This study aimed to establish Diagnostic criteria for kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in male infertility(referred to as "this criteria"). A preliminary questionnaire item pool was constructed through literature retrieval, in combination with male infertility-related textbooks, existing national standards, guidelines, and expert consensus documents, as well as expert interviews and group discussions. Two rounds of questionnaire surveys were conducted using the Delphi method to standardize the diagnostic criteria item pool and complete item supplementation and screening. Expert questionnaires were collected using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to statistically determine item weights and diagnostic thresholds. Finally, a diagnostic test was conducted by enrolling 105 participants to evaluate the diagnostic criteria, with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio used as indicators of diagnostic efficacy at the established threshold. Based on the results of expert discussions, this criteria was established. After systematic literature screening, 66 articles were included. By incorporating textbooks, national standards, and consensus documents, all items were summarized, merged, and classified, resulting in an initial diagnostic criteria item pool of 39 items. The first round of the Delphi method retained 29 important items, and the second round retained 18 important items. AHP identified three levels of item weights, i.e., high, medium, and low. The primary symptoms for diagnosing kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in MI were finally determined as aversion to cold, soreness and weakness of the lower back and knees, a pale and swollen tongue, and a thin white tongue coating. The secondary symptoms were decreased libido, cold sensation in the lower abdomen or genital region, increased nocturnal urination, and a deep and weak pulse or a deep and slow pulse. Patients presenting all primary symptoms were diagnosed with this syndrome; patients presenting two primary symptoms together with any two manifestations from the secondary symptoms, physical signs, or pulse conditions were also diagnosed with this syndrome. After establishment of this criteria, 105 MI patients from the Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were enrolled. Eligible participants were diagnosed using both the evaluated this criteria and the reference diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic efficacy of this criteria showed a sensitivity of 0.91, specificity of 0.88, and accuracy of 0.89. This study established Diagnostic criteria for kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in male infertility and completed clinical validation, providing a reference basis for the clinical diagnosis of MI with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers for coronary heart disease (CHD); however, their accurate quantification remains challenging due to their short length, low abundance, and high sequence homology. Herein, we report a highly sensitive and specific biosensing platform by integrating catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) with a split-T7 promoter-regulated CRISPR/Cas12a system. The key innovation lies in the split-T7 promoter architecture, which enables target-responsive reconstitution of a functional T7 promoter, driving robust in vitro transcription to generate abundant crRNA transcripts eliminating the need for pre-synthesized exogenous crRNA. This strategy achieves triple cascade amplification through three synergistic modules: CHA-mediated target recycling ensures efficient signal initiation; split-T7 promoter-driven transcription provides substantial signal enrichment; and CRISPR/Cas12a-based trans-cleavage delivers highly specific fluorescence readout. By eliminating pre-synthesized crRNA, the platform significantly reduces assay cost and complexity while maintaining excellent amplification efficiency. The method achieves a limit of detection as low as 38.9 aM for miRNA-155 within 90 min, exhibits single-base mismatch discrimination capability, and performs reliably in clinical specimens from CHD patients. With its modular design and robust performance, this cascade amplification platform offers a versatile and cost-effective tool for miRNA analysis, holding great promise for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and broader molecular diagnostics.

Varicocele adversely affects male fertility by impairing semen quality, yet there remains no unified approach that combines advanced imaging and laboratory markers for clinical stratification. To develop a uniform clinical stratification system, we conducted a review of the literature across major databases. Shear wave elastography thresholds above 5.235 kPa and spermatic vein diameters exceeding 2.5 mm on color Doppler ultrasound demonstrated strong, independent correlations with decreased sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Among laboratory tests, elevated follicle-stimulating hormone, low inhibin B, and others were consistently linked to poorer semen quality. Biomarkers such as cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 showed potential. We propose a multimodal stratification framework integrating evidence‑based cutoffs for shear wave elastography and color Doppler ultrasound with key laboratory indices. Adoption of standardized protocols and consensus guidelines will facilitate personalized diagnosis, improve prognostic accuracy, and guide management of varicocele‑decreased semen quality.

Background:Aspirin, as one of the most important drugs in medical history, has been continuously explored for over 3,000 years. This study employs bibliometric analysis to examine the research hotspots and trends on aspirin over the past decade. Methods and results:This study retrieved articles and reviews on aspirin from the Web of Science database, covering the period from 2014 to 2024. R software and CiteSpace were employed for visual analysis, revealing trends in publication volume, collaborations, core journals, and keywords distributions. In the past decade, a total of 19,504 papers authored by 88,600 researchers were published, citing 460,704 references. The U.S., China, and Italy lead in publications, with Canada and Australia showing strong collaboration. The authors with the highest contributions include BHATT DL, STEG PG, and WANG YJ. Research hotspots and trends include the following three points: the development of expert recommendations for the use of aspirin in primary cardiovascular prevention into personalized and shared decision-making between doctors and patients; the ongoing need for more evidence regarding the effects of aspirin on different tumors; and the sustained focus on aspirin-related respiratory diseases in future research. Conclusion:Aspirin, a classic drug, continues to have a substantial number of publications, underscoring its lasting impact. The United States, China, and Italy play a leading role in this field. However, there is still a long way to go, and research that is more targeted and beneficial for different refined populations may be a future trend.

Background: Premature ejaculation (PE) is a prevalent male sexual dysfunction with significant psychological and relational impacts. While selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are commonly used as first-line treatments, their adverse effects and limited efficacy necessitate alternative approaches. Traditional Chinese medicine, particularly Jiaotai Gujing Formula (JGF), has shown promise in preclinical studies, but its combined effect with psychosexual therapy remains underexplored. Methods: This randomized controlled trial enrolled 120 PE patients, allocated equally to a treatment group (JGF plus psychosexual therapy) and a control group (JGF alone). Psychosexual therapy included structured counseling and assessments of anxiety and depression. Primary outcomes were measured by intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), with secondary outcomes including Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) scales, Chinese Medicine Symptom Score (CMSS), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Results: Of 110 completers (56 in the treatment group, 54 in the control group), the treatment group demonstrated superior outcomes. IELT increased significantly in both groups (211.11 +/- 103.22 vs. 174.74 +/- 86.82 seconds, p < 0.05), with a greater improvement observed in the treatment group (p < 0.05). HAM-A and HAM-D scores decreased more markedly in the treatment group (7.70 +/- 3.25 and 6.45 +/- 1.92, respectively) than in the control group (9.89 +/- 3.94 and 8.59 +/- 4.47, p < 0.05). After treatment, the CMSS of both groups was significantly lower than that at baseline (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in CGI scores. Safety profiles were favorable, with no severe adverse events reported. Conclusions: JGF combined with psychosexual therapy significantly prolongs IELT and alleviates psychosomatic symptoms in PE patients, offering a safe and effective integrative treatment. Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered in ITMCTR (registration number: ITMCTR2024000718) and can be accessed at http://itmctr.ccebtcm.org.cn/zh-CN/Home/ProjectView?pid=238e5723-9556-422b-ac9f-0c8c41ecdc0b.

Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most prevalent malignancy among men globally. Conventional treatments such as radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy have contributed to improved survival outcomes; however, they are associated with considerable adverse effects, including urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, and the development of castration resistance. These limitations often result in diminished quality of life (QoL) and pose significant challenges in long-term disease management. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has historically emphasized holistic regulation and symptom alleviation, demonstrating unique advantages in enhancing tolerance to treatment and improving overall well-being. Nevertheless, the absence of a systematic theoretical framework that integratively links localized pathology with systemic dysregulation has hindered its application in modern precision medicine. This article proposes the "Brain-Heart-Kidney-Essence Chamber" Axis as a novel TCM conceptual framework for understanding and treating PCa. This model identifies kidney essence deficiency as the fundamental root of the disease, wherein pathological factors such as dampness, heat, phlegm, and stasis accumulate in the essence chamber (jing shi)-a functional system encompassing the prostate and related reproductive structures. Brain-heart dysregulation serves as a pivotal mechanism influencing emotional and psychological aspects, while the governor vessel (du mai) acts as a vital conduit interconnecting these systems. The axis facilitates stage-specific treatment strategies aligned with disease progression, from early localized cancer to advanced metastatic and castration-resistant stages. The core advantages of this integrative model include: (1) multi-target regulation of the prostate tumor microenvironment through the use of selected herbal formulations that modulate chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune response, thereby delaying malignant transformation; (2) intervention in androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways using specific herbal compounds that suppress AR overexpression and nuclear translocation, which contributes to delaying the onset of treatment resistance; (3) holistic mind-body coordination that alleviates depression, anxiety, and cancer-related pain through therapeutic principles focused on nourishing the heart and calming the spirit, significantly improving QoL in advanced stages; (4) synergistic integration of systemic and local treatments via the governor vessel, which anatomically and functionally links the brain, heart, kidneys, and essence chamber, enabling comprehensive therapeutic efficacy. These mechanisms underscore the theory's foundation in holistic TCM principles, including disease-syndrome combination, dynamic pathological progression, and multi-level intervention. By establishing a refined model for syndrome differentiation and staged treatment, the "Brain-Heart-Kidney-Essence Chamber" Axis provides a valuable strategy for precision medicine in prostate oncology. It not only complements conventional biomedical approaches by addressing their limitations but also opens new avenues for scientific exploration into the mechanisms of TCM in modulating cancer biology and improving patient outcomes.

Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common male sexual dysfunction with physiological, psychological, and environmental causes. The specific mechanisms of PE remain unclear. Recent studies on the gut-brain axis (GBA) have garnered significant attention, offering new insights into the pathogenesis of PE. The Tryptophan/Tryptophan hydroxylase 2/5-HydroxyTrptamine (Trp/Tph2/5-HT) pathway plays a crucial role in regulating GBA, and research suggests that these factors may be closely linked to PE. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to treat PE via the GBA. Correspondingly,this review explores the role of the GBA-mediated Trp/Tph2/5-HT pathway in PE and evaluates its potential as a therapeutic target for TCM. By analyzing the existing literature, this paper aims to offer new insights into clinical interventions in PE and enhance patients’ sexual satisfaction.

Background: Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common male sexual dysfunction, with current treatments showing limited efficacy. Exploring new medications to improve ejaculation latency offers a promising path for more effective therapies. Methods: This study was conducted to examine the effects of compound Jinji granules (CJG) on the ejaculatory behavior of a rat model. The study included a blank group, a model group, a CJG formula group, and a positive control group, with 10 rats in each group. The model rats were selected based on the continuum principle of ejaculation. The CJG group was gavaged with the CJG formula, while the positive control group was intraperitoneally injected with Cligosiban for four weeks. The sexual behavior of the rats, including indicators such as ejaculation latency (EL), was observed, and the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results: The model group exhibited significantly reduced intromission latency (IL), ejaculation frequency (EF), and mount frequency (MF) compared to the blank group. Compared to the model group, CJG significantly prolonged IL, EL, and MF ( P < 0.01), extended IF ( P < 0.05), and reduced EF ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the CJG group and the positive control group (Cligosiban) in terms of IL, EL, MF, IF, and EF. Conclusion: CJG significantly improved sexual behavior in the PE rat model, extending EL and reducing the frequency of ejaculation. These results suggest that CJG may offer a promising therapeutic option for treating PE.

Globally, there are over 3 million severe cases of influenza each year, leading to up to half a million deaths. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current status of children’s influenza vaccine research over the past 20 years and explores potential future research trends, including improvements in vaccine coverage and strategies to address vaccine hesitancy. We extracted all research data on children’s influenza vaccines from 2004 to 2024 using the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). The contributions of various countries/regions, institutions, authors, and journals in this field were assessed, and research hotspots as well as promising future trends were predicted through keyword analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. A total of 2,598 related publications from 2004 to 2024 were identified and collected for analysis. The United States (USA) and England emerged as the leading contributors with the highest number of published papers. AstraZeneca was identified as a key leader among research institutions, and Ambrose Christopher S was recognized as the most productive author in this field. The journals Vaccine and Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics stood out as the most prominent publications in this area. The keyword analysis highlighted that international research collaboration maybe a promising strategy for bridging global gaps; Addressing vaccine hesitancy could potentially increase vaccination coverage; Live attenuated vaccines, intranasal administration and universal vaccines are promising directions for future development. These insights highlight potential avenues for improving influenza vaccine coverage and inform strategies to mitigate vaccine hesitancy, crucial for protecting children and enhancing public health.

Based on the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED) from the meridian-zangfu relationship and the "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis, it proposes that dysfunction of the "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis is closely related to the occurrence of ED. Among these, brain-heart disharmony is the key pathogenic factor, kidney deficiency and essence depletion constitute an important basis, and essence chamber stasis is a critical mechanism. The treatment approach emphasizes harmonizing the brain and heart, regulating the mind, tonifying the kidney and replenishing qi, unblocking qi and blood to harmonize the essence chamber. The primary acupoints include Baihui (GV20)-Neiguan (PC6)-Shenmen (HT7), Taixi (KI3)-Guanyuan (CV4)-Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Zhongji (CV3)-Dahe (KI12)-Gongsun (SP4), with additional acupoints selected based on syndrome differentiation. This approach aims to restore the clarity of the brain and heart, replenish kidney qi, and unblock the essence chamber, thereby facilitating the restoration of normal functions of the brain, heart, kidney, and essence chamber, and alleviating ED symptoms and improving overall clinical efficacy.

Background: Orexin is an excitatory neuropeptide produced in the lateral hypothalamus, playing a role in various physiological functions in humans. There is a growing body of literature on orexins. This paper utilizes CiteSpace software to organize and analyze a significant number of articles on orexin, providing readers with an intuitive overview of research trends and emerging hot topics in this field. Methods: The electronic database, Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), was searched for publications related to orexins. Annual publications, countries/regions, institutions, authors and keywords were analyzed, and the results were visualized via CiteSpace software. Results: A total of 5486 publications were included, with articles making up 85.30% and reviews 14.70%. The top 3 countries publishing the most papers on orexins were the United States (2057 papers), Japan (778), and China (556). The leading institutions included Research Libraries UK (278), Harvard University (250), and Stanford University (221). The most prolific authors in the field were Yves Dauvilliers (69), Abbas Haghparast (67), and Takeshi Sakurai (66). The most frequently used keywords were “neurons” (981), followed by “sleep” (824), “food intake” (612), “receptors” (547), and “neuropathology” (535). Recent research hotspots include melanin-concentrating hormone neurons, Alzheimer disease, gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons, oxidative stress, suvorexant, the orexin system, prevalence, and stress. Based on keyword clustering analysis, the top 5 research hotspots from 2003 to 2022 were: the effects of orexins on sleep and metabolism, potential pathways of orexin signaling, the relationship between orexin and immunity, new findings on depression and hypertension related to orexin, and possible targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion: Orexin, a neuropeptide linked to various physiological and pathological processes, plays a crucial role in sleep/wakefulness, reward mechanisms, stress responses, and neurodegenerative diseases. Its significant research value and potential medical applications are underscored by the rapid expansion of studies, particularly in the USA and Japan. However, the lack of collaboration among researchers highlights the need for enhanced academic exchange and cooperation to further advance the field of orexin research.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common benign diseases in middle-aged and elderly men. Its main clinical manifestations are frequent urination, urgent urination, weak urine flow, other lower urinary tract symptoms, serious urinary retention, and urinary incontinence. Chinese herbal compounds are widely used in the clinical treatment of BPH with good efficacy and safety, reflecting the advantages of multi-target and multi-approach traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment. There is usually a high level of inflammation in the affected area of BPH, and its persistence affects the whole body, causing multiple complications and accelerating the development of the disease. Inflammation can directly stimulate the proliferation of prostate cells and drive other pathological mechanisms to jointly promote the development of diseases, such as participating in oxidative stress, driving growth factor synthesis, destroying the imbalance between apoptosis and proliferation, and promoting fibrosis. To more fully elucidate the mechanism of action of Chinese herbal compounds in the treatment of BPH, this paper reviews the literature in recent years, beginning with basic research on the intervention of Chinese herbal compounds in BPH inflammation, to provide further ideas for relevant research on the prevention and treatment of BPH inflammation by TCM.

Objective To evaluate the quality report of literatures on traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） compounding for erectile dysfunction using CONSORT-CHM formulas as an evaluation basis, and to provide suggestions for future related clinical studies and paper report writing. Methods Randomized controlled trial（RCT） literatures on the treatment of erectile dysfunction by TCM were retrieved from CNKI, PubMed and other databases from establishment to December 2021, and the quality reports were evaluated. Results Finally, 69 papers were included, only 2 papers could be identified as RCT by the title of the text, 9 papers described the type of randomization method, 8 papers described the content of sample size estimation, 33 papers listed the baseline information, and 8 papers described the setting of blinding method. Conclusions Some of the current RCT literatures on TCM for erectile dysfunction did not show important elements of clinical trial, and CONSORT-CHM formulas should be paid more attention by researchers in order to obtain higher quality evaluation results in the future.

Based on the theory of “brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber” axis, the pathogenesis and medication of benign prostatic hyperplasia were discussed. Benign prostatic hyperplasia was a disorder of the essence chamber, the direct cause was the blockage of the essence chamber and the failure to open and close the essence chamber. Dysregulation of brain and heart, and absent-mindedness were important factors. The root of the problem was kidney deficiency and malfunction of qi. Under the medication guidance of the "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis, we advocated the treatment concept of “mind and body in tune” and “overall and local treatment together”. The treatment method could be adopted to dredge the essence chamber, regulate the heart and brain, and nourish the kidney qi. The main drug combinations were tri-herbal medicines of Astragali RadixTyphae Pollen-Plantaginis Semen, Polygalae Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma-Poria, Cinnamomi Cortex-Rubi Fructus-Rosae Laevigatae Fructus. The overall regulation of brain, heart, kidney and essence chamber could promote the recovery of benign prostatic hyperplasia. And one proven case was presented.

目的 通过弗氏完全佐剂(complete Freund's adjuvant,CFA)建立自身免疫性慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(chronic nonbacterial prostatitis,CNP)大鼠模型,观察其对前列腺病理组织学及相关促炎细胞因子表达水平的影响,为CNP的研究提供参考.方法 48 只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组、假手术组、CFA原位注射组、CFA与大鼠前列腺蛋白混合物原位注射组,造模后28d处死,取大鼠前列腺组织.称重并计算各组大鼠前列腺指数,HE染色观察各组大鼠前列腺组织病理损伤情况,ELISA检测大鼠前列腺组织促炎细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、COX-2 水平.结果 假手术组与空白组相比,大鼠前列腺指数无显著差异,前列腺组织无明显病理改变,前列腺组织IL-1β、IL-6、COX-2 无显著变化.与假手术组相比,CFA原位注射组与混合物原位注射组均出现前列腺指数显著增高,前列腺组织出现明显病理改变与炎性细胞浸润,前列腺组织IL-1β、IL-6、COX-2 表达显著增加.混合物原位注射组与CFA原位注射组相比,出现更显著的前列腺组织炎性细胞浸润,且前列腺组织IL-1β、IL-6 表达水平显著增高.结论 CFA原位注射及CFA与大鼠前列腺蛋白混合物原位注射方法均可成功制备CNP大鼠模型,可为CNP的进一步研究提供模型基础.

[目的]通过对中医药治疗早泄的文献进行梳理和可视化分析,初探中医药治疗早泄的研究热点和方向.[方法]检索中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)从建库至2021年7月已发表的关于中医药治疗早泄的文献,应用CiteSpace 5.8.R1软件,通过合作网络、关键词聚类、关键词共现等方法对纳人文献的年代、作者、关键词等基本信息进行可视化分析,绘制中医药治疗早泄的知识图谱,并总结出中医药治疗早泄的研究热点.[结果]共检索获得346篇文献,排除与主题明显不相关和重复发表文献后,最终纳入328篇;作者王福发文量最高,为22篇,发文量≥5篇的作者有10人;共形成15个主要聚类标签,研究现状主要包含了肾阳虚、性功能障碍、针灸治疗、性生活、前列腺炎、针灸疗法、中医疗法、特效疗法、糖尿病、阳痿早泄、中西医结合疗法、临床观察.研究趋势涉及中医药治疗早泄的治疗方法、中医证型及治疗理念的转变.[结论]基于知识图谱的直观表达揭示了当前中医药治疗早泄领域的研究仍处于缓慢发展阶段,研究成果相对少,研究多停留在临床中应用中药、针灸治疗的阶段,对中医药、针灸等传统中医治疗方法治疗早泄的机制探究较少,需要进一步深入研究.

目的 探讨宁泌泰胶囊对良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)大鼠的治疗作用及作用机制.方法 SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及宁泌泰胶囊低、中、高剂量(0.21、0.41、0.82g/kg)组和非那雄胺(0.45mg/kg)组,每组8只.大鼠隔天sc50mg/kg丙酸睾酮复制BPH大鼠模型,连续30d,造模同时给予相应药物.给药结束后,称定大鼠体质量和前列腺湿质量,计算前列腺指数;采用苏木素-伊红(HE)和Masson染色观察大鼠前列腺组织病理情况及纤维化程度;免疫组化法检测大鼠前列腺组织增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)表达;免疫荧光法检测大鼠前列腺组织雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)和表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)表达;ELISA检测大鼠前列腺组织白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平.结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠前列腺指数显著升高(P＜0.001);前列腺组织病理显示被膜增厚,腺体密度增加,腺上皮分泌旺盛,形成密集的皱褶或乳头状结构;Masson染色可见间质内纤维组织增生及血管增生,前列腺组织PCNA表达显著升高(P＜0.001);前列腺组织AR和EGF表达显著升高(P＜0.001),IL-6和TNF-α水平显著升高(P＜0.05).与模型组比较,给予药物干预后,前列腺增生程度明显减弱,间质内纤维组织及血管增生减少,前列腺组织PCNA表达显著下降(P＜0.01、0.001);前列腺组织AR和EGF表达显著降低(P＜0.001),IL-6和TNF-α水平显著降低(P＜0.05、0.01).结论 宁泌泰胶囊可降低BPH大鼠前列腺指数,改善增生的前列腺腺体结构,减少间质纤维组织增生,抑制BPH大鼠前列腺组织PCNA增殖.其作用机制可能与抑制前列腺组织AR、EGF表达、降低前列腺组织促炎细胞因子水平有关.

Objective To explore the characteristics and prescription rules of Chinese medicine in the treatment of male infertility through the auxiliary platform of Chinese medicine inheritance.Methods The prescriptions and traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of male infertility in the three major Chinese databases（Wanfang, Weipu and CNKI） from January 2011 to December 2020 were searched.The traditional Chinese medicines in all the prescriptions extracted through the auxiliary platform of traditional Chinese medicine inheritance were analyzed.The characteristics and composition rules of traditional Chinese medicines for male infertility in various databases in the past 10 years were analyzed and the new prescriptions were obtained.Results A total of 42 prescriptions were included in the study.The frequency analysis found that the prescriptions involved 102 Chinese medicines, and 15 Chinese medicines with frequency≥10.The top five Chinese medicines were Tusizi（Cuscutae Semen）（31）,Gouqizi（Lycii Fructus）（29）,Fupenzi（Rubi Fructus）（21）,Yinyanghuo（Epimedii Folium）（18） and Danggui（Angelicae Sinensis Radix）（17）.The analysis of drug use types found that deficiency tonics were used most, with a frequency of 62.58%,followed by heat-clearing drugs, blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs, etc.In the four Qi distribution, warm drugs were used most, with a frequency of 42.22%,followed by ordinary drugs.In the five flavors distribution, sweet drugs were used most, with a frequency of 49.32%.The top five categories of meridian tropism were kidney, liver, spleen, lung and heart meridians, accounting for 85.79% of all drugs.When the number of holding degrees was set to 8,the formula rule based on association rules obtained 56 commonly used drug pairs, involving 15 traditional Chinese medicines, and the top 6 drug pairs were Tusizi（Cuscutae Semen）-Gouqizi（Lycii Fructus）（22）,Tusizi（Cuscutae Semen）-Fupenzi（Rubi Fructus）（20）,Tusizi（Cuscutae Semen）-Yinyanghuo（Epimedii Folium）（15）,Tusizi（Cuscutae Semen）-Wuweizi（Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus）（15）,Yinyanghuo（Epimedii Folium）-Gouqizi（Lycii Fructus）（15） and Gouqizi（Lycii Fructus）-Fupenzi（Rubi Fructus）（15）. According to the analysis of the association degree of drug pairs in the formula rule based on entropy hierarchical clustering, the correlation degree was 5,the punishment degree was 2,and the correlation coefficient was 0.06.Finally, 40 drug pairs were obtained.The core combination analysis based on complex system entropy clustering: Nine core combinations of three drugs and one core combination of four drugs were evolved.At the same time, a new prescription was obtained by extracting a drug combination clustered by a new prescription.Conclusion In the treatment of male infertility, Chinese medicine should firstly supplement the deficiency, then consolidate the essence to eliminate the evil, and flexibly apply Chinese medicines such as drugs for promoting Qi and promoting blood circulation.

Objective To compare 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 18 F-FDG PET/CT and 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the diagnostic value of prostate cancer. Method The Chinese and foreign databases, such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, etc., were systematically searched within the period from the establishment of the database to June 1, 2022. Clinical studies related to the diagnosis of prostate cancer by methods such as 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 18 F-FDG PET/CTCT, 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT, were researched. Two (2) investigators independently screened literatures, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias when these data were included in the studies with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Review Manager5.4, Stata 14.0, and Meta-disc 1.4 software were used for meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of different methods in the diagnose of prostate cancer. Results Twenty-seven (27) studies, including 2891 subjects were included in our study. Meta-analysis results showed that the pooled sensitivities of 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 18 F-FDG PET/CT, and 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 0.912 (95%CI: 0.883–0.936), 0.748 (95%CI: 0.698–0.795), and 0.916 (95%CI: 0.896–0.934), respectively; the pooled specification were 0.878 (0.844–0.907), 0.639 (95%CI: 0.589–0.687), and 0.734 (95%CI: 0.685–0.779), respectively; the positive likelihood ratios were 6.335 (95%CI: 4.288–9.357), 2.282 (95%CI: 1.497–3.477), and 3.593 (95%CI: 2.986–4.323), respectively; the negative likelihood ratios were 0.878 (95%CI: 0.844–0.907), 0.374 (95%CI: 0.280–0.499), and 0.110 (95%CI: 0.083–0.144), respectively; the diagnostic odds ratios were 65.125 (95%CI: 34.059–124.53), 7.094 (95%CI: 4.091–12.301), and 29.722 (95%CI: 20.141–43.863), respectively; the positive posterior probability was 64%, 38%, and 62%, respectively; the area under the SPOC curve was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.93–0.97), 0.81 (95%CI: 0.78–0.84), and 0.96 (95%CI: 0.92–0.98), respectively. The funnel plots indicated that there was no significant publication bias in the included literatures. Conclusion The current evidences showed that 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT had higher diagnostic efficacy of prostate cancer compared with 18 F-FDG PET/CT, among which 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT was slightly higher in the sensitivity of the diagnosis of prostate cancer, while 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT may have higher efficacy in specificity and confirmed positive rate. Due to the limitations of the quality of the included samples and literatures, the above conclusions should be further validated by expanding the sample size and improving the quality.

Introduction: Cuproptosis seems to promote the progression of diverse diseases. Hence, we explored the cuproptosis regulators in human spermatogenic dysfunction (SD), analyzed the condition of immune cell infiltration, and constructed a predictive model.Methods: Two microarray datasets (GSE4797 and GSE45885) related to male infertility (MI) patients with SD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We utilized the GSE4797 dataset to obtain differentially expressed cuproptosis-related genes (deCRGs) between SD and normal controls. The correlation between deCRGs and immune cell infiltration status was analyzed. We also explored the molecular clusters of CRGs and the status of immune cell infiltration. Notably, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the cluster-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Moreso, gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed to annotate the enriched genes. Subsequently, we selected an optimal machine-learning model from four models. Finally, nomograms, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and the GSE45885 dataset were utilized to verify the predictions’ accuracy.Results: Among SD and normal controls, we confirmed that there are deCRGs and activated immune responses. Through the GSE4797 dataset, we obtained 11 deCRGs. ATP7A, ATP7B, SLC31A1, FDX1, PDHA1, PDHB, GLS, CDKN2A, DBT, and GCSH were highly expressed in testicular tissues with SD, whereas LIAS was lowly expressed. Additionally, two clusters were identified in SD. Immune-infiltration analysis showed the existing heterogeneity of immunity at these two clusters. Cuproptosis-related molecular Cluster2 was marked by enhanced expressions of ATP7A, SLC31A1, PDHA1, PDHB, CDKN2A, DBT, and higher proportions of resting memory CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) model based on 5-gene was built, which showed superior performance on the external validation dataset GSE45885 (AUC = 0.812). Therefore, the combined nomogram, calibration curve, and DCA results demonstrated the accuracy of predicting SD.Conclusion: Our study preliminarily illustrates the relationship between SD and cuproptosis. Moreover, a bright predictive model was developed.