To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on systemic Candida albicans infection in mice and to provide supportive data for the development of novel antifungal drugs. Ninety BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups according to a random number table: CA treatment group, fluconazole (positive control) group, and Tween saline (negative control) group, with 30 mice in each group. Initially, all groups of mice received consecutive intraperitoneal injections of cyclophosphamide at 200 mg/kg for 2 days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of 0.25 mL C. albicans fungal suspension (concentration of 1.0 × 107 CFU/mL) on the 4th day, to establish an immunosuppressed systemic Candida albicans infection animal model. Subsequently, the mice were orally administered CA, fluconazole and Tween saline, at 240, 240 mg/kg and 0.25 mL/kg respectively for 14 days. After a 48-h discontinuation of treatment, the liver, small intestine, and kidney tissues of mice were collected for fungal direct microscopic examination, culture, and histopathological examination. Additionally, renal tissues from each group of mice were collected for (1,3)- β -D-glucan detection. The survival status of mice in all groups was monitored for 14 days of drug administration. The CA group exhibited a fungal clearance rate of C. albicans above 86.7

Abstract Background The incidence rate of invasive candidiasis is high, its treatment is difficult, and the prognosis is poor. In this study, an immunosuppressive mouse model of invasive Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection was constructed to observe the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on the C. albicans cell wall structure and cell wall (1,3)-β-D-glucan contents. This study provides a theoretical basis for CA treatment to target invasive C. albicans infection. Methods Immunosuppressed mice with invasive C. albicans infection were given an oral dosage of CA (240 mg.kg− 1.d− 1) for 14 days. Then, mouse lung tissue samples were collected for detection of the levels of (1,3)-β-D-glucan and transmission electron microscopy observations, using fluconazole as a positive control and 2% Tween 80 saline as a negative control. Results The immunosuppressive mouse model of invasive C. albicans infection was successfully established. The levels of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in the CA treatment group, fluconazole positive control group, invasive C. albicans infection immunosuppressive mouse model group, and 2% Tween 80 normal saline control group were 86.55 ± 126.73 pg/ml, 1985.13 ± 203.56 pg/ml, 5930.57 ± 398.67 pg/ml and 83.36 ± 26.35 pg/ml, respectively. Statistically, the CA treatment group, fluconazole positive control group and invasive C. albicans infection immunosuppressive mouse model group were compared with each other (P < 0.01) and compared with the 2% Tween 80 saline group (P < 0.01), showing that the differences were very significant. Comparison of the CA treatment group with the fluconazole positive control group (P < 0.05) displayed a difference as well. Electron microscopy showed that CA destroyed the cell wall of C. albicans, where the outer layer of the cell wall fell off and became thinner and the nuclei and organelles dissolved, but the cell membrane remained clear and intact. Conclusion CA destroys the cell wall structure of C. albicans by interfering with the synthesis of (1,3)-β-D-glucan to kill C. albicans. However, CA does not affect the cell membrane. This study provides a theoretical basis for CA treatment to target invasive C. albicans infection.

为了研发靶向抗真菌药物,研究桂皮醛对念珠菌抗菌活性及对白念珠菌细胞壁的影响.参照CLSI的M27-A3方案,采用微量液基稀释法,测定桂皮醛对念珠菌(白念珠菌、热带念珠菌、克柔氏念珠菌)的抗菌作用.将白念珠菌的菌悬液(1×108 cfu/mL)加入到RPMI 1640液体培养基内,置于37℃孵育48 h后,离心、制片,在透射电镜下观察细胞结构,以卡泊芬净、氟康唑作对照.结果表明:桂皮醛、卡泊芬净、氟康唑对念珠菌的MIC分别为白念珠菌3.91,15.62,31.25 mg/L,热带念珠菌3.91,15.62,31.25 mg/L,克柔氏念珠菌3.91,31.25,>250 mg/L).电镜显示,0.1％(质量分数)的桂皮醛只作用于白念珠菌细胞壁,致细胞壁外层溶解脱落,细胞核及细胞器溶解消失,但细胞膜仍然完整;0.1％(质量分数)的卡泊芬净致白念珠菌细胞壁完全溶解脱落变薄,同时细胞膜部分受损;0.1％(质量分数)的氟康唑致白念珠菌细胞膜溶解脱落,但细胞壁较完整.桂皮醛、卡泊芬净对念珠菌(白念珠菌、热带念珠菌、克柔氏念珠菌)均有较强的抗菌活性,氟康唑对白念珠菌、热带念珠菌也有较强的抗菌活性,但对克柔氏念珠菌显示耐药.桂皮醛的抗菌活性优于卡泊芬净,卡泊芬净优于氟康唑.桂皮醛作用于白念珠菌细胞壁而不影响细胞膜,卡泊芬净作用于白念珠菌细胞壁但对细胞膜也有一定影响,氟康唑作用于白念珠菌细胞膜,而不影响细胞壁.因此,桂皮醛有望成为一种靶向治疗念珠菌感染的理想药物.

目的 建立免疫抑制BALB/c小鼠侵袭性白念珠菌感染的动物模型.为研发新型靶向抗真菌药物提供依据.方法 对BALB/c小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺200 mg/kg,每日1次,连续2次,第4天经鼻腔灌注白念珠菌菌悬液50μl(107 cfu/ml),第7天取肺组织标本进行真菌直接镜检、培养、病理检查、(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测及电镜观察.结果 小鼠被注射环磷酰胺的第4天,白细胞2.48×109/L、中性粒细胞16.8×109/L降至最低值.免疫抑制的小鼠经鼻腔灌注白念珠菌菌悬液后的第7天,取肺组织标本进行真菌镜检,镜下可见大量菌丝及芽生孢子,沙堡培养有白念珠菌生长,组织病理可见大量菌丝及芽生孢子及炎性细胞浸润、坏死,(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测(5181.33±223.67) pg/ml与生理盐水对照组(75.62±18.34) pg/ml比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.536,P＜0.01),透射电镜可见白念珠菌细胞壁为多层板状结构、清晰的细胞膜及细胞器.结论 对免疫抑制BALB/c小鼠鼻腔灌注白念珠菌菌悬液后,经取肺组织标本进行真菌检查、培养、病理检查、(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测及电镜观察方法,成功建立了免疫抑制BALB/c小鼠侵袭性白念珠菌感染动物模型,为观察药物在体内对真菌细胞壁及(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖的影响提供了依据.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect and safety of cinnamaldehyde on immunosuppressed mice with invasive pulmonary candidiasis.METHODS:An immunosuppressed BALB/c mouse model was established by intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) once daily for 2 days. The immunosuppressed mouse with invasive pulmonary candidiasis model was further established by nasal perfusion of Candida albicans suspension. In the cinnamaldehyde treatment group, immunosuppressed mice with invasive pulmonary candidiasis were orally given cinnamaldehyde 240 mg/(kg·d) for 14 consecutive days. Fluconazole and 0.9% saline were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. The mice in the cinnamaldehyde safety evaluation group were orally administered cinnamaldehyde 480 mg/(kg·d) for 42 days to observe the safety of the drug. Microscopic identification, fungal culture, histopathological examination, and (1,3)-beta-D-glucans detection were conducted to analyze the effect of cinnamaldehyde on C. albicans.RESULTS:The fungal clearance rate in the cinnamaldehyde treatment group was higher than that in the fluconazole control group (80.00% vs. 56.67%, P<0.05). The level of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in the cinnamaldehyde treatment group was lower than that in the fluconazole positive control group (1160.62 ±89.65 pg/mL vs. 4285.87 ± 215.62 pg/mL, P<0.05). The survival rate of mice in the cinnamaldehyde safety evaluation group was 100%, and no significant pathological changes of kidney, lung and liver were observed.CONCLUSIONS:Cinnamaldehyde was effective and safe in treating immunosuppressed BALB/c mice with invasive pulmonary candidiasis. It would be a potentially novel drug for anti-candidiasis infection.

Background Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic small vessel vasculitis that is mainly caused by IgA1-type immune complex deposition. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are specific markers of protein oxidation. Objective To explore the role of AOPPs in the pathogenesis of HSP. Methods There are 51 HSP patients who were divided into four subgroups: (i) skin type - 20 cases; (ii) joint type - 8 cases; (iii) abdominal type - 12 cases; (iv) renal type - 11 cases; and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. The serum levels of AOPPs and Gd-IgA1 were quantified by an HAA-lectin-based ELISA. The Cosmc mRNA expression in peripheral B lymphocytes was measured by RT-PCR. Results 1. Advanced oxidation protein products in different subgroups of HSP patients are all higher than the controls, while the renal-type subgroup is the highest and the skin-type subgroup is the lowest. 2. Spearman correlation analysis shows that: (i) AOPPs and Gd-IgA1 in HSP patients are positively correlated; both of them are positively correlated with the disease severity scores; (ii) AOPPs are negatively correlated with the relative expression value (RQ) of Cosmc mRNA. Conclusion Advanced oxidation protein products play an important role in the pathogenesis of HSP, especially in renal-type patients.

Objective: Invasive pulmonary Aspergillus infection has the characteristics of high morbidity, difficult to be treated, poor prognosis and high mortality. This study aims to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on 1,3-beta-D-glucans in the pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall to provide a basis for developing novel antifungal drugs. Methods: Immunosuppressed ICR mice were intranasally inoculated with 50 mu L of A. fumigatus suspension (1 x 10(7) CFU/mL) and then separated into two groups, for the experimental group cinnamaldehyde was orally administered at 240 mg/kg/d consecutively for 14 d. While for the control group, voriconazole was used to treat the fungus infection. Pulmonary tissues were then extracted for 1,3-beta-D-glucans assay and electron microscopy. Results: The concentration of 1,3-beta-D-glucans was significantly different between the cinnamaldehyde and voriconazole groups, which was (1160.89 +/- 364.96) pg/mL and (3885.94 +/- 845.45) pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.01). Electron microscopy showed that 2-3 outer layers (1,3-beta-D-glucan layer) of A. fumigatus cell wall were damaged and fell off, resulting in serious defect of the cell wall, but the cell membrane was clear and intact. Conclusion: Cinnamaldehyde has a significant influence on the integrity of 1,3-beta-D-glucans in the pulmonary A. fumigatus cell wall, but the cell membrane is unaffected, suggesting that cinnamaldehyde has unique antifungal properties depending on its action against the 1,3-beta-D-glucans on the pulmonary A. fumigatus cell wall. (C) 2019 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Objective To study the antifungal activity of cinnamaldehyde against Aspergillus and its effect on the cell wall of Aspergillus fumigatus.To provide a basis for the development of new targeted antifungal drugs.Methods The MICs were determined by dilution on Sabouraud (4％dextrose, 1％ peptone, 2％agar) dilution.Aspergillus fumigatus were prepared into 1×108 CFU/mL 0.1％cinnamaldehyde and caspofungin Tween 80 (4％ dextrose, 1％ peptone) liquid, incubated at 37℃for 48 hand centrifuged film, transmission electron microscopy, fluconazole as a control.Results MICs of cinnam aldehyde, caspofungin, fluconazole against Aspergillus were as followed:Aspergillus fumigatus 0.019 5μg/mL, 0.039 1μg/mL,＞32μg/mL;Aspergillus flavus 0.039 1μg/mL, 0.039 1μg/mL,＞32μg/mL.Electron microscopy showed that after 0.1％cinnamaldehyde and caspofungin acting for 48 h, the outer cell wall of Aspergillus fumigatus dissolved, the nuclei and organelles dissolved disappeared, but the cell membrane remained intact.Effect of 0.1％caspofungin on Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall and cell membrane.0.1％fluconazole has no effect on cell wall and cell membrane of Aspergillus fumigatus.Conclusion Cinnamaldehyde and caspofungin have strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, but cinnamaldehyde is superior to caspofungin.Both cinnamaldehyde and caspofungin act on the cell wall of Aspergillus fumigatus without affecting the cell membrane.Fluconazole has no effect on the cell wall and cell membrane of Aspergillus fumigatus.Therefore, cinnamaldehyde will be an effective drug targeted for the treatment of Aspergillus infections.

Objective: Invasive pulmonary candidiasis is a disease with high incidence, difficult treatment, poor prognosis, and high mortality. The present study analyzed the influence of cinnamaldehyde on 1,3-beta-D-glucans in the cell wall of Candida albicans in order to provide a theoretical basis for the research of antifungal drugs. Methods: An immunosuppressed BALB/c mouse model with invasive pulmonary candidiasis was established by nasal perfusion of 50 mu L of C. albicans suspension (10(7) cfu/mL). 1,3-beta-D-glucans examination and electron microscopy were carried out. Fluconazole was used as the control. Results: Cinnamaldehyde was administered at a dose of 240 mg/kg/d for 14 consecutive days, and the measured value of 1,3-beta-D-glucans was (1160.62 +/- 89.65) pg/mL, whereas that of fluconazole was (4285.87 +/- 215.62) pg/mL. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Electron microscopy observation indicated that the 2-3 layers outside the cell wall of C. albicans (1,3-beta-D-glucans layer) were rough, deformed, and incomplete, although the cell membrane was clear and intact. Conclusion: Cinnamaldehyde demonstrated special efficacy on 1,3-beta-D-glucans in the cell wall of C. albicans. (c) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.

Background. The invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a kind of high incidence of disease with difficulties in treatment, poor prognosis, and high mortality. Objectives. The study aimed to reveal the effect of cinnamaldehyde on the fungal cell wall and verify its efficacy on invasive pulmonary aspergillosis on immunosuppressed Institute of Cancer Research mice (ICR mice). Methods. ICR mice were given cyclophosphamide 200 mg.kg(-1). d(-1) by intraperitoneal injection for 2 days. On the 4th day, the mice were given 50 mu L of Aspergillosis fumigatus spore (10(7) colony form unit CFU/mL) by intranasal injection to establish immunosuppressive animal models with invasive Aspergillosis fumigatus infection. Then the mice in treatment group orally administered cinnamaldehyde for 14 consecutive days, while voriconazole was given to the mice in the positive control group. Results. The clearance rate of pulmonary fungi, cure rate, and reduction of 1,3-beta-D-glucans in treatment group were 80.00%, 80.00%, and 81.00%, respectively while in positive control group they were 67.00%, 60.00%, and 62.00%, respectively. There were significant differences in the results between two groups as mentioned above (P<0.05). Electron microscopy showed that, in treatment group, the cell wall of Aspergillus fumigatus was dissolved and detached and the cell surface was incomplete. There were edema, degeneration, and necrosis in nucleus and organelle, which lead to cellular necrocytosis. The cytomembrane of Aspergillus fumigatus was intact, clear, and complete, whereas the cytomembrane in the positive control group disappeared. The hyphal morphology of Aspergillus fumigatus was deformed, but the cell wall was intact. Conclusion. Cinnamaldehyde has a good curative effect in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillus infection in immunodeficient mice. It mainly affects the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucans from the cytoderm of Aspergillus fumigatus but does not affect cell wall. It would potentially be an effective and novel drug for targeted treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus deep infection.

目的 探讨经腹腔注射白假丝酵母菌建立免疫抑制BALB/c小鼠系统性感染的生物指标模型,为研究白假丝酵母菌感染的致病机制和抗真菌药物的药效学提供相关动物模型.方法 对免疫抑制组BALB/c小鼠(腹腔注射环磷酰胺200 mg/kg·d,连续2 d)经腹腔注射白假丝酵母菌增强毒力株0.25 mL(浓度为1×107 CFU/mL)建立系统性白假丝酵母菌感染模型;取小鼠尾静脉血进行白细胞和中性粒细胞计数,取小鼠组织进行真菌镜检、培养、病理检查以及(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测.结果 免疫抑制组与对照组小鼠用药后第4天白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、平均体重比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).白假丝酵母菌感染组生存率为30.00％,对照组生存率为100.00％,两组生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对注射真菌后第2～14天死亡小鼠以及第14天存活小鼠进行解剖,发现肺、肝、肾组织出现多处脓肿,以肾组织感染最为显著;小鼠组织真菌直接镜检可见大量菌丝体,组织培养均为白假丝酵母菌,组织病理可见大量菌丝体、炎细胞及组织坏死.白假丝酵母菌感染组肺、肾组织(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖均增高,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 本实验方法可以成功建立免疫抑制BALB/c小鼠系统性白假丝酵母菌感染的动物模型.

Objective To explore the anti-fungal activity of three kinds of Chinese herbal monomers against pulmonary candida in vitro.Methods Based on the drug-based method,cinnamaldehyde,eugenol and pogotstone were proportionally diluted to 2.50-0.0195 μL/mL,and MIC and MFC on pulmonary candida including candida albicans(C.albicans),candida tropicalis(C.tropicalis) and candida krusei(C.krusei) were determined.Results MIC of cinnamaldehyde against C.albicans and C.tropicalis were 0.0195 μL/mL,0.039 1 μL/mL for C.krusei,MFC was 0.039 1 μL/mL for C.albicans and C.tropicalis,0.078 1 μL/mL for C.krusei.MIC of eugenol against candida was 0.078 1 μL/mL,MFC was 0.078 1 μL/mL for C.albicans,0.156 2 μL/mL for C.tropicalis and C.krusei.MIC of pogotstone was 0.156 2 μL/mL for C.albicans and C.tropicalis,0.312 5 μL/mL for C.krusei,MFC was 0.156 2 μL/mL for C.albicans,0.312 5 μL/mL for C.tropicalis and C.krusei.MIC of fluconazole in the reference group was 0.313 μL/mL for C.albicans and C.tropicalis,and 2.5 mg/mL for C.krusei.Conclusion Three monomers of Chinese herbal have strong anti-fungal activity against candida(C.albicans,C.tropicalis and C.krusei),and the effects are in the following descending order:cinnamaldehyde>eugenol>pogotstone.C.krusei is resistant to fluconazole.

Objective:The objective of the study was to explore the activity of three monomers of plant medicine against aspergillus and determine the MIC and MFC against pulmonary aspergillus in vitro.Methods:The MIC and MFC values of Cinnamaldehyde,Eugenol and Agastache ketone aginst Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus) and aspergillus flavus(A.flavus) were determined with the drug-medium method.The concentrations of the three drugs were proportionally diluted to 2.5~0.0098 μg/mL.Result:The value of MIC and MFC of Cinnamaldehyde against A.fumigatus and A.flavus was 0.0391 μg/mL,0.0781 μg/mL and 0.0781μg/mL respectively.The value of MIC and MFC of Eugenol against A.fumigatus and A.flavus was 0.0781 μg/mL and 0.1562 μg/mL respectively.The value of MIC and MFC of Agastache ketone aginst A.fumigatus and A.flavus was 0.1562 μg/mL and 0.3125 μg/mL respectively.The value of MIC and MFC of fluconazole against A.fumigatus and A.flavus in the control group was more than 2.5 mg/mL.Conclusions:The three monomers of plant medicine have strong anti-fungal effects against A.fumigatus and A.flavus,and the effect of Cinnamaldehyde and Eugenol and Agastache ketone increases in order.On the other hand,fluconazole is resistance to A.fumigatus and A.flavus.

目的探讨桂皮油和藿香油复合物对烟曲霉、黄曲霉体外抗菌活性及药物作用于烟曲霉菌后形态和超微结构的变化。方法采用试管药基倍比稀释法,用桂皮油藿香油复合物对烟曲霉、黄曲霉进行MIC测定,对烟曲霉进行扫描电镜(SME)和透射电镜(TEM)的观察。结果桂皮油藿香油复合物对烟曲霉MIC均值为桂皮油0.129 mg/ml,藿香油0.064mg/ml;对黄曲霉MIC均值为桂皮油0.257 mg/ml,藿香油0.129 mg/ml。药物作用于烟曲霉后SEM下,24～72 h菌丝粗细不一,形态不规则,胞壁脱落,呈碎片状。TEM下,24～72 h细胞水肿,细胞器大部分溶解消失,呈空泡状。结论桂皮油藿香油复合物对烟曲霉、黄曲霉有很强的抗菌活性,作用于烟曲霉菌后,菌丝胞壁很快溶解脱落,呈不规则或碎片状,细胞内水肿,细胞器消失,细胞变性死亡。

The anti-fungus mechanisms and curative effects of cinnamon oil and pogostemon oil complexes towards intestinal Candida infections were investigated. We measured the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the complexes against Candida using proportionally-diluted test-tube medium, and examined the evolution of the morphology and structures of Candida albicans using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). We found that the average MIC values of the complexes against the fungi were 0.064 mg/mL (cinnamon oil), 0.032 mg/mL (pogostemon oil) for Candida albicans, 0.129 mg/mL (cinnamon oil), 0.064 mg/mL (pogostemon oil) for Candida tropicalis, and 0.129 mg/mL (cinnamon oil), 0.064 mg/mL (pogostemon oil), for Candida krusei. SEM examination over a 24–48 h period showed that the morphology of Candida albicans cells changed significantly. Irregular hollows appeared on the surfaces, inside organelles were destroyed and the cells burst after treatment. TEM examination over a 48 – 72 h period indicated that the cell walls were damaged, organelles were destroyed and most cytoplasms became empty bubbles. Sixty intestinal Candida-infected patients were treated with a capsule containing cinnamon and pogostemon oil. The curative ratio was 71.67% (43/60), and the improvement ratio was 28.33% (17/60), giving a total ratio of 100%. Thus, the cinnamon oil and pogostemon oil complexes had strong anti-fun-guseffectsagainst Candida albican, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei. They impacted the morphology and sub-micro structures of the fungus within 48–72 h, and eventually denatured and killed the cells. The complexes have also shown considerable curative effects to intestinal Candida infections.

目的探讨中药提取组合物(桂皮油、藿香油)胶囊对致病性念珠菌、曲霉的体外抗菌活性。方法应用试管药基法,测定中药提取组合物胶囊对念珠菌(白念、热带、克柔氏)曲霉(烟曲、黄曲)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果中药提取组合物MIC范围为白念珠菌(桂皮油0.06~0.52 mg/ml、藿香油0.03~0.26 mg/ml)、热带念珠菌(桂皮油0.13~1.03mg/ml、藿香油0.06~0.52 mg/ml)、克柔氏念珠菌(桂皮油0.13~0.52 mg/ml、藿香油0.06~0.26 mg/ml)、烟曲霉(桂皮油0.13~0.52 mg/ml、藿香油0.06~0.26 mg/ml)、黄曲霉(桂皮油0.26~0.52 mg/ml、藿香油0.13~0.26 mg/ml)。结论中药提取组合物胶囊对致病性念珠菌(白念、热带、克柔氏)曲霉(烟曲、黄曲)体外均有很强的抗菌活性,为开发中药治疗侵袭性真菌病提供理论依据。

近年来,深部真菌感染呈上升趋势,尤其是侵袭性曲霉菌感染,病情十分严重,已成为血液病、骨髓移植、重症免疫受损患者死亡的主要原因,1,2 其预后差,病死率高达80%～90%,因此我们对抗深部真菌药两性霉素B、伊曲康唑、伏力康唑、卡泊芬净、氟康唑、特比萘芬进行体外抗菌活性比较,为临床正确选择高效敏感的抗烟曲霉的抗菌药物提供实验依据,提高临床治愈率.

目的:观察27种中药醇提液及5种中药提取油对肠道念珠菌(白念、热带、克柔氏)的体外抗菌活性.方法:采用试管药基法将27种中药醇提取液倍比稀释成浓度50-3.125 g/L.中药提取油倍比稀释成5-0.0097 mL/L,对肠道念珠菌进行MIC观察.结果:27种中药醇提取液中有6种(土槿皮、黄连、黄柏、五倍子、桂皮、丁香)MIC均值为1.56-3.25 g/L,4种(广藿香、川芎、菖蒲、蛇床子)MIC均值12.5 g/L,2种(五味子、小茴香)MIC均值50 g/L,对念珠菌有不同程度的抑制作用,其他15种中药醇提取液无抑制作用.5种中药提取油(桂皮油、藿香油、丁香油、小茴香油、五味子油)对念珠菌均有较强的抑制作用.结论:6种中药醇提取液及5种中药提取油对念珠菌(白念、热带、克柔氏)均有较强的抑制作用.

Objective To evaluate the antifungal activities of amphotericin B (AMB) combination with azithromycin (AZI) and other antifungal agents against 30 strains of Aspergillums fumigatus in vitro, so as to guide rational use of antifungals against invasive aspergillosis. Methods The M38-A method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute was used to detect antifungal activity of the combination application of antifungal drugs. Results The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of voriconazole (VRC), caspofungin(CBF), itraconazole (ICZ) and AMB against Asperillus fumigatus was 0.29μg/mL, 0.45μg/mL, 0.52μg/mL and 0.55μg/mL, respectively. Asperillus fumigatus were all resistant to terbinafine, fluorocytosin-5 (5-FC), fluconazole(FCZ) and AZI. The total percentages of synergistic activity for AMB + ICZ, AMB + VRC, AMB + CBF, and AMB + 5-FC was 96.67%, 90.00%, 83.33% and 50.00% respectively. Conclusion Aspergillus fumigatus were highly sensitive to AMB, ICZ, VRC and CBF, but resistant to AZI and FCZ; The combination of AMB+ ICZ, AMB+ VRC, AMB + CBF and AMB + 5-FC displayed a synergistic activity. The combination of AMB and other antifungals can be chosen for invasive aspergillosis.

目的:探讨肉桂油治疗胃白念珠菌感染的可行性.方法:制作胃白念珠菌感染小鼠120只,随机分为4组,每组30只.肉桂油治疗组分3组,每天给予1mL1.25、1.88、2.5g/L肉桂油溶液灌胃,对照组每天给予50g/L葡萄糖溶液1mL灌胃,10d后取小鼠胃组织行真菌镜检及组织病理检查,发现白念珠菌菌丝为阳性.结果:3个浓度的肉桂油治疗组的真菌镜检及组织病理检查阳性率均显著低于对照组（χ2=14.14,6.97,7.04;30.08,25.36,28.09,均P＜0.01）,肉桂油治疗组之间比较无差异（χ2=2.04,0.28,P＞0.05）.结论:三种浓度肉桂油均可杀死小鼠胃内的白念珠菌,肉桂油可用来治疗胃白念珠菌感染.