The prevalence of cadmium (Cd) contamination has emerged as a significant global concern. Exposure to Cd during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive summaries on Cd-induced miscarriage. Therefore, it is imperative to further strengthen research into in vivo studies, clinical status, pathological mechanisms, and pharmacological interventions for Cd-induced miscarriage. This study systematically presents the current knowledge on animal models and clinical trials investigating Cd exposure-induced miscarriage. The underlying mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, and placental dysfunction caused by Cd-induced miscarriage are also extensively discussed. Additionally, potential drug interventions such as melatonin, vitamin C, and vitamin E are highlighted for their pharmacological role in mitigating adverse pregnancy outcomes induced by Cd.

Infectious preterm birth (PTB) is one of the most important causes of perinatal death. It is difficult to find reliable biomarkers accurate to gestational weeks for infectious PTB prediction clinically. Infectious PTB is found usually accompanied with immune imbalance. Thus, the systematic study to find the priority of inflammatory biomarkers and innovative inflammatory clusters for infectious PTB prediction is urgently needed. This systematic study that focused on the inflammatory clusters and infectious PTB in the PubMed database was analyzed by using the criteria of the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design (PICOS) framework according to the recommendations of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). The network meta-analyzed results showed that the prioritization of the inflammatory factors for infectious PTB prediction is soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2) > tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) > interleukin-10 (IL-10) > interleukin-6 (IL-6) > C-reactive protein (CRP) > interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Furthermore, the results also indicated that global consideration of multiple inflammatory factors, such as CRP/IL-1β/IL-6 biomarker cluster in gestational 27–34 weeks, and the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor (TNF/NGF) family during gestational 25–33 weeks, were potential biomarker clusters that specific for infectious PTB prediction. This study systematically pointed out prioritization of the inflammatory factors for infectious PTB prediction. The results also provided evidence that maternal inflammatory clusters can predict infectious PTB occurrence at accurate gestational week. The global consideration of multiple inflammatory factors at accurate gestational age is highlighted.

目的:探讨血管内绒毛外滋养层细胞(endovascular extravillous trophoblasts,enEVTs)调控妊娠免疫耐受的机制.方法:通过磁珠分选技术获得人工流产早孕蜕膜中的原代enEVTs和间质绒毛外滋养层细胞(in-terstitial extravillous trophoblasts,iEVTs),再将enEVTs和iEVTs培养上清分别处理Na?ve CD4+T细胞,并将enEVTs培养上清处理组定义为实验组,iEVTs培养上清处理组定义为对照组.通过流式细胞术比较实验组和对照组诱导CD4+IFNγ+1型辅助性T细胞(type 1 T helper cells,Th1细胞)分化比例;通过免疫荧光实验比较enEVTs和iEVTs中神经细胞黏附分子1(neural cell adhesion molecule 1,NCAM1)的表达情况;通过enEVTs和iEVTs分别与白细胞共培养,比较enEVTs对白细胞的黏附作用;进一步对37例人类胎盘进行绒毛间隙的苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色,进行白细胞募集的统计和检测.结果:流式细胞术结果显示,在细胞体外共培养实验中enEVTs相比于iEVTs显著抑制CD4+IFNγ+Th1细胞的分化(P<0.05);免疫荧光结果表明,enEVTs相比于iEVTs特异高表达NCAM1;原代细胞共培养结果证明,enEVTs可黏附母血中的白细胞;HE染色结果显示,enEVTs可富集母血白细胞.结论:(1)enEVTs特异表达NCAM1并募集母血的白细胞于enEVTs周围;(2)enEVTs抑制Th1细胞的分化,进而促进妊娠过程中的免疫耐受.

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are characterized by the progressive, irreversible degeneration of central nervous system structure and function. As the global population ages, an increasing number of patients are being diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases, for which there are still no curative drugs or treatments. Procyanidins are polyphenolic compounds widely found in plants such as grapes, blackberries, and hawthorn leaves. Procyanidins have been shown to have potential protective roles in neurodegenerative diseases by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting neuroinflammation, and reducing the aggregation of abnormal proteins. This review summarizes the effects and underlying mechanisms of procyanidins in preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease, and in doing so we highlight that procyanidins represent an exciting new therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.

This paper focuses on the practical necessity of discipline-integrated PBL curriculum in cultivating clinical thinking ability of college students majoring in clinical medicine. Through the teaching process of group discussion of some real and complete cases, this paper explains in detail how to cultivate medical students' clinical thinking ability by discipline-integrated PBL curriculum, discusses the implementation of ideological and political education associated with clinical medicine by heuristic teaching from close touching with clinical case and implicitly infiltration of the socialist core values such as dedication and integrity, and elaborates the humanistic quality and psychological comfort levels of medical students by being close to clinical patients. After five years of teaching practice, the teaching effect of discipline-integrated PBL curriculum has been approved by the national clinical medicine professional certification experts and praised by students. We believes that the development of discipline integrated PBL curriculum in medical college can strengthen students' problem-based autonomous learning ability, significantly improve the two-way integration ability between basic medical courses and basic medicine, and significantly build students' clinical thinking and clinical decision-making ability.

Cerium oxide (CeO2 ) nanoparticles have unique redox properties and exert excellent antioxidant effects in the biological environment. In recent years, many researchers have focused on the CeO2 nanoparticles as an effective antioxidant drug in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. However, the toxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles in vivo remains controversial and still needs intensive research. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the pulmonary and systemic toxicity in rats after 14 days of exposure to the PEGylated CeO2 nanoparticles (abbreviated as CNPs; exposure dose of 2, 10, or 20 mg/kg) through a single intratracheal instillation (IT). We assessed the indicators of lung injury and the pathological damage degree of lung tissue. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis and lung histopathology revealed the occurrence of slight pulmonary inflammation in the 20-mg/kg experimental group rats. However, the inflammation factors in the lung tissue of every group rats did not significantly increase, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in lung tissue homogenate rose considerably in the experimental groups. Collectively, these results indicated that pulmonary exposure by the high dose of CNPs could induce mild pulmonary inflammation but did not cause severe systemic toxicity. Moreover, we speculate that the mechanism of pulmonary toxicity of CNPs in rats was due to the autophagic death of healthy lung epithelial cells mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our results implicate that CNPs can be safely used as an antioxidant drug for the oxidative stress pulmonary diseases.

1 案例资料 1.1案情摘要 1例委托父子亲缘关系的亲子鉴定案件,经无菌操作采集被鉴定人的指尖血少许. 1.2 DNA检验 取检材适量,依次采用DNA免提取扩增试剂盒PowerPlex(R)21检测系统(美国Promega公司)和GoldeneyeTM20AM检测系统(北京基点认知技术有限公司)进行复合PCR扩增,采用3130基因分析仪(美国Applied Biosystems公司)进行毛细管电泳,GeneMapper ID v3.2软件进行STR基因型分析.

In the past few decades, upconversion nanoparticles (abbreviated as UCNPs) have been more widely applied in the biomedical fields, such as in vitro and in vivo upconversion fluorescent bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, biological macromolecular detection, imaging mediated drug delivery and so on. But meanwhile, there is still not much research on the acute toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles in vivo, such as acute hepatotoxicity. In this work, we studied the in vivo biodistribution and acute hepatotoxicity of multimodal targeted contrast agent NaLuF4:Gd,Yb,Er-PEG/PEI-FA nanoprobe, which were synthesized by the solvothermal method and modified with Polyethylene glycol (PEG), Polyetherimide (PEI), folic acid (FA) on the surface. The acute hepatotoxicity in mice was systematically assessed after tail vein injection of different concentration of UCNPs. The results showed that NaLuF4:Gd,Yb,Er-PEG/PEI-FA nanoparticles with an average diameter of 44.5 ± 10.4 nm, and three typical upconversion fluorescence emission bands at 520 nm, 540 nm and 660 nm under the excitation of 980 nm laser. In vivo distribution experiments results demonstrated that approximately 87% of UCNPs injected through the tail vein accumulate in the liver. In the acute hepatotoxicity test, the intravenously injection dose of UCNPs was 10, 40, 70 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The body weight, blood routine, serum biochemistry, histomorphology and liver oxidative stress were detected and observed no significant acute hepatotoxicity damage under the injection dose of 100 mg/kg. In conclusion, NaLuF4:Gd,Yb,Er-PEG/PEI-FA nanoprobes are safe and reliable, and have potential applications in the field of tumor targeted multimodal imaging.