Camellia oleifera and provide targets for breeding drought-resilient germplasm.

Idesia polycarpa is an important woody oil crop widely used for edible and industrial oils, landscaping, bioenergy, medicine, and cosmetics. However, its drought tolerance remains poorly understood at the molecular level. This study investigated the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on drought responses in I. polycarpa seedlings. Drought stress reduced chlorophyll content and thinned leaf tissues, whereas ABA treatment maintained chlorophyll levels and increased palisade tissue thickness. Physiologically, ABA enhanced leaf relative water content, promoted osmolyte accumulation, reduced electrolyte leakage, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that ABA activated the plant hormone signaling pathway and the ascorbate–aldarate metabolism pathway, regulating the expression of key genes including PP2C51, TIFY10A, GID2, AUX22D, IAA27, and MIOX1, AKR4C9, thereby maintaining internal hormonal balance. Consequently, ABA, IAA, and GA levels increased, whereas JA and SA levels decreased. These findings indicate that exogenous ABA enhances drought tolerance in I. polycarpa seedlings through coordinated morphological, physiological, and molecular responses, providing a theoretical basis for seedling management and the development of drought-resistant cultivars.

Low temperature stress represents a significant abiotic stress factor affecting rice yields. While the structure and some of the functions of cell cycle protein-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (CKI) family proteins have been the subject of study, their relevance to cold tolerance in rice has been less investigated. In this study, we cloned OsEL2 (LOC_Os03g01740) and constructed anti-expression lines of this gene. The resulting lines exhibited significant cold sensitivity and displayed greater oxidative damage than wild type Nippobare (Nip). However, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), were significantly elevated in OsEL2-AX plants in comparison to Nip following exposure to 4 °C stress. RNA sequencing revealed the presence of 18,822 differential genes, with the majority of them being expressed with temporal specificity. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that a considerable number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and terpenoids. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed a close relationship between the genes in the turquoise and light green modules and rice cold tolerance traits. These genes were predominantly enriched in terpene metabolism and the metabolism of various plant secondary metabolites, suggesting that OsEL2 influences rice cold tolerance through the metabolism of these two classes of substances. An analysis of the genes within these two modules using transcription factor (TF) enrichment and KEGG enrichment revealed that they are predominantly regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and ethylene signaling pathways. Furthermore, we found that tryptophan metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and monoterpene synthesis were enriched in down-regulated pathway enrichment analysis. In addition, we also found that the MAPK signaling pathway was enriched in the KEGG enrichment analysis of AX2 with Nip. The results demonstrate that anti-expression of OsEL2 is associated with a notable decline in rice tolerance to cold stress.

Idesia polycarpa is a valuable woody oil plant with potential for horticultural and industrial applications. However, limited information is available regarding its drought tolerance during the seedling stage. In this study, one-year-old seedlings were subjected to five treatments based on soil relative water content (RWC): moderate drought (T1, 40 ± 5%), severe drought (T2, 20 ± 5%), control (CK, 70 ± 5%), and rewatering following moderate (T3) and severe drought stress (T4), with RWC restored to 70 ± 5%. Under drought stress, seedlings exhibited adaptive responses including reduced growth, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic regulation, and changes in endogenous hormone levels. Seedlings showed good tolerance and recovery under moderate drought, but severe drought caused substantial damage and limited post-rewatering recovery. Pearson correlation and principal component analyses revealed that betaine, APX, SA, IAA, ABA, chlorophyll (a + b) content, and crown growth were strongly associated with drought response and could serve as key indicators for drought resistance assessment in I. polycarpa. These findings provide insights into the physiological mechanisms of drought adaptation and support the development of a reliable evaluation system for drought tolerance in this promising species.

Plant abiotic stress refers to the unfavorable effects on plants caused by any abiotic factors in a specific environment, such as drought, high temperature, low temperature, etc., which cause disruption of plant physiology and metabolism, and seriously affect the growth and yield of plants. Mounting evidence demonstrates that WRKY transcription factors modulate plant abiotic stress responses by regulating sugar metabolic pathways. Sugar metabolism pathway plays an essential role in plant stress resistance, and WRKY transcription factors, as an important class of regulatory factors, have attracted wide attention for their mechanism of action in abiotic stress. Therefore, this review primarily aims to analyze the structure and classification of WRKY transcription factors, summarize the research progress on how WRKY transcription factors themselves respond to stress, and how they participate in regulating plant stress responses through sugar metabolism pathways. Through in-depth investigation of the relationship between WRKY transcription factors and sugar metabolic pathways we uncovered novel abiotic stress-related gene regulatory networks providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for genetic improvement of plants under abiotic stress.

Rosa rugosa is an excellent aromatic plant species valued for both essential oil extraction and ornamental applications. This study aimed to evaluate its adaptive responses, bioaccumulation capacity, and production quality under cadmium (Cd) stress, providing insights for phytoremediation and sustainable agriculture. A controlled pot experiment was conducted using two cultivars (R. rugosa ‘Zizhi’ and its bud mutation R. rugosa ‘Baizizhi’) subjected to various Cd treatments. Growth parameters and physiological indices, such as antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rates, and floral volatile organic compounds, were systematically analyzed. Cd concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 mg·kg−1 maintained plant growth, but significantly elevated antioxidant activities (SOD + 65.94–300.53%, POD + 37.58–75.06%, CAT + 12.48–12.62%) and chlorophyll content (+20.27–242.79%). In contrast, 400 mg·kg−1 Cd severely inhibited growth, inducing chlorosis and leaf desiccation. Total floral volatiles showed a hormetic response, peaking at 200 mg·kg−1 (+46.08%). Sesquiterpenoids showed greater Cd-responsiveness than monoterpenoids, though core aromatic profiles remained stable. The species exhibited root bioconcentration BAF > 0.1 and limited translocation TF < 1, indicating phytostabilization potential. Despite tolerance up to 400 mg·kg−1, field application is recommended below 50 mg·kg−1—a threshold exceeding China’s soil Cd limits (GB 15618-2018). These findings position it as a dual-purpose crop for ecological restoration and fragrance production in Cd-impacted areas.

Chaling wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) can survive winter due to its extreme cold tolerance, whereas cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) cannot. Here, we found that the expression level of OsCYCBL1 decreased relatively less at low temperatures in Chaling wild rice compared with cultivated rice. Transgenic assays of OsCYCBL1 in Nipponbare (Nip) showed that overexpression of OsCYCBL1 promoted cold tolerance. Transcriptome profiling, RT-qPCR analysis, and physiological parameters measurement indicated that overexpression of OsCYCBL1 maintained better DNA damage repair capacity, balanced the cell cycle, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and increased wax content, directly affecting the ICE-CBF-COR cascade. Moreover, OsHTR702, a gene that interacts with OsCYCBL1, also positively regulates rice cold tolerance by affecting the ICE-CBF-COR cascade and increasing ROS homeostasis at low temperatures. In addition, overexpression of OsCYCBL1 and OsHTR702 enabled rice to survive through winter. Taken together, the current results indicate that OsCYCBL1 and OsHTR702 are related to cold tolerance in rice, making them potential targets for enhancing crop resilience to cold stress.

In a gene chip analysis, rice (Oryza sativa) OsSMP2 gene expression was induced under various abiotic stresses, prompting an investigation into its role in drought resistance and abscisic acid signaling. Subsequent experiments, including qRT-PCR and β-glucuronidase activity detection, affirmed the OsSMP2 gene's predominant induction by drought stress. Subcellular localization experiments indicated the OsSMP2 protein primarily localizes to the cell membrane system. Overexpressing OsSMP2 increased sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid, reducing drought resistance and leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation under drought stress. Conversely, in simulated drought experiments, OsSMP2-silenced transgenic plants showed significantly longer roots compared with the wild-type Nipponbare. These results suggest that OsSMP2 overexpression negatively affects rice drought resistance, offering valuable insights into molecular mechanisms, and highlight OsSMP2 as a potential target for enhancing crop resilience to drought stress.

Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth. In the production process of tung oil tree cultivation, due to the inappropriate growth of shading conditions, the lower branches are often dry and dead, which seriously affects the yield of tung oil trees. However, little is known about the key factors of light-induced tree photomorphogenesis. In this study, a total of 22 VfBBX family members were identified to provide a reference for candidate genes in tung tree seedlings. All members of the VfBBX family have different numbers of highly conserved B-box domains or CCT domains. Phylogenetic evolution clustered the VfBBX genes into four categories, and the highest density of members was on chromosome 6. Interspecific collinearity analysis suggested that there were six pairs of duplicate genes in VfBBX members, but the expression levels of all family members in different growth and development stages of the tung tree were significantly divergent. After different degrees of shading treatment and physiological data determination of tung tree seedlings, the differential expression level and chlorophyll synthesis genes correlation analysis revealed that VfBBX9 was a typical candidate nuclear localization transcription factor that was significantly differentially expressed in light response. This study systematically identified the VfBBX gene family and provided a reference for studying its molecular function, enhanced the theoretical basis for tung tree breeding, and identified excellent varieties.

Introduction The Camellia oleifera (C. oleifera) cultivars 'Huashuo' (HS) and 'Huaxin' (HX) are new high-yielding and economically valuable cultivars that frequently encounter prolonged cold weather during the flowering period, resulting in decreased yields and quality. The flower buds of HS sometimes fail to open or open incompletely under cold stress, whereas the flower buds of HX exhibit delayed opening but the flowers and fruits rarely drop. Methods In this study, flower buds at the same development stage of two C. oleifera cultivars were used as test materials for a combination of physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, to unravel the different cold regulatory mechanisms between two cultivars of C. oleifera. Results and discussion Key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) involved in sugar metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and hormone signal transduction were significantly higher in HX than in HS, which is consistent with phenotypic observations from a previous study. The results indicate that the flower buds of HX are less affected by long-term cold stress than those of HS, and that cold resistance in C. oleifera cultivars varies among tissues or organs.This study will provide a basis for molecular markers and molecular breeding of C. oleifera.

Cold stress is the main factor limiting rice production and distribution. Chaling wild rice can survive in cold winters. AP2/EREBP is a known transcription factor family associated with abiotic stress. We identified the members of the AP2/EREBP transcription factor family in rice, maize, and Arabidopsis, and conducted collinearity analysis and gene family analysis. We used Affymetrix array technology to analyze the expression of AP2/EREBP family genes in Chaling wild rice and cultivated rice cultivar Pei’ai64S, which is sensitive to cold. According to the GeneChip results, the expression levels of AP2/EREBP genes in Chaling wild rice were different from those in Pei’ai64S; and the increase rate of 36 AP2/EREBP genes in Chaling wild rice was higher than that in Pei’ai64S. Meanwhile, the MYC elements in cultivated rice and Chaling wild rice for the Os01g49830, Os03g08470, and Os03g64260 genes had different promoter sequences, resulting in the high expression of these genes in Chaling wild rice under low-temperature conditions. Furthermore, we analyzed the upstream and downstream genes of the AP2/EREBP transcription factor family and studied the conservation of these genes. We found that the upstream transcription factors were more conserved, indicating that these upstream transcription factors may be more important in regulating cold stress. Meanwhile, we found the expression of AP2/EREBP pathway genes was significantly increased in recombinant inbred lines from Nipponbare crossing with Chaling wild rice, These results suggest that the AP2/EREBP signaling pathway plays an important role in Chaling wild rice tolerance to cold stress.

Investigations on the impact of drought stress on the reproductive growth of C. oleifera have been relatively limited compared to the extensive research conducted on its nutritional growth. To study the effects of drought stress on the growth and development of C. oleifera flower buds, we investigated the effects of drought stress on the bud anatomical structure, relative water content, relative electrical conductivity, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmoregulation substance content, and hormone contents of C. oleifera using 4-year-old potted plants ('Huaxin' cultivar) as experimental materials. We observed C. oleifera flower bud shrinkage, faded pollen colour, shortened style length, decreased relative water content, increased relative electrical conductivity, and decreased pollen germination rate under drought stress. As the stress treatment duration increased, the malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), and proline (Pro) contents, as well as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities increased. Moreover, the levels of the plant hormones indole acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinin (CTK) increased, whereas those of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) decreased, and those of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin a3 (GA3) first increased and then decreased. Compared to the control group, the drought treatment group exhibited stronger antioxidant capacity, water regulation ability, and drought stress protection. These results indicate that C. oleifera is adaptable to drought-prone environments. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of drought resistance in C. oleifera, as well as the development of water management strategies for cultivation.

Camellia oleifera is a typical subtropical evergreen tree species. It blooms in autumn and winter and often suffers from cold damage during its flowering period. The symptoms of injury are petals, young fruits falling off, ovary browning, etc., which seriously affect the normal development of flowers and fruits.In this experiment, the four-year-old C. oleifera seedlings ‘Huashuo’ were used as experimental materials.Before low temperature stress, exogenous substances of 10 mg·L -1 ABA, 0.1 mg·L -1 brassinosteroid（BL）and 10 mmol·L -1 calcium chloride（CaCl 2 ） aqueous solution and clear water as control（CK） were sprayed on the bracts were applied to study the alleviating effects of different exogenous substances on C. oleifera under low temperature stress. The results showed that exogenous substances increased the pollen germination rate and filament length of C. oleifera under low temperature stress, and the relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde and starch contents of flower organs（petals, anthers and filaments） decreased compared with the control. In addition, the contents of glucose, fructose, sucrose, soluble sugar and soluble protein were significantly increased. The observation of petal anatomical structure revealed that the petals treated with exogenous substances were more intact than the control. According to correlation analysis and membership function analysis, the carbohydrate substances such as fructose and sucrose in the organ of C. oleifera are cold resistant protective substances, which can be used as key indexes of cold resistance of C. oleifera floral organs. Spraying the above three kinds of exogenous substances can improve the cold resistance of C. oleifera floral organs（petals, anthers and filaments）, among which the treatment with 0.1 mg·L -1 BL aqueous solution has the most significant effect on the mitigation of cold injury.

山桐子是我国本土的一种优质高产木本食用油料树种和工业用油原料树种,在园林观赏、生物能源、医疗保健、美容护肤等方面均有开发利用价值,对于保障国家能源和粮油安全、保护生态环境、助力乡村振兴有重要的战略意义.本研究收集了山桐子开发利用相关研究报道,结合产业发展现状,总结分析了山桐子的种质资源及其分布、良种繁育、开发利用现状等方面的研究情况与进展,并对其资源开发利用前景进行展望,对其开发利用提出相关建议,旨在为山桐子良种选育、栽培管理、加工工艺优化等方面的深入研究提供理论参考.山桐子在中国的 17 个省(区、市)均有分布,属下变种的有毛叶山桐子、福建山桐子及长果山桐子,但优良品种较少;目前山桐子主要的繁育方法有播种、扦插、嫁接及组织培养等,其中嫁接是加快推进山桐子良种化、品种化的主要手段;山桐子组织培养中愈伤组织的形成、芽苗增殖、壮苗、生根及移栽炼苗等研究均有开展,但开展时间较晚、进展相对缓慢.山桐子具有叶茂、花繁、气味芳香、果红等特点,是一种重要的园林绿化观赏树种;山桐子根系发达、生长速度快,其躯干挺直、木材质量好,经济价值高;山桐子种子含油率高,其亚油酸含量高达 60%～80%,山桐子油既可食用,又有医疗保健、美容护肤等功用;此外,山桐子油也可用于生产绿色环保型生物燃料、润滑剂等产品,其提取及精炼过程中的副产物可以当作生产动物饲料、生物肥、化妆品的主要原料.山桐子用途广泛,其产业发展尚处起步阶段,生产上存在良种化程度低、栽培管理不当、深加工水平低、产量不稳定等问题,对此本研究提出了加强选育优良无性系、规范栽培管理技术、优化加工工艺、加强政府扶持和研发力度等措施与建议.

Camellia oleifera is an important woody edible and industrial oil tree species. However, its fruits quality and production are severely affected by low temperature during flowering. In a previous study, we observed significant amounts of a honey-like mucilaginous substance at the base of C. oleifera flowers during cold acclimation, which could reduce flowers and fruits drop. However, the transcriptional regulation mechanism of C. oleifera in response to low-temperature stress remains unknown. In this study, we conducted targeted metabonomic and transcriptomic analyses using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing technology. It was found that sugar content (D-fructose, inositol, glucose, and sucrose) was increased as low-temperature stress conditions persisted over time. Besides, auxin was induced at the early stage of low-temperature stress, and long-term low-temperature stress induced the accumulation of abscisic acid and salicylic acid. Transcript-level changes in C. oleifera flower buds were related to the duration of low-temperature stress. A total of 381,812 unigenes were generated through transcriptome analysis, and several low-temperature -stress-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be involved in sugar accumulation and metabolism, including genes encoding sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, invertase, UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, galactinol synthase, raffinose synthase, sucrose transporters, sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs), and hexokinase. We also identified a large number of protein-kinase and hormone-related genes involved in signal transduction such as Aux/IAA, SAUR, GH3, GST, PP2C, SnRK2, MAPK, RLK, CDPK, and CIPK. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that the transcription factor WRKY may participate in the low-temperature-stress response of C. oleifera flower buds by regulating key genes involved in sugar metabolism. The self-protection mechanism of C. oleifera buds under low-temperature stress at the flowering stage is a significant discovery that will contribute to the identification of low-temperature stress tolerance-related genes for future breeding programmes.

[目的]我国南方各省区陆续开展油茶低产林改造,将会产生大量的油茶剩余物,为了提高其利用效率及培肥林地.[方法]将油茶低产林改造剩余物粉碎成木屑后,分别以20％、40％、60％、80％的油茶木屑替代谷壳添加到培养基质中,依次作为配方Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ处理,以不添加油茶木屑的配方处理为对照组(CK),共设用5个不同油茶木屑配方配制的栽培基质进行林下栽培大球盖菇试验,对栽培出的大球盖菇子实体的菌盖厚度与直径、菌柄长度与直径、单位面积产量与生物学转化率及总糖、蛋白质、粗脂肪等营养物质含量进行测定与比较分析,并采用隶属函数法对其子实体的性状、平均产量、生物学效率及营养成分的差异进行综合评价,以筛选出最适于栽培大球盖菇的油茶木屑基质配方.[结果]以配方Ⅲ配制的栽培基质(油茶木屑添加量为60％)培养出的大球盖菇其产量最高,转化率达到38.76％,比对照组提高了11.64％,且与以常规配方基质培养的大球盖菇相比,其总糖含量显著增加.综合评价结果表明:各配方处理的平均隶属度由高到低依次为配方Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ、CK、Ⅳ处理,其平均隶属度分别为0.774、0.640、0.567、0.558、0.115;配方Ⅲ的平均隶属度最大,配方Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的综合评价结果也都优于CK处理的.[结论]试验结果表明,以油茶木屑替代常规配方中的谷壳作为培养基质的主料于林下栽培大球盖菇是可行的,与对照组相比,以油茶木屑配方基质栽培出的大球盖菇其产量和生物学效率均有所增加;最适于林下栽培大球盖菇的油茶木屑基质配方为配方Ⅲ,即培养基质中油茶木屑的添加量以60％为宜.

[目的]提高油茶低产林改造剩余物的利用率,减少剩余物不恰当处理对环境造成的污染,同时找到代替泥炭的轻基质材料以减少育苗成本.[方法]以尿素、发酵鸡粪、复合肥为氮源,以EM菌、酵素菌、强兴发酵菌剂为微生物发酵菌剂,将碳氮质量比调整至25∶1、30∶1、35∶1,共设计9个配方处理,通过发酵罐发酵和罐外后熟过程,腐熟油茶低产林改造剩余物,研究适合油茶低产林改造剩余物发酵堆肥的氮源、菌剂、碳氮比,使发酵后的低改剩余物达到轻基质的要求.[结果]完成发酵后,处理A物料的碳氮质量比下降至19.85∶1,达到生物有机肥腐熟的要求(碳氮质量比小于20);处理A和处理B的物料基本能符合林木轻基质无纺布容器育苗标准(基质容重0.2～0.5 g/cm3,总孔隙度大于60%,通气孔隙度15%～30%,持水孔隙度45%～60%),其余处理的物料可与保水性能强、通气孔隙度大的基质混配,完善其物理性质.改造剩余物发酵过程中,氮源对物料理化性质的变化起着主要作用,氮源中尿素对物料理化性质的影响最显著,其次是复合肥,最后是发酵鸡粪,而菌剂和碳氮质量比对物料理化性质的影响不显著.当碳氮质量比调整至25∶1时,物料的碳氮比能更快降低.[结论]建议使用尿素和EM菌对油茶低产林改造剩余物进行发酵堆肥.

[目的]研究3种不同外源物质处理对油茶叶片抗寒效果的影响,为提高油茶花期的抗寒性提供科学依据.[方法]以油茶'华硕'(Camellia oleifera)4年生盆栽植株为试验材料,在初花期叶面喷施10 mmol/L氯化钙(CaCl2)、0.1 mg/L油菜素内酯(BR)、10 mg/L脱落酸(ABA)3种溶液各1 L,每2 d喷1次,连续3次,以喷施清水为对照(CK),随后置于6℃人工气候室进行低温处理,比较低温胁迫7 d后油茶叶片各生理指标的变化,并对其叶片解剖结构进行观察.[结果]与喷施清水(CK)相比,3种不同外源物质处理后,低温胁迫7 d时的油茶叶片的SOD、POD、PPO、GR 4种抗氧化酶活性均显著增强,蔗糖、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量均显著升高,水杨酸含量增加而MDA含量降低.通过对不同生理指标进行主成分分析得出3种不同外源物质处理效果由强到弱依次为10 mg/L ABA,10 mmol/L CaCl2,0.1 mg/L BR,CK;同时利用石蜡切片法观测了油茶叶片组织结构,与对照和0.1 mg/L BR处理相比,发现喷施10 mg/L ABA、10 mmol/L CaCl2后油茶叶肉结构明显由两层栅栏层细胞变为3层,且排列更为紧密,其叶片抗寒性明显增强;并结合聚类分析、相关性分析对8项油茶叶片组织结构相关指标进行筛选,对筛选出的3项典型指标应用隶属函数法进一步综合评价发现10 mg/L ABA处理得分最高,10 mmol/L CaCl2次之,由此表明两者处理后油茶叶片的抗寒效果更为明显,与前面生理指标分析结果一致.[结论]结合生理指标和叶片解剖结构指标分析,发现3种不同外源物质处理均可有效缓解低温对油茶叶片的伤害,其中10 mg/L ABA处理后油茶叶片的抗寒效果最好,其次是10 mmol/L CaCl2、0.1 mg/L BR处理.