目的 考察少腹逐瘀汤对寒凝血瘀模型大鼠氧化应激因子、炎性介质及血管舒缩因子的影响,探讨少腹逐瘀汤治疗寒凝血瘀证相关疾病的作用机制.方法 采用冰水浴及注射盐酸肾上腺素方法造成SD大鼠寒凝血瘀模型,对其血液流变学、氧化应激因子、炎性介质及血管舒缩因子进行测定.结果 经少腹逐瘀汤干预后,与模型组比较,大鼠全血黏度、血浆黏度、丙二醛(MDA)、白介素(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-2α(TNF-2α)、内皮素-1(ET-1)及ET-1/一氧化氮(NO)比值均明显降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、NO及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性则显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05～0.01).且血清IL-6、TNF-2α与MDA、ET-1呈正相关,与SOD、NO、NOS呈负相关.血清NO、NOS与SOD呈正相关,与MDA呈负相关;ET-1与SOD呈负相关,与MDA呈正相关.结论 寒凝血瘀大鼠体内氧化应激反应、炎症反应与内皮功能障碍相互作用,互为因果.少腹逐瘀汤可通过调节血清氧化应激因子活性,抑制炎性介质合成与释放,改善血管舒缩运动,治疗寒凝血瘀证相关疾病.

Objective To reevaluate the allergenicity of several Chinese medicine injection which can cause TypeⅠhypersensitivity in clinical pracitce using the active systemic anaphylaxis( ASA) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test( PCA). Methods The guinea pig active systemic anaphylaxis test and the rat-homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test were carried out on the normal saline group,ovalbumin group,Qingkailing injection,Shengmai injection,Danshen injection group and Xiyanping injection group. The contents of IgE,histamine,tryptase and β-hexosaminidase in plasma of guinea pigs were determined by ELISA assay. Whether there was a blue spot in the back of PCA rats was observed. Results In the ASA test,the contents of IgE,histamine and β-hexosaminidase in plasma of guinea pigs of ovalbumin group,Shengmai injection group and Danshen injection group were higher than that in the normal saline group.In the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test,ovalbumin group,Shengmai injection group and Danshen injection group showed obvious blue spots. Conclusions Ovalbumin,Shengmai injection,Danshen injection and Qingkailing injection can cause the occurrence of type Ⅰhypersensitivity reaction.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Liangxue Tongyu Formula on experimental mixed stasis-heat syndrome of cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods The model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) after injection with lipopolysaccharide(LPS). The effect of Liangxue Tongyu Formula on behavior grading,ratio of cerebral ischemia,hemorrheologic indexes,serum IL-1β and IL-6 contents,cerebral NO content and NOS activity were evaluated after administration. Results Liangxue Tongyu Formula on significantly reduced the injury of cerebral ischemia, ameliorated hemorrheologic indexes, decreased the serum IL-1β and IL-6 contents,inhibited the cerebral NOS activity and decreased cerebral NO content. Conclusion Liangxue Tongyu Formula not only alleviates the injury of cerebral ischemia but also ameliorate the symptoms of blood stasis and heat syndromes in cerebral ischemia rats with mixed stasis-heat syndrome.

目的：研究复方莪术油微球（ CCAO-MS）肝动脉栓塞治疗大鼠移植性肝癌的机制。方法制备45只大鼠移植性肝癌模型，随机分为生理盐水组、空白微球组、复方莪术油微球组，每组15只。经肝动脉插管分别灌注0.2～0.3 ml 生理盐水、空白微球（B-MS）10 mg/kg、CCAO-MS 10 mg/kg。末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导化DUTP缺口末端标技技术（ TUNEL）法检测肝癌大鼠肝肿瘤细胞凋亡情况，免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤组织表达增殖核抗原（ PCNA）和半胱氨酸天门氨酸蛋白酶（ Caspase）-3的影响。结果 CCAO-MS经肝动脉栓塞给药可明显促进肝肿瘤细胞的凋亡，下调肿瘤组织PCNA的表达，上调肿瘤组织 Caspase-3表达。结论 CCAO-Ms 经肝动脉栓塞对大鼠移植性肝癌的治疗作用与下调 PCNA 的表达，上调Caspase-3的表达，从而抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖，促进肿瘤组织的凋亡有关。

Objective: To investigate the regulated renal gene expression prolife of cyclovirobuxine-D(CVB-D) in rats,and explore its mechanism of renal toxicity.Method: Ten SD rats were divided into 2 group randomly: normal group and CVB-D 10 mg.kg-1group.Rats were continuous gavaged 14 days.The total RNAs were isolated and purified from kidney of normal and CVB-D 10 mg.kg-1rats.Both the mRNAs from two kinds of tissues were reversely transcribed to cDNA with the incorporation of fluorescent labeled hybridization probes.The mixed probes were hybridized to cDNA chip,and then were screened through the analysis of fluorescent intensity.RT-PCR was used to confimed the results of 4 choosing gene chip.Result: Compared with the control group,gene expression of 309 were changed,147 gene expression up-regulated,and 162 gene expression down-regulated.All of the gene changes were related with apoptotic signal,MAP Kinase cascade,calcium-mediated signaling,and cell cycle proteins.Conclusion: The renal toxicity of CVB-D involved in regulating specific genes abnormal expression including apoptosis,MAP Kinase cascade,Calcium-mediated signaling and cell cycle protein,etc.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of compound Nepeta angustifolia on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury(I/R) in rats.Method:Sixty SD rats were divided into 6 groups randomly:sham group(onlyneddle not ligation),model group,positive group(compound danshen tablets,1.08 g · kg-1),N.angustifolia groups low-does,medium-does and high-does group(2.9,5.8,11.6 g · kg-1).Rats were continuous gavaged for 7 days,the ligation/relaxat-ion of left anterior descending artery was used to establish acute ischemia/reperfusion model.meanwhile monitoringⅡECG,arrhythmia and infarcted zone.Result:Compared with control,I/R group increased the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmia,infarcted zone and growth of J point and ST-T wave(P0.01).Compared with I/R group,N.angustifolia groups reduced the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmia;delaying arrhythmia time;shorten the arrhythmia duration;diminished infarcted zone;reduced the growth of J point and ST-T wave on ECG,also slowed the heart rate of rats(P0.01,P0.05).Conclusion:N.angustifolia can play a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury,which maybe relate to that N.angustifolia can reduce the incidence of arrhythmia;diminish infarcted zone;reduce the growth of ST-T wave and J point.

药理学课程是医药类专业的一门主要专业课程,专业性与技能性较强。如何针对医药类专业学生优化课程讲解内容,最大限度地利用课堂教学提高学生的专业理论水平和实践操作能力,是教学工作者面临的课题。该文对药理学的教学进行了探讨,旨在达到教学相长,提高教学效果,使学生学习掌握的药理学知识能够更贴近社会的需求。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of freezing time on setting up a rat model of blood stasis due to cold and to provide an experimental model for the study of blood stasis due to cold syndrome with Chinese medicine.METHODS The rats were divided randomly into 5 groups,namely control group,5-day group,10-day group,15-day group and 20-day group.Except those in control group,the rest rats in other groups were induced blood stasis due to cold syndrome by kept in 0 ℃ ice water lasting for 15 mins one time a day.The complete blood count indexes,ovary index,uterus index and blood rheology were carefully observed.RESULTS Compared with control group,the erythrocytes of rats in 5-day and 10-day group were dramatically reduced,the APTT dramatically extended(P0.01).In 5-day group,plasma viscosity,blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation index(EAI) reduced dramatically,erythrocyte deformability improved significantly,hemoglobin decreased remarkably,and uterus index declined significantly(P0.05~0.01).The 10-day group also showed that the percentage of neutrophils increased significantly and TT shortened remarkably(P0.05~0.01).In 10-day and 15-day group,both of their HCT reduced obviously.HBX of 10-day group declined,while that of 15-day group increased significantly(compared with the control group,P0.01).Besides,TT obviously shortened(P0.05),plasma viscosity increased significantly(P0.01),and APTT also tended to be short in 15-day group.When frozen time lasted for 20days,PT and APTT were prolonged significantly(P0.01).But rectal temperature of rats in each group had no significant change during the whole modeling process(compared with control group,P0.05).CONCLUSION Making model on the 10th and 15th day of modeling,coagulative function improved,and abnormal hemorheology was the most obvious in 15-day group compared with other groups.The modeling approach may provide new ideas for the research of blood stasis due to cold syndrome.

目的:观察复方降脂胶囊(Fufang Jiangzhi capsule,FFJZ)对颈动脉内膜损伤后高脂诱导动脉粥样硬化(AS)大鼠血脂及炎症因子的影响.方法:SD大鼠50只,雌雄各半,右侧颈总动脉损伤、予高脂饮食、维生素D3肌肉注射复制动脉粥样硬化模型(AS).按体重随机分为模型组(生理盐水)、洛伐他汀组(7.48 mg·kg-1)、FFJZ高、中、低(按生药量计为53.34,26.67,13.33 g·kg-1)剂量组;另取10只正常大鼠作为空白组(生理盐水),予普通饲料饲养.每天灌胃1次,给药容积为10 mL·kg-1.给药12周后取血及右侧颈总动脉标本,检测血液中血脂及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量,并作病理组织切片,光镜下观察动脉壁变化情况.结果:造模12周后,模型组动物血液中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),IL-6,TNF-α的含量升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),IL-10的含量降低,与空白组比较具有显著性差异(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01).与模型组比较,经FFJZ干预治疗可降低实验动物血液中TG,TC,LDL-C,IL-6,TNF-α的含量,升高血液中HDL-C,IL-10,的含量,并减少动脉管壁斑块的生成,降低内膜中泡沫细胞与脂质的沉积,减少AS斑块中巨噬细胞数量,与模型组比较具有显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:FFJZ可降低实验动物血液中脂质含量,减轻动脉血管内皮的损伤,抑制血管的炎性反应,可能是其抗动脉粥样硬化的机制之一.

《针灸实验研究》是一门主要面向中医院校针灸推拿学研究生进行现代实验技术、科研方法以及进展教学研讨的课程,根据这门课程的特点以及笔者的教学实践,提出双语化-PBL教学新模式,并提出了一些具体设想和方案.

Objective:To investigate the effects of total flavonoids of Ajuga(TFA) in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN) rats and its mechanism.Methods:MsPGN rat was induced by the improved chronic serum sickness model after five weeks.The rats with positive urinary protein rats were randomly divided into model group,triptergium wilfordii polyglycosidium(TWP) group and TFA group with different dosage,normal rats wasere considered as the control group.MsPGN rats were treated with drugs since the sixth week;six weeks after succussfully modelingeeding six weeks later,all rats were detected 24 h urinary protein,and blood biochemistry,pathomorphological change in renal tissue,serum Interleukin-1(IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) wasere measured by radioimmunoassay.Results:Compared with model group,TFA can significantly reduce the urinary protein,decrease BUN,Scr,TG,Tch,mitigate the morphological damage,and significantly increase TP(P0.05 or P0.01).The effects of high-dosage(2.160 g kg-1) TFA and middle-dosage(1.080 g/kg-1) TFA were as similar as those of TWP(P0.05).The serum levels of IL-1 and TNF-α(ng·mL-1) in model control wasere significantly higher than that in normal control group;.With the intervention trherapy of high-dosage TFA,middle-dosage TFA and TWP,the expressions of serum IL-1 and TNF-α wasere significantly decreased compared with model control group(.The expressions of IL-1 and TNF-α in high-dosage TFA,and middle-dosage TFA groups wasere slightly higher than those in TWP group,with no significant differences(P0.05).Conclusion:Total flavonoids of Ajuga has a therapeutic effect on MsPGN rats;Rreducing the expressions of serum IL-1 and TNF-α,which may be one of the mechanisms of MsPGN treatment.

Objective To observe the effect of XTT recipe on the in vitro basilar artery in dogs. Methods We recorded the reactions of vasoconstriction of the isolated basilar artery in dogs placed in the perfusion device,which was preincubated with serum containing XTT recipe,followed by the incubation with phenylephrine( PHE) or high concentration of potassium ion. Results The antagonistic action of XTT recipe on the tonic contraction caused by PHE could be observed obviously( compared with NS groups,P 0. 05),and the doseeffect relationship could be visual. But the inhibitory effects of XTT recipe on the phasic contraction caused by high concentration of potassium ion could not be observed. Conclusions The pharmacological mechanisms of action that XTT recipe decrease the cerebral vascular resistance and increase the cerebral blood flow might be related to its blocking the entry of calcium ions into cells,followed by inhibiting the contraction of smooth muscle of basilar artery leading to vasodialatation.

Objectives The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of Gualou Xiebai Decoction (GXD) ethanol extract on myocardial fibrosis and clarify the possible mechanism.Methods Rats with ligated left anterior descending coronary artery were treated with GXD ethanol extract (1.14g/kg, 2.27g/kg, 4.53g/kg) daily via gavage for 4 weeks. Histopathological changes and collagen distribution were evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining. The mRNA levels of Collagen I and Collagen III were detected by real-time PCR. The expressions of TGF-1, TGF receptor (TGFR)I, TGFRII, P-Smad2/3 and Smad7 were determined by Western blot.Results GXD treatment was significantly reduced the heart weight/body weight ratio (P<0.05) as well as the left ventricle weight/body weight ratio (P<0.05). It also significantly alleviated the degree of inflammation, decreased myocardial collagen volume fraction (P<0.05 approximate to 0.01), together with markedly prevented the upregulations of Collagen I and Collagen III (P<0.05 approximate to 0.01). Moreover, GXD downregulated expressions of TGF-1, TGFRI, TGFRII, Smad2/3 whereas improved Smad7 expression in the myocardial fibrosis rats.Conclusions GXD ameliorates myocardial fibrosis induced by cardiac infarction with ligated left anterior descending coronary artery, the mechanism maybe involve in inhibiting the TGF-1 signalling pathway.

ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters are important selective elements of the blood-brain barrier.They both protect the central nervous system from entry of neurotoxicants and limit the access of therapeutic drugs to the brain parenchyma.Recent studies highlighted the multiple signaling pathways through which the expression and activity of P-glycoprotein and other ABC transporters are modulated in response to xenobiotics,stress and diseases.This report provides a summary about related signaling pathway regulation,which may be helpful in providing new thoughts for improving neuroprotection and enhancing therapeutic drugs delivery to the brain.

Kidney is the most important emunctory of human body,to which many factors can induce damage such as medicine.Although different biomarkers can be used for detecting renal injury,the standard metrics used to define the renal injury are insensitive and nonspecific,so we need more sensitive and specific markers to detect the character and degree of its injury.This article reviews different urinary methods for detecting renal injury,in order to provide a reference for new diagnostic and prognostic paradigms of kidney injury.

This article summarized and analyzed the cell composition and different functions of blood-brain barrier.Searching recent studies on blood-brain barrier function and particular structure of relative cells and interaction between different cells in 10 years through CNKI,PubMed,Elsevier,etc databases.The blood-brain barrier cells included asement membrane,neuron,small glial cells,pericytes,astrocytes,and endothelial cells etc,each cell played an importantrole in the formation of the blood brain barrier function.The study of the blood-brain barrier has become a key research area.The research work on cell composition of the blood-brain barrier in recent years has achived barrier-related research.

Objective:To observe the effect of the hepatic and kidney injury on mice after taking different extractions of tripterygium.Methods:After extracting different parts of tripterygium,administration of different extraction parts was conducted for 5 and 10 days respectively.Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity related index was indected for finding out the more apparente part of hepatic and renal injury.Results:The alcohol,acetidin and n-butyl alcohol extracts of tripterygium can induce the content of ALT and AST in blood increasing after administration.After administration of 5 days,high dosage group of acetidin and n-butyl alcohol extracts and alcohol extracts group can induce the content of BUN increasing.After administration of 10 days,high dosage group of n-butyl alcohol extracts and alcohol extracts group can induce the content of BUN increasing.Alcohol extracts group can also induce the content of Scr increasing.Conclusion:The hepatotoxicity of tripterygium is stronger.Its toxic component concentrates on alcohol extracts,especially on acetidin and n-butyl alcohol extracts.While the nephrotoxicity of tripterygium is not obvious,and this effect is related with alcohol extracts of Tripterygium.

As liver is the main site of drug metabolism,drugs and their metabolites easily cause liver damage directly or indirectly.This paper summarizes the hepatotoxic chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine based on recent research and reports in order to improve their safety in clinical application.

OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on myocardial fibrosis induced by acute myocardial infarction in rats and its effect on TGF-beta-Smads signal pathway.METHOD:Arteria coronaria ligation-induced acute myocardial infarction model was established in rats. The survived rats were randomly allotted into the model group, 50, 25, 12.5 mg x kg(-1) OMT groups, the 50 mg x kg(-1) captopril group, and the Sham-operated group which was treated as the model group without the arteria coranaria ligation. After 8 weeks of ligation, myocardial fibrosis was detected by HE and Masson staining, and the RT-PCR method were used to detect the expression of mRNA of TGF-beta-Smads signal system.RESULT:The histopathological examination showed decrease in cardiocytes, deposition of extra-cellular matrix, and increase of collagen contents after 8 weeks of ligation. RT-PCR results showed that mRNA expressions of TGF-beta1, TbetaR1, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 significantly increased, but mRNA expression of Smad7 is remarkable lower than the sham-operated group. Treatment with OMT for 8 weeks could remarkably inhibit myocardial fibrosis, decrease mRNA expressions of TGF-beta1, TbetaR1, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4, and increase mRNA expressions of Smad7.CONCLUSION:OMT has the inhibitory effect on the experimental myocardial fibrosis induced by AMI in rats. Its mechanism may be closely related to TGF-beta-Smads signal system.