Background:It is well known that parents play an important role in the family, particularly the mental health literacy of parents is essential for the growth and development of children. As the parents of children with special needs, they are facing more difficulties and psychological pressure, resulted in more mental health problems. Purpose:The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health literacy, and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of coping styles and moderating role of social comparison. Methods:Using a cross-sectional design, 165 parents of children with special needs (22-67 years old, M=37.72, SD=8.78) participated in the study. The general information questionnaire, Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), Social Support Rating Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Social Comparison Orientation Scale were used. Results:We found that objective support positively predicted the mental health literacy, positive coping style played a mediating role between objective support and mental health literacy. In addition, the relationship between objective support and positive coping styles was moderated by social comparisons; for lower levels of opinion social comparison, the effect of objective support on positive coping styles was significantly stronger. Conclusion:We revealed the underlying mechanisms between social support and mental health literacy. The present study has profound implications for mental health literacy services for parents who have children with special needs.

Background: Deaf college students have been found to experience more difficulties in emotion regulation due to their hearing loss. However, few studies have used neurological measures to assess the characteristics of implicit emotion regulation among deaf college students. Methods: 30 typical hearing college students and 27 deaf college students completed the implicit emotion regulation task while recording ERP data. Results: The behavioral results indicated that deaf college students exhibited higher emotional experience intensity compared to typical hearing control. The ERP results showed that deaf college students had lower LPP amplitudes when using reappraisal and suppression strategies. Furthermore, the LPP of cognitive reappraisal was associated with an increase in depression scores among deaf students. Conclusions: Deaf college students may have deficits in implicit emotion regulation, which can effectively predict depression.

Intrinsic family dynamics are an important factor in the development of children with special needs, and mothers' emotion regulation ability influences children's development to some extent. This study examined the intrinsic mechanism of cognitive reappraisal of emotion regulation strategies affecting the emotion recognition ability of mothers of children with special needs. Results indicated that mothers of children with special needs recognized negative emotions significantly faster than typically developing child mothers. After receiving cognitive reappraisal emotion regulation strategies, they significantly improved emotional recognition of surprise and reduced attention bias towards anger. Overall, mothers of children with special needs may have obvious attention bias towards negative emotions, and cognitive reappraisal can target negative emotions to help them to better improve emotional resilience.

Social comparison is a common phenomenon in our daily life, through which people get to know themselves, and plays an important role in depression. In this study, event-related potential (ERP) was used to explore the temporal course of social comparison processing in the subthreshold depression group. Electrophysiological recordings were acquired from 30 subthreshold depressed individuals and 31 healthy individuals while they conducted the adapted dot estimation task. The ERP results revealed that there was a significant difference of feedback-related negativity (FRN) in the process of social comparison. Especially only in the subthreshold depression, the FRN amplitudes of worse off than some, better off than many comparisons were larger than those of upward comparisons and downward comparisons. Our results suggested that the abnormal reward sensitivity for worse off than some, better off than many comparisons might be prodromal symptoms in the subthreshold depression.

To investigate whether fairness decision among deaf college students is the same to the normal hearing college students, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine how the brain affected when the deaf college students perform the ultimatum gaming task. For the behavioral outcomes, a main effect of proposal type was found for both deaf and normal hearing college students, the more unfair of the offer, the lower of acceptance rate have, which indicated that the deaf college students have the same unfairness aversion and fair decision-making as normal hearing college students at the behavioral level. The ERPs results revealed there was a significant interaction between group and proposal type at the early stage (N1). Interestingly, only in the deaf college group, the mean wave amplitude of N1 induced by moderately and very unfair offers were significantly greater than that of fair offers. In addition, we found that the deaf college students had smaller amplitudes on P2 and P3 than normal hearing college students, which showed the deaf college students are more strongly motivated to be fair. Based on these, we should provide more fairness information and attention to the mental health of the deaf people.

Subthreshold depression can effectively and timely carry out early identification, prevention of major depressive disorder(MDD). Social comparison affects emotion, yet the neural mechanisms in subthreshold depression is unclear. We employed event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to investigate the effect of facial emotion recognition under social comparison in subthreshold depression. The results indicated that there was an interaction between social comparison and emotional processing of P300, LPC in the two groups, both positive and negative emotions were affected by the worse off than some, better off than many. The amplitude of N1 was smaller under positive emotion condition in the subthreshold depression group, suggesting that the subthreshold depression group did not allocate more attentional resources to visual stimuli in the early stage. These results advance our understanding of the effect of social comparison on emotion processing and contribute to understanding the cognitive mechanisms that underlie and maintain subthreshold depression.

Group interaction is an essential way of social interaction and plays an important role in our social development. It has been found that when individuals participate in group interactions, the group identity of the interaction partner affects the mental processing and behavioral decision-making of subjects. However, little is known about how deaf college students, who are labeled distinctly different from normal hearing college students, will react when facing proposers from different groups in the ultimatum game (UG) and its time course. In this study, we recruited 29 deaf college students who played the UG in which they received extremely unfair, moderately unfair, or fair offers from either outgroup members (normal hearing college students) or ingroup members (deaf college students), while their brain potentials were recorded. The behavioral results showed that group membership did not impact the acceptance rate of deaf college students. But, event-related potential (ERP) analysis demonstrated an enhanced feedback-related negativity (FRN) elicited by ingroup members compared to outgroup members. Importantly, we found that under fairness conditions, deaf college students induced more positive P2 and P3 facing ingroup members compared to outgroup members. Our results demonstrated that group membership may modulate the performance of deaf college students in the UG and the existence of ingroup bias among deaf college students. This provides some evidence for the fairness characteristics of special populations, so that to improve the educational integration of colleges and universities.

This study explored the mediation role of social comparison and cognitive reappraisal in the influence of social support on social well-being in older adults. A total of 336 older adults completed this study. Results showed that: (1) social support, cognitive reappraisal, and social comparison affect the social well-being in older adults; (2) cognitive reappraisal and social comparison are mediators between social support and social well-being; (3) social support influenced the social well-being in older adults through the sequential intermediary of “cognitive reappraisal -- social comparison”. This study confirmed the psychological mechanism of social support affecting social well-being, providing suggestions for improving the mental health of older adults.

Although the unity and diversity model of executive functions (EFs) has been replicated, there are some studies questioning the validity of the EFs construct. This debate can be partially resolved by directly combining the brain activity pattern in different executive control processes. Previous univariate activation studies have suggested that the neural substrates of different EFs (e.g., updating, inhibiting, and shifting) involve common and distinct brain regions. However, the underlying multivariate neural representation of EFs in terms of unity and diversity is still elusive. Here, we employed the n-back task, stop signal task, and category switching task to investigate the characteristic of the neural representation in the three EF domains. At the global level, multivoxel pattern analysis revealed that a three-way classifier built with global activation pattern successfully distinguished the three EF tasks. At the local level, although most overlapping activations exhibit lower neural representational similarity, the inferior frontal junction showed similar neural representation across the three EFs, which was further confirmed by searchlight analysis that additionally revealed other similar representational regions were located in the presupplementary motor area extend to dorsal midcingulate cortex. In addition, using machine learning-based predictive framework, the resting-state functional networks built with the representational regions of EFs predicted intellectual abilities to some extent in a large independent sample. These findings suggest that different EFs are characterized by dissociable global neural representation but also share similar local neural representation, which contributes to understanding the neural correlates of the unity and diversity of EFs from an integrated framework. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Advances in graph-theoretic models of networks have made it possible to investigate the topological properties of the human brain across time and space. Brain flexibility is defined as the frequency with which brain regions switch between different functional modules over time and has been shown to correlate with higher-order cognitive functions. Need for cognition (NFC) refers to a personality trait to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive endeavors and usually has a positive effect on diverse cognitive activities (e.g., creativity), which may also be closely related to brain flexibility. Here, we tested whether the flexibility of a large-scale brain network associated with NFC facilitated creative achievement. Robust correlation analyses showed that NFC correlates with the flexibility of the insula, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the putamen at the node level. Several large-scale brain networks whose flexibility also correlated with NFC, including the default mode network, salience network, subcortical network, ventral attention network, and control network, imply that higher NFC individuals may exhibit better cognitive abilities, such as executive control, salient detection, spontaneous thought, and motivation function. Interestingly, only global flexibility acted as a mediator in the relationship between NFC and creative achievement, suggesting that the mediating mechanism may involve an interaction between distinct regions or large-scale networks across the entire brain instead of the functional characteristic of local regions. Together, we demonstrate that the higher NFC is, the more flexible the brain, which may provide a potential insight into the acquisition of creative achievement.

Little is known about the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and trait creativity (TC), and the brain structural bases which involves. This study investigated the neuroanatomical basis of the association between EI and TC which measured by the Schutte self-report EI scale and the Williams creativity aptitude test. First, the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was used to explore the brain structures which is closely related to EI in a large young sample (n = 213). The results showed that EI was positively correlated with the regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which is regarded as a key region of emotional processing. More importantly, further mediation analysis revealed that rGMV in the right OFC partially mediated the association between EI and TC, which showed the OFC volume could account for the relationship between EI and TC. These findings confirmed the close relationship between EI and TC, and highlighted that the brain volumetric variation in the OFC associated with the top-down processing of emotion regulation, which may play a critical role in the promotion of TC. Together, these findings contributed to sharpening the understanding of the complex relationship between EI and TC from the perspective of brain structural basis.

Previous studies have provided electrophysiological evidence for attentional abnormalities in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study examined the electrophysiological activity of trauma-exposed patients with or without a PTSD during a modified Stroop task. The PTSD group showed a reduced P2 and P3 amplitude relative to the non-PTSD group under both the earthquake-related and earthquake-unrelated words conditions. Importantly, the earthquake-related words elicited a greater P3 amplitude (350–450 ms after stimulus) than did unrelated words in the non-PTSD group, whereas no significant difference was found in the PTSD group. This indicates that PTSD patients had some attention deficits compared with non-PTSD individuals, and that these attention deficits were not just limited to earthquake-related words.

The present study makes use of event-related brain potentials(ERPs) to investigate the neural mechanisms of heroin abstainers' attention maintenance in the condition of different word meanings.The words related to drug elicited a more positive ERP deflection(P500) than did the words related to sex and the neutral words in the time window from 400 to 500 ms after the onset of the stimulus;between 1 000 and 1 300 ms,the words related to drug and sex elicited a more positive ERP component compared with the neutral words;then from 1 300 to 1 400 ms,the words related to drug still elicited a positive ERP component compared to the neutral words;between 2 300 and 2 400 ms,the words related to drug elicited a more positive ERP deflection than did the neutral words;from 2 700 to 2 800 ms,the words related to drug still elicited a more positive ERP component compared with the neutral words.The results above showed that the words related to drug interfere with the heroin abstainers' attention function,and the drug abstainers tend to pay more attention to the clues related to drug.