[目的]鉴定评价不同来源晒黄烟种质资源,筛选出适宜贵州不同生态区的优质晒黄烟品种,为其在生产上的推广应用提供依据.[方法]采用随机区组试验方法,研究青梗、千层塔、腾冲大柳叶、羊角烟、连选1、81-26、湖北大黄烟、寸三皮、K16(CK1)和K17(CK2)10个引种晒黄烟主要农艺性状、经济性状、化学成分含量、抗病性、烟叶外观质量及感官质量的变化.[结果]10个晒黄烟品种除寸三皮和千层塔外大田主要生育期均较为适宜;腾冲大柳叶、湖北大黄烟和寸三皮的株型均为塔形,其余品种均为筒形;青梗的叶形为卵圆形,腾冲大柳叶为椭圆形,81-26和寸三皮均为长卵圆形,其余品种均宽椭圆形;羊角烟和寸三皮的叶色为深绿,青梗和千层塔为绿,81-26、K16和K17为浅绿,腾冲大柳叶、连选1和湖北大黄烟为黄绿;各品种株高、有效叶数、茎围、节距、腰叶长和腰叶宽分别为123.5～239.7 cm、11.7～20.8片、10.8～13.8 cm、3.0～6.6 cm、55.1～78.1 cm和32.4～48.7 cm,分别以青梗、K16(CK1)、81-26和湖北大黄烟最高/多/大/长/宽,寸三皮、千层塔和腾冲大柳叶最矮/少/小/短/窄.气候性斑点病、花叶病和白粉病均未发生.不同品种产量、均价和产值分别为 76.48～162.95 kg/667m2、12.11～22.64 元/kg 和 1 072.50～3 681.05 元/667m2,依次为寸三皮＞连选1＞81-26＞K16(CK1)＞K17(CK2)＞青梗＞千层塔＞湖北大黄烟＞羊角烟＞腾冲大柳叶、连选1＞腾冲大柳叶＞寸三皮＞K16(CK1)＞湖北大黄烟＞K17(CK2)＞青梗＞81-26＞羊角烟＞千层塔和连选1＞寸三皮＞K16(CK1)＞K17(CK2)＞81-26＞青梗＞腾冲大柳叶＞湖北大黄烟＞千层塔＞羊角烟.烟碱含量适宜的品种为湖北大黄烟和羊角烟,总糖和还原糖含量适宜的品种均为青梗和K17(CK2),总氮含量适宜的品种有千层塔、腾冲大柳叶、羊角烟、连选1、湖北大黄烟和寸三皮,钾含量适宜的品种有千层塔、腾冲大柳叶和湖北大黄烟,氯含量适宜的品种有千层塔和腾冲大柳叶.感官评吸质量综合表现较好的品种为青梗、连选1、81-26、寸三皮、K16(CK1)和K17(CK2).[结论]综合抗病性、外观质量、化学成分含量和感官评吸质量,连选1和寸三皮表现较好,K16和K17表现中等,81-26、青梗、腾冲大柳叶和湖北大黄烟表现一般,羊角烟和千层塔表现较差.

以晒烟(马耳烟)和烤烟(毕纳1号)通过杂种优势利用获得的特色新品系Y28为试验材料,采用晒晾和烘烤2种调制方式,分析不同调制方式对烟叶主要化学成分和吸食品质的影响.结果表明,在晒晾处理下,Y28烟叶表现为低糖、高钾、适碱特征,而烘烤处理的烟叶总糖、还原糖和糖碱比均在适宜范围.Y28在烘烤处理下的香气质、香气量、吃味、杂气、刺激性及5项品质总得分均优于晒晾处理.综合分析,采用烘烤方式调制晒烤杂种优势利用新品系Y28能够提高烟叶品质.

为广泛收集雪茄烟种质资源,对贵州独山雪茄烟开展调查研究.结果表明,贵州独山雪茄烟主要分布在独山县麻尾镇新董村尧董组,连片种植面积9.33 hm2;主要栽培品种为GX1号、GX 2号等,以GX 1号种植面积较大,共6.67 hm2.独山雪茄烟以晾制工艺进行调制,有成熟的发酵工艺和醇化保存技术.调制后的独山雪茄烟叶身份厚,韧性好,油分足,有雪茄香气特征,以蜜甜香、烘烤香为主,带有正甜香和咖啡香,烟气浓度中等到中等偏下,适合做茄衣、茄套或入门级雪茄茄芯.对独山雪茄烟的发展提出了加强育种研究和科研基地建设的建议.

To screen new tobacco material to meet the demand of cigarette industry,the optimum planting density and fertiliz-ing amount of new tobacco material Y28,a hybrid of sun-cured and flue-cured tobacco,was studied in the present study. The results showed that,for agronomic traits of Y28 seedlings,the best density is 1300 plants combined with 5 kg nitrogen per 666.7 m2. When 1400 plants were planted and 5 kg nitrogen were applied per 666.7 m2,the appearance characteristic and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves were better than other treatments with high sugar and potassium content, low-nicotine content,appropriate values for reducing sugar to total sugar ratio,nitrogen/nicotine and potassium/chloride. For flue-cured tobacco leaves sensory quality,two optimum cultivation combinations are 1300 plants with 3 kg nitrogen and 1400 plants with 4 kg nitrogen per 666.7 m2,respectively. Moreover,the heterosis variety of Y28 are with unique characteristics of better smoking aroma quality,enough smoking aroma,less offensive odor, sweet and pure taste, which can meet the increasing demand of cigarette industry for new tobacco raw material.

[Objective]The agronomic traits and chemical compositions of tobacco germplasm resources resistant to brown spot disease were analyzed in order to provide reference for the parent selection of tobacco breeding and full utiliza-tion of the germplasm resources.[Method]The experiment was conducted in field,the field growth period,agronomic traits,economic characters and chemical compositions of 24 tobacco germplasm resources that were resistant to brown spot disease were analyzed,and principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were also conducted.[Re-sult]The results showed that the growth period of all 24 tobacco germplasm resources showed great differences. The germ-plasm resources with suitable field growth period were Jingyehuang,Zhongyan 86,Yunyan 110,Yunyan 100 and Xiaofeng No. 8. Besides,Yunyan 100,Yunyan 110,8813 and Xiaofeng No. 8 were the germplasm resources with sound comprehensive agronomic traits. Yunyan 100,Yunyan 110,Xiaofeng No. 8,YA-2,Huishui-1,Huishui-2 and Zijiang No. 1 were the germplasm resources with fine main economic characters. Yunyan 100,Yunyan 110,Oxford 26,Danyu No.2 and Huishui-1 were the germplasm resources with coordinated chemical composition in middle tobacco leaves. YA-2,Huishui-1,Zijiang No.1,Yunyan 100,9042,Huishui-2,Coker spedlgreed,YQ-1,Fuyan No.6 and Yunyan 110 were the germplasm resources obtaining high comprehensive score in principal component analysis.[Conclusion]There are great differences among various tobacco germplasm resources that are resistant to brown spot disease. Ten germplasm re-sources,including YA-2,Huishui-1,Zijiang No.1,Yunyan 100,9042,Huishui-2,Cokers pedlgreed,YQ-1,Fuyan No.6 and Yunyan 110,obtain high comprehensive score,so they can be used as parent materials for the breeding of new toba-cco varieties that are resistant to brown spot disease.

In order to explore and utilize flue-cured tobacco germplasm resources resistant to brown spot disease,screen new resistant resource and broaden genetic basis of parents for tobacco brown spot resistance breeding,resistance to brown spot disease of 390 tobacco germplasm resources from different sources were identified in the present study. The results showed that 10 flue-cured tobacco germplasm resources were resistance to brown spot disense from 61 local cultivars in Guizhou,which were Xiaofeng No. 8,Meitan-2,Qianjiang No. 1,Dafang, YA-2,Huishui-1,Huishui-2,Fuquan-1,Fuyan No.6 and YQ-1,respectively. Only one germplasm Zijiang No. 1 from 90 cultivars bred in Guizhou had resistance to brown spot disease. Among 105 introduced varieties outside Guizhou province,ten of them including Yunyan 100,Yuanyan 110,Danyu No.2,Zhongyan 86,Dabaijin 599, Xujin No.4,Longjiang 911,Liaoyan 8100,Jingyehuang and Pangyuanhuang were detected resistant to brown spot disease. Two germplasm Coker spedlgred and Oxford 26 of 134 introduced varieties abroad had resistance to brown spot. In conclusion,flue-cured tobacco germplasm resources resistant to brown spot disease are most abundant in local cultivars in Guizhou,which can be used as new resistant resources for tobacco brown spot resistance breeding.

In order to collect the sun-air-cured tobacco resources widely, the local tobacco in Kelong village, Wudang dis-trict, Guiyang city was surveyed. The results showed that Kelong tobacco was sun-cured, similar with Suo Shai-hong tobacco. Besides Kelong village, other sun-air-cured tobacco was found in some villages in Wudang district. The Kelong tobacco be-longs to sub-cigar type, and has the characteristics of median aroma quality, certain aroma amount, suitable taste and medi-an sensory quality, Kelong tobacco is suitable raw material for Chinese blend cigarette and cigar.

In order to find the tobacco seedlings with suitable quality for film mulching pit transplanting process in Guiding county, the effect of different transplanting processes on development of tobacco plants and quality of tobacco leaves were compared. Result presented that the best quality of tobacco seedlings was that cut leaves for 1~2 times, seedlings age at 45-60 d, stem height 4~8 cm, and functional leaves 4~7 blades per plant. The results provided good evidence for film mulching pit transplanting.

解析地方晒烟种质资源的遗传背景,为晒烟种质的高效利用提供依据.本研究筛选多态性丰富的14对SRAP引物组合,对贵州省内广泛地理来源的136份地方性晒烟资源进行遗传多样性分析,根据Model-base和NJ聚类进行遗传结构分析.结果表明:参试材料具有较高的遗传多样性,共扩增出250个稳定的多态性位点,多态性位点比率为97.6％,有效等位基因数(Ⅳe)为1.22,Nei's基因多样性指数(H)为0.15,Shannon's信息指数(D为0.26,材料间平均遗传距离为0.778,多数材料间亲缘关系较远.Model-base遗传结构分析和NJ聚类结果一致,将总材料划分为三大亚群,亚群Ⅰ包含46份资源,亚群Ⅱ包含47份资源,亚群Ⅲ包含43份资源,划分结果与材料的地理来源关系不大,三个亚群多样性依次为:亚群Ⅱ＞亚群Ⅰ＞亚群Ⅲ.

To evaluate the content of cembrenediol in various sun-cured cultivars, 11 sun-cured cultivars from 6 regions were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that: (1) the order of cembrenediol content in different cultivars of sun-cured tobacco was: Pipaye>Yangmei>Heiyan>Cunsanpi>Mayanghong>Xiaoliuye>K326>Erhei>Maer>K16>Heilao>Gonghui, and the 11 cultivars were clustered into three groups based on cembrenediol content; (2) the order of cembrenediol content in different types of sun-cured tobacco was: light red sun-cured tobacco > red sun-cured tobacco > dark red sun-cured tobacco > yellow sun-cured tobacco; (3) Except Maer, cembrenediol content in middle leaves was higher than that in upper leaves; (4) Correlation analysis showed that there was a linear correlation betweenα-2,7,11-cembtratriene-4,6-diol andβ-2,7,11- cembtratriene-4,6-diol, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9576. The results from this study could be used in evaluating quality of different sun-cured tobacco cultivars.

[Objective]The aim was to identify the quality characteristics of sun-cured yellow tobacco varieties. [Method]Regional comparative tests of 7 sun-cured yellow tobacco varieties( S1,S2,S3,S4,S5,S6 and S7) were carried out in Songtao,Guizhou Province during 2013.Growth period,botany properties,etc were observed and recorded. [Result]The results showed that S3,S5,S6 and S7 were better than the others in growth in the field,which had timely yellowing,high maturity and the appearance quality of the original tobacco leaves. S7,S3 were better in economic value. [Conclusion]Therefore,S7 and S3 should be recommended for further demonstration is Songtao.

[目的]探索移栽方式和采烤时间对烤烟生育期及产质量的影响.[方法]对烤烟采用常规地膜移栽、地膜井窖式提前移栽、常规标准采收、第4炕起较常规推迟5d和10 d采收共5个处理,研究各处理对烤烟生育期及产质量的影响.[结果]结果表明,井窖式移栽的还苗期较短,能促进烤烟的早生快发,适当缩短烤烟的大田生育期和中上部叶的采烤时间,同等条件下在一定的范围内可提高烟叶的产量和质量.[结论]烤烟地膜井窖式移栽具有较好的应用前景,可在贵定烟区推广应用.

The preparation ,aroma release and application of glycosidically flavor precursors were summa‐rized .It was suggested that more emphasis should be put on the preparation by PTC ,controling the pyrolysis temperature and the synergy between the glycoside and aroma ,and the security .It provides the theory basis for the research direction in the future .

Plant germplasm is an important gene resource for plant breeding and genetic improvement of traits . Core collection , as a representative subset of germplasm , provides an effective entry to investigate genetic diversity and screen potential breeding material . Most agronomic traits of tobacco often exhibit strong genetic variation which can be decomposed into genotypic and genotype × environment interaction variations . A tobacco collection of 805 accessions were evaluated in two locations , Fuquan and Jinsha City of Guizhou Province , China . The genetic variations of 12 agronomic traits were analyzed and the genotypic values of each accession were predicted by a mixed linear model approach . Significant genotypic variations were detected for 11 traits , as well as genotype × environment interaction for 10 traits . Based on the predicted genotypic values , the combination strategies of sampling and clustering methods in the procedure of stepwise clustering for constructing core collection were screened in terms of magnitude of genetic variation captured by sampled subsets . Finally , the subset ( S1C3_10) , sampled by a centroid method combined with preferred sampling at 10% proportion , was determined to be a core collection of the tobacco germplasm . The representative and validation of the core collection was examined visually by the accession distribution pattern in the plot established by first two principal components , as well as by the correlation coefficients in terms of magnitude and significance between the core and the initial collections . The results showed that the initial collection was well represented by the core collection , and some potential breeding materials for high yield breeding program of tobacco , such as Y 177 and Y178 , were included in the core collection . In sum , the constructed core collection will facilitate tobacco breeder to access to whole resources and promote the utilization of genetic diversity in future breeding program of tobacco in China .

In order to improve cultivation practices and promote leaf quality,the stalk of tobacco plant was girdled after topping.The results showed that the girdling affected physical characters and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves greatly.The maturity of upper and middle leaves increased,the proportion of light yellow middle leaves was reduced,the proportion of orange upper and middle leaves,aroma quantity and quality were raised,the taste and intrinsic quality of leaves were obviously improved by girdling.

The plot comparative tests for 10 flue-cured tobacco varieties were carried out in 2011 in 7 different locations of 6 provinces(cities),and the influences of genotype,environment and their interaction on the principal chemical compositions in the middle leaves of tobacco were analyzed according to the test results.The results indicated that the effects of genotype,environment and their interaction on the 7 principal chemical compositions in the middle tobacco leaves were all very significant.The environment had the greatest effect on the chemical composition content in the middle tobacco leaves,followed by genotype × environment interaction,and genotype had minimum effect.

The quality of 12 flue-cured tobacco germplasm resources in Guizhou province was identified,the results showed that: for these varieties,their botanic and morphological characteristics such as plant type,leaf shape,leaf tip,leaf margin,leaf color,leaf auricle,width of leaf main-vein and leaf thickness,and their agronomic traits such as topping height,stem thickness,pitch,leaf number,leaf length and leaf width,were significantly different each other.The qualitative characteristics of all flue-cured tobacco germplasm resources were exhibited fully in the test.There were extremely significant differences in yield,middle-class tobacco rate and first-class tobacco rate among the tested varieties.

The effects of low-temperature plasma irradiation on the growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied through the field test.The results showed that the growth and developmental traits of K326 bared seed,K326 coated seed and Yunyan 87 coated seed were generally improved by low-temperature plasma irradiation,and their yield and quality were increased obviously.The treatment of 0.4 A low-temperature plasma irradiation had the best yield-increasing effect for the 3 flue-cured tobacco materials.The K326 bared seed had the highest production value in the treatment of 0.4 A dosage,whenas K326 coated seed and Yunyan 87 coated seed reached the highest production value in the treatment of 3.0 A and 3.2 A dosage,respectively.

Genetic diversity of 276 flue-cured tobacco germplasm of worldwide origin was evaluated based on 16 selective polymorphic primer pairs.Results showed that a total of 611 alleles were amplified by using 16 SRAP primer pairs,with an average of 38.19 alleles per primer pair.Flue-cured tobacco accessions from abroad showed higher diversity than those from China.Flue-cured tobacco from Guizhou province showed the lowest diversity.Results obtained by NJ clustering,PCA,and STRUCTURE analysis were identical,which indicated that flue-cured tobacco were a closely related group consistent with geographic origins and genetic relationship.Unique and deficient alleles in each population were detected and plenty of complementary alleles among geographic populations were found.Foreign accessions had the most potential to broaden the genetic basis of flue-cured tobacco accessions from China.

Major characteristics of eight flue-cured tobacco cultivars introduced from America were studied to screen excellent backup varieties suitable for Guizhou.The results showed that the growth vigor of each cultivar was medium to strong,in middle and late period was strong to stronger.The yields of GL26H and NC196 were 3010.05kg/hm2 and 2625.00kg/hm2 respectively.The yields of other cultivars had little difference with CK.All the cultivars had leaf spot diseases in various degrees such as weather fleck.The appearance qualities of GL350 and NC297 were similar to K326.The comprehensive performance of K326 in field was the best,NC55,GL26H,GL350 and NC196 took the second place,NC297 was medium,the other cultivars were bad.