Composting is an environment-friendly and sustainable way to transform grape branches (GBs) into a useful product. Different parameters can differently affect fertilizer quality. Here, the compost product nutrient content was evaluated using an L9 orthogonal array (parameters, nitrogen source: chicken manure, sheep manure, urea; stirring temperature: 50, 60, 70 °C; initial pH: 6, 7, 8; conditioning agent: calcium superphosphate, zeolite, and copper sulfate). Among the treatments, the T3 (chicken manure, 70 °C, pH = 8, copper sulfate), T2 (chicken manure, 60 °C, pH = 7, zeolite), and T9 (urea, 70 °C, pH = 7, calcium superphosphate) had high gray relational grades (0.7424, 0.7132, 0.7110, respectively). The nitrogen source type (R = 0.1140) had the greatest influence on the nutrient content of the final product, followed by the stirring temperature (R = 0.1104), the conditioning agent (R = 0.0522), and the initial pH (R = 0.0408). Finally, the best nitrogen source of the grape branch compost was chicken manure, the best stirring temperature was 70 °C, the best initial pH was 7, and the best conditioning agent was zeolite. An experimental verification showed that the weighted correlation degree of the optimal treatment predicted by the orthogonal experiment increased by 3.63%.

The experimental materials were five-year-old vines of‘Summer Black’grape in the eastern Henan region. The experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2019. The mineral nutrient contents of soil and grape leaves,and the fruit quality at maturity were analyzed. The functional model of fruit comprehensive quality and soil and leaf mineral nutrients was established by the method of component nutritional diagnosis（CND）,then the nutritional diagnosis analysis of soil and leaf was carried out to obtain the diagnostic criteria of soil and leaf nutrition. The main results showed that the contents of available N,P,K,Ca,and Mg in soil were at the rich level or above,the contents of available Cu,Fe and Mn were at the very rich level,the contents of available B and Zn were also at the rich level,the content of available Mo was at a low level. The variation range of each trace element caused by soil layer difference was small,the coefficient of variation was also at a medium level. Four high-quality plots were divided by soil nutrition diagnosis,which the range of available N,P,K,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,B,and Mo contents in all soil samples were 39.23 to 205.20,11.47 to 31.53,106.38 to 436.62,162.32 to 220.87,86.52 to 93.89,2.18 to 2.54,1.15 to 1.91,1.03 to 1.29,and 0.13 to 0.14 mg · kg -1 ,respectively. The change in exchangeable Ca contents ranged from 6 599.83 to 7 513.33 mg · kg -1 ,and exchangeable Mg content ranged from 550.52 to 592.15 mg · kg -1 . Five high-quality plots were divided by the leaf nutrition diagnosis,which the range of available N,P,K,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,B,and Mo contents in all leaves samples were 18.46 to 23.33 g · kg -1 ,4.19 to 5.85 g · kg -1 ,10.91 to 12.46 g · kg -1 ,198.58 to 382.25mg · kg -1 ,67.23 to 119.25 mg · kg -1 ,93.23 to 231.67 mg · kg -1 ,29.16 to 52.13 mg · kg -1 ,22.14 to 33.88mg · kg -1 ,0.71 to 1.11 mg · kg -1 ,respectively. The change in exchangeable Ca contents ranged from 20.85to 25.95 g · kg -1 ,and exchangeable Mg content ranged from 3.68 to 4.30 g · kg -1 . In summary,conventional fertilization can be used for the diagnosed high-quality plots,and the fertilization suggestion for the corresponding low-quality plots are that for the elements with low contents such as B,Fe and Mo,are firstly considered to supplement with soil application when applying base fertilizer in early autumn. Mg should be management as conventional fertilization in soil,and foliar fertilizer should be applied less or no.Mn should be sprayed on the leaves during the main growth period of grapes. For P,K,Ca,Zn and other elements,the amount of fertilizer should be appropriately controlled in cultivation management.

Unreasonable fertilization problems such as excessive fertilization and partial fertilization are common in grape production, which seriously restricts the healthy and sustainable development of the grape industry. Soil testing and formula fertilization technology is an important way to achieve rational and precise fertilization. Proving the soil background nutrients in grape-producing areas is a necessary condition to guide formula fertilization. In this study, soil samples were collected in the vineyards of Beizhen, Gaizhou, Liaoyang, Huludao Taijitun in the four main grape production areas of Kyoho grapes in Liaoning Province for three consecutive years from 2019 to 2021 during the annual fruit ripening period. Six indicators of soil nitrate nitrogen content, ammonium nitrogen content,available phosphorus content, available potassium content, exchangeable calcium content and exchangeable magnesium content in each sample were determined. Mainly used electronic balance, automatic flow chemistry analyzer, flame spectrophotometer and automatic atomic absorption spectrometer for measurement. The dataset includes the soil available macroelements content of more than 100 vineyard areas in the four main producing areas of Kyoho grapes in Liaoning Province, which can provide data support for the formula fertilization of local Kyoho grapes, thereby promoting efficient nutrient management of Kyoho grapes and realizing green and high-quality development of Kyoho grapes in Liaoning Province.

以3年生87-1葡萄嫁接树为试材,砧木分别为华葡1号、贝达、SO4、5BB、225R、1103P、101-14、420A、110R、LOT、140R、34EM,于2020年1月至2021年11月连续2年对12种砧穗组合在7个关键生育时期进行整株取样,测定分析植株、果实及各器官的硒元素含量和累积量,研究不同砧木对87-1葡萄果实硒养分吸收利用的影响,为富硒葡萄生产中砧木的选择和硒肥的施用提供理论依据.结果表明:不同砧木嫁接可以有效调节硒在各器官中的分配,提升硒在果实中的分配比例,砧木华葡1号显著提高了果实中的硒吸收分配比率;不同砧木对果实的硒含量变化也产生了影响,砧木华葡1号、LOT、5BB、SO4的嫁接树硒含量峰值均出现在末花期,而其余砧木的硒含量峰值均出现在种子发育期;不同砧木在各生育阶段对果实的硒养分积累也产生了重要影响,从整个生育时期来看砧木SO4的果实硒吸收能力最强;在果实硒养分的利用中,砧木101-14的果实硒生产效率较高,果实硒利用效率表现较好.

为了研究我国鲜食葡萄叶片自然含硒量的情况,初步明确葡萄叶片硒含量与果实品质的相关性,探究硒元素对果实品质的影响,以我国葡萄主产区的7个鲜食主栽品种为试材,测定叶片硒含量和果实品质相关指标,通过Topsis综合评价法结合消费者调研得出的权重值对7个葡萄品种的品质进行综合评价分析,再结合SPSS软件对品质指标与叶片硒含量进行Pearson相关性分析.结果表明,7个葡萄品种叶片硒含量在0.030～0.186 mg/kg范围内,硒含量最高的品种是红地球,最低的品种是无核白鸡心.在果实品质指标分析中,单粒重最大和最小的品种分别是红地球和玫瑰香,分别为10.206 g和3.260 g;可溶性固形物含量最高和最低的品种分别是无核红宝石(20.209％)和白牛奶(14.833％);糖酸比最大的品种是夏黑,且与其他6个品种的糖酸比差异均显著.相关性分析结果显示,葡萄叶片的硒含量与果实品质有显著相关关系.夏黑和无核白鸡心的叶片硒含量与单粒重均呈现极显著正相关;巨峰的可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比均与叶片硒含量呈显著或极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.807和0.930;玫瑰香的叶片硒含量与其果实可溶性固形物含量在0.05水平上相关系数达0.998;无核红宝石的果实糖酸比与叶片硒含量表现为显著正相关,相关系数为0.653.综上,7个葡萄品种叶片富硒能力差异不大,且叶片含硒量整体不高,根据不同组织富硒能力特点初步推测我国鲜食葡萄果实硒含量处于安全范围内,且整体含量处于略低水平,且叶片硒含量与果实品质有显著正相关关系,初步得出在硒含量安全范围内,果实品质随叶片硒含量的升高而逐渐提升.

【Objective】In order to screen high-efficiency grape rootstocks with different nutrients, the nutrient uptake and utilization efficiencies of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in 87-1 grape variety grafted with 12 rootstock varieties were studied, which was beneficial to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of rootstocks and the improvement of fertilizer utilization in grape production.【Method】From January 2020 to November 2021, the whole grape plants sampled from 87-1 grape variety grafted with 12 rootstock varieties at the key growth stages, such as germination stage, initial flowering stage, end bloom stage, seed development stage, veraison stage, maturation stage and deciduous stage, were carried out for two consecutive years, respectively. Based on mineral element content of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in plants, the element accumulation per plant, dry matter production efficiency (DMPE), fruit production efficiency (FPE) and harvest index (HI) of each combination were calculated. And then, the differences between each indexes were analyzed, and the effects of different rootstocks on the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were compared.【Result】The significant differences in the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg per plant among different stock were found, 87-1/34EM of which had the highest accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. Using DMPE and FPE as indicators, the biological and economic utilization efficiencies of nutrients (BUE and EUE) were evaluated. N and K of 87-1/420A combination had the highest DMPE, and 87-1/Beta and 87-1/101-14 combinations had higher DMPE of P and Ca. DMPE of Mg in 87-1/5BB combination performed better. The FPE of K was the best within 1103P rootstock, while the 101-14 rootstock had the highest FPE of N, P, Ca and Mg. The HI reflected the absorption and distribution of nutrients in the fruit. Under different rootstock treatments, the Beta rootstock had the highest HI of P and K, and the HI of N, while Ca and Mg was the highest within SO4, 5BB and Huapu No. 1 rootstock, respectively.【Conclusion】The grape absorptions of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg within different rootstocks were significantly different, and the absorption capacity and utilization efficiency showed inconsistency. Beta and 101-14 rootstocks had higher BUE and EUE of P and Ca. The BUE and EUE of K within 1103P rootstock was higher. 420A and 5BB rootstocks performed the best BUE in terms of N and Mg, respectively, while 101-14 rootstocks performed best EUE in terms of those. In addition, The Beta rootstocks promoted the distribution of P and K to fruits. SO4, 5BB and Huapu No. 1 rootstocks promoted the distribution of N, Ca and Mg to fruits, respectively.